舰船尾流气泡多重散射偏振特性研究

舰船尾流气泡的多次散射效应对光尾流探测领域的研究具有重要意义.针对水中气泡多次散射对后向散射光强以及偏振度的影响规律问题,基于矢量Monte Carlo方法,采用欧拉矢量法对光子在水中气泡后向散射偏振态进行跟踪,对比分析了线偏振、圆偏振激光入射情况下,不同散射次数回波信号在强度和偏振度特性上的差异性,验证了欧拉矢量法用于光尾流探测仿真领域的可行性.     

激光探测尾流微气泡的偏振特性研究

为了研究尾流中激光照明气泡幕的散射光强度和偏振的特性,利用基于偏振光传输的蒙特卡洛模型,对偏振激光入射含气泡群水体的三维空间分布模式进行仿真计算。研究了气泡和气泡群在不同气泡尺度,不同散射角条件下的散射光强和偏振状态;分析了气泡幕的气泡数密度,厚度对于散射光强度和偏振状态的影响。研究表明,散射光的强度和偏振度对气泡尺度和散射角较为敏感,气泡尺度参数越大,散射光强和偏振特征越趋向于集中在传输方向的小角度散射;气泡幕的数密度和厚度越大,散射光的强度随散射角度变化的敏感度下降,退偏振效果增强。     

多尺度复杂水质尾流气泡的激光探测仿真与实验

舰船尾流气泡具有尺度范围大、稀疏、离散等特征。利用蓝绿激光的海水穿透性能以及气泡对激光的后向散射特性，可以实现舰船尾流气泡的远场检测。舰船尾流的稀疏、离散特征导致气泡的激光散射回波信噪比极低，对光学接收处理系统及尾流信号处理方法带来了困难与挑战。建立了舰船尾流气泡的激光后向散射模型，通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了不同水质、不同气泡距离和不同尺度气泡的激光后向散射特性，设计了可抑制近场水体强散射干扰的水下气泡激光测试分析系统，实现了激光能量与雪崩光电二极管接收增益间的匹配调节。针对室内和湖泊环境，开展了不同水质和光电探测参数下的尾流气泡检测性能测试，通过对数据进行统计处理分析得到了舰船尾流气泡的激光探测特征规律。设计的水下气泡激光测试分析系统可以实现对舰船尾流气泡的有效探测，为舰船尾流探测系统在不同水质环境下的工程应用提供了理论及数据支撑。     

激光探测舰船尾流气泡样机初步实验研究

基于激光水下探测原理,采用自主研发的激光探测舰船尾流气泡样机,同时用气泡幕模拟舰船尾流,通过比较无气泡和有气泡两种条件下的样机接收信号,验证了样机的探测性能;并对气泡幕置于不同位置处的样机接收信号进行了分析和比较,研究了不同条件下回波信号的波形特点;最后对下一步的实验提出了几点建议。     

基于多元分析的水下气泡幕激光后向探测

分别采用光在水下的传输理论以及Mie光散射理论对水体和气泡幕的后向光散射特性进行分析,发现它们在空间分布上存在不同。水体的后向光散射在空间分布上是单调递减的平滑曲线,而气泡幕的则呈现复杂的变化。据此提出了一种新的水下气泡幕激光后向探测方法。该方法通过多元探测器对后向散射光信号进行接收,通过空间分析实现对气泡幕的探测。实验结果表明,该方法可实现对水下气泡幕尤其是远距离气泡幕的有效探测。     

水下气泡幕消光特性研究

为了研究水下气泡幕对激光传输特性的影响,采用米氏散射理论对水下气泡的消光截面和消光系数进行了计算,并在此基础上采用朗伯特-比尔定律对水下气泡幕的消光特性进行了理论分析和实验验证,取得了不同密度、不同厚度以及处于不同位置处气泡幕的透射光功率数据。结果表明,透过气泡幕的光功率随气泡密度以及气泡幕厚度呈指数衰减,而与气泡幕所处的位置没有密切关系。这一结论对舰船气泡尾流的光学探测是有帮助的。     

船舰远程尾流散射光偏振特性的蒙特卡洛模拟

为了研究船舰尾流气泡幕散射光的偏振特性,利用偏振光传输的蒙特卡洛模型模拟了不同偏振态入射光经过船舰尾流时散射光偏振度的二维空间分布模式,分析了偏振度的径向分布与气泡半径、气泡散射系数和气泡幕厚度的关系。研究表明,尾流气泡幕散射光的偏振度的二维分布具有空间方位选择性,不同状态入射光的分布模式差异明显;随着气泡半径的增大,尾流气泡幕前向散射光偏振度二维分布的图像的空间方位选择特性减小;随着散射系数的增大,尾流气泡幕前向散射光的偏振度数值减小;随着气泡幕厚度的增加,尾流气泡幕前向散射光的偏振度数值减小。     

水下气泡幕光探测验证性实验研究

依据光散射理论阐明了应用激光探测水下气泡的可能,然后设计并完成水下气泡幕光探测实验,从实验结果中提取特征量,比较无气泡和有气泡两种条件下的信号特点,说明能够依据探测光束的光散射信号判断水下气泡幕的存在,为激光探测舰艇尾流气泡研究提供了实验证明。     

舰船尾流气泡激光回波偏振压缩探测技术研究

对舰船尾流气泡探测是对舰船进行跟踪的一种独特的方法,采用蓝绿激光对尾流气泡 探测是可行的。在分析蓝绿激光在海水介质中的衰减特性基础上,提出采用偏振压缩技术对大动态范围的激光回波信号进行压缩,提高对尾流气泡探测的精度和深度。     

复杂混合尾流气泡场的激光探测特性研究

在实际舰船尾流激光探测过程中,激光探测系统与目标气泡层之间会存在杂质(气泡群、悬浮粒子),导致气泡回波信号信噪比降低。为了提高实际舰船尾流探测的信噪比,采用蒙特卡洛方法,仿真模拟了不同气泡层特性遮挡的情况,通过改变遮挡气泡层的厚度、数密度来探究其对目标气泡回波特性的影响,仿真得到：当遮挡气泡层存在时,回波信号会明显降低,且降低趋势随着遮挡气泡层厚度和数密度的增加而更为剧烈。搭建了实验室条件下的模拟舰船尾流激光探测系统,对不同气泡层特性遮挡的情况进行了验证,得到了遮挡效应会随着气泡层的厚度、数密度增大而不断变强的变化规律。对测试数据进行归一化处理,实现了仿真与实验的相互验证,可为舰船尾流激光探测工程化提供支撑。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.