采用多特征共生矩阵的模板匹配

为解决在模板匹配过程中,目标图像发生局部遮挡、背景变化、光照变化以及剧烈非刚性形变等情况而出现的匹配失败问题,本文提出了一种基于多特征融合的共生矩阵模板匹配算法.首先,采用多特征融合的方法提取图像信息.分别提取图像的颜色特征、深度特征、方向梯度直方图(HOG)特征,通过主成分分析(PCA)与K均值聚类的方法实现多通道多...     

利用改进的Retinex进行人脸图像光照处理

为了提高光照变化条件下的人脸识别率,针对Retinex算法处理人脸侧光照图像时会误增强阴影的边缘提出了一种基于新的传导函数的自适应平滑Retinex算法。该传导函数用空间梯度和像素的局部不一致性两种方式共同测量灰度的剧烈变化,在平滑图像的同时没有边缘增强效应,且不会损失人脸特征边缘。在平滑估计的迭代过程中,选取上一次与此次迭代结果中的较大值作为约束条件来保证估计出的亮度图像能满足Retinex理论的约束条件。在YaleB人脸库上的实验结果表明,本文算法能有效克服强侧光照时的阴影现象且没有损失人脸特征边缘;与较经典Retinex算法相比,侧光照时的识别率在最好情况时提高了24.2%,无强侧光照时也可提高4%左右,具有光照鲁棒性,可适用于任何光照条件下的人脸识别。     

基于改进LBP和DBN的人脸识别算法研究

针对传统LBP算法的人脸识别易受光照、背景、遮挡等因素的影响,使用改进局部二值模式(LBP)和深度信念网络(DBN)相结合的方法,用多尺度块局部二值模式(MB-LBP)算法获取人脸图像的纹理特征,在此人脸纹理特征的基础上使用中心对称局部二值模式(CS-LBP)算法获取图像的纹理特征,然后将两次获得的纹理特征图像的直方图进行融合,并将其输入到DBN中进行训练,优化网络参数。     

光学遥感图像中复杂海背景下的舰船检测

本文针对光学遥感图像中复杂海背景下的舰船检测问题,提出一种快速精确的舰船检测方法。首先,基于最大对称环绕显著性检测完成初始目标候选区域提取,并结合一种基于元胞自动机的同步更新机制,利用图像局部相似性和舰船目标几何特征,对初始目标候选区域进行更新,并通过OTSU算法获取最终目标候选区域;然后,根据舰船目标的固有特性对方向梯度直方图特征进行改进,提出一种新的表征舰船特性的边缘-方向梯度直方图特征对舰船目标进行描述,与传统HOG特征相比,这种特征向量侧重于对边缘特征的描述,对梯度向量鲁棒性更强,并且仅为一个24维的特征向量,计算复杂度低;最后,通过构建的训练库完成AdaBoost分类器的训练,并利用训练完成后的AdaBoost分类器完成目标的最终判别确认。本文的检测算法,针对尺寸为1 024pixel×1 024pixel的遥感图像,检测时间为2.386 0s,召回率为97.4%,检测精度为97.2%。实验表明,本文提出算法的检测性能优于目前主流的舰船检测算法,在检测时间和检测精度上都能够满足实际工程需要。     

结合相位一致性的行人检测

针对行人检测中利用方向梯度直方图(Histogram of Oriented Gradient,HOG)特征进行训练时耗时长,检测速度慢的问题,提出一种改良算法。该算法结合相位一致性(phase congruency,PC),利用局部能量与Log-Gabor滤波器,计算提取行人正样本图像的边缘,以边缘像素点处的局部能量值最大值与对应的相位值做为特征,以HOG滑动块形式生成特征描述子,此文称之为PC-HOG特征,利用AdaBoost级联分类器算法训练学习此特征,并在INRIA数据库中测试此算法分类效果。测试结果表明该算法明显减少了训练时间,提升了行人检测速度,较HOG+SVM速度提升40%以上,较HOG+AdaBoost提高了8%左右,也改善了检测准确性。     

基于灰度图像直方图的边缘检测

数字图像的边缘检测在图像分割、模式识别、机器视觉等中有很重要的作用。灰度图像的边缘检测通常都基于灰度的梯度变化,而图像的直方图就描述了一幅图像的灰度级内容,通过实验找到了数字图像的边缘检测与图像的直方图之间的内在联系,得出具有双峰直方图的图像,其边缘检测效果是比较好的。     

基于改进HOG特征的瓶口缺陷检测算法

传统瓶口缺陷检测算法通过边缘检测和滤波等操作区分和定位缺陷,该算法受瓶口光照影响较大,瓶口粗糙毛刺区域和缺陷部分在图像中均表现为亮色,难以区分,且传统检测算法对检测阈值设置精度要求极高,因此结合瓶口图像灰度值的分布一致性和缺陷的亮度突变性特征,提出基于四线性插值梯度方向直方图(Histogram of Oriented Gradients,HOG)特征的瓶口缺陷检测算法。由于缺陷与背景具有较大的灰度对比度,通过HOG可以对瓶口圆环区域中的所有灰度值突变像素点进行统计,在统计过程中,根据梯度方向对梯度幅值进行竖直方向上的增强和水平方向上的抑制,得到适用于瓶口缺陷场景的特征向量。结合支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)二类别判决器,实现瓶口的缺陷检测。实验结果表明,检测耗时为170 ms,相较于传统检测方法具有更高的准确率。     

基于LBP的移动环境下的人脸识别研究

提出一种基于Android平台实现的具有较强鲁棒性的人脸识别方法.根据终端用户拍摄场景的多变性,首先通过人眼检测、瞳孔定位、GIC校正和直方图均衡化算法对人脸图像进行归一化处理,达到比较好的实用效果 ;其次利用局部二值模式(LBP)提取全局直方图特征,再将图像划分为若干大小相同的子区域,提取每个子区域的LBP直方图,最后将全局和局部直方图按一定的顺序结合作为人脸图像的最终特征.在Android平台上用ORL人脸数据库对该方法进行测试,结果表明具有较好的识别性能.     

改进Canny算法在码垛机器人视觉图像处理中的应用研究

针对实际应用过程中码垛机器人视觉图像处理易受车间光照不足、噪声干扰等因素影响的问题,对码垛机器人视觉系统视觉图像检测原理进行了研究。通过对比常用边缘检测算法的检测性能,提出了一种改进的Canny算法;通过改进梯度幅值的计算方法,提高了去噪效果和边缘定位精度,并通过双阈值的自适应提取的方法,实现了自适应设定阈值对图像进行边缘检测;通过实验,对边缘检测算法的检测效果进行了测试分析。研究结果表明:改进的Canny算法能有效克服光照不足、噪声干扰等因素影响,避免边缘检测过程中出现的断边和虚假边缘,其检测效果优于传统的Canny算法以及其他几种边缘检测方法。     

大尺寸机械零件的机器视觉高精度测量方法

为实现大尺寸机械零件的高精度视觉测量,研究了基于序列局部图像尺寸特征的测量方法,提出了基于纹理特征的序列局部图像校准技术以解决测量过程中相面旋转引起的局部图像尺寸方向变动问题;提出了图像边缘补偿测量技术以消除实际边缘不能精确定位而对测量精度的影响;论述了基于序列局部图像尺寸特征测量方法的算法实现过程。实验表明,对大尺寸零件应用序列图像测量法进行测量,其相对测量误差在0.012%以内,基本满足机械零件二维尺寸精密自动化测量要求。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.