基于滑动窗口的红外焦平面阵列盲元检测算法研究

由于红外焦平面阵列成像存在盲元等一系列问题,为了减少盲元对红外图像的干扰,本文提出一种基于滑动窗口的红外焦平面阵列盲元检测算法。对像元进行加窗并计算其中的均值中值以及一级梯度等数值,再进行加权计算并设定阈值与原像元对比进行盲元检测,最后使用局部中值滤波算法进行盲元补偿。仿真结果表明此种方法可以有效地检测盲元,拥有比较好的盲元补偿结果,有效地改善了红外焦平面阵列成像质量。     

点源目标质心探测中单个盲元线性插值补偿算法选取

自适应光学系统中应用哈特曼波前传感器对点源目标进行质心探测时,光电探测器上子孔径区域内存在的盲元会引入一定的附加质心探测误差,为了减小质心误差,需要选取合适的盲元补偿算法获得相对合理的补偿值。推导了哈特曼波前传感器子孔径内单个盲元补偿后造成的附加质心探测误差。利用仿真统计了各种利用盲元邻域正常像素进行线性插值的单个盲元补偿算法对点源目标质心探测误差的影响。提出了单个盲元邻域像素线性插值补偿算法选取的若干准则,指出选用盲元上下左右4邻域像素的均值进行补偿造成的平均质心误差最小,而选用盲元左右两个像素平均补偿算法可以在补偿误差较小的情况下简化运算。实验结果与仿真结果相符合。     

红外焦平面阵列盲元检测及补偿算法

为了消除非制冷红外焦平面阵列图像盲元、改善成像质量,利用红外焦平面阵列盲元相应特性和相邻像元的相关性,提出了一种基于阈值+相邻像元检测及加窗中值补偿算法。结果表明,阈值+相邻元检测算法实现盲元误检率低、快速查找等优点;利用加窗中值的盲元补偿算法,可以使盲元图像得到明显改善,保持图像信息的完整性,同时,算法易于硬件实现。     

PCA与K-SVD联合滤波方法的研究

针对早期的滤波方法,如线性的有高斯滤波、均值滤波、方框滤波等和非线性的如中值滤波、开闭运算等传统滤波方法是在像素级进行行列式的循环运算,运算繁琐,数据亢余和不能有效压缩图像进行数字化传播的缺点,提出一种基于PCA主成分图像融合后的K-SVD滤波方法的研究,有效弥补了单一K-SVD对椒盐噪声起不到良好滤波的缺点。首先对源图像进行多次的观测得到N幅含噪图像(既含有高斯噪声也含有椒盐噪声,都是加性噪声)。再对N幅含噪图像进行PCA主成分提取融合后进行K-SVD滤波(如果先进行K-SVD滤波的话会造成多幅图像的K-SVD的滤波,导致效率低且运算度冗余N倍)。这样有效消除了高斯噪声的干扰,还解决了K-SVD对椒盐噪声不敏感的缺陷,完成了在图像特征级数据去噪的研究。     

快速高效去除图像椒盐噪声的均值滤波算法

针对常见滤除椒盐噪声算法需要使用阈值、运算时间长、去除噪声效果不理想等缺陷,提出了一种快速高效去除图像椒盐噪声的均值滤波算法。新算法对滤波窗口下的疑似噪声像素,有针对性地选择少数信号像素构成信号像素集合,取集合中的元素均值对疑似噪声像素进行滤波。实验结果表明,对于噪声密度为1%到99%的图像,新算法均具有良好的去除噪声能力和保持细节能力,而且整个算法耗费时间很少,因而具有较大的实用性。     

红外焦平面阵列盲元补偿算法研究

提出了一种补偿盲元的新算法,它首先利用自适应中值滤波检测红外焦平面阵列上可能的盲元点,然后再使用细节保持变分法对所挑出的盲元点进行补偿.这样,由于既保护了边缘又抑制了噪声,因此恢复出的图像质量明显优于传统的平滑滤波方法.仿真结果表明,本算法对噪声水平为25%的图像进行恢复后,其峰值信噪比仍可达到34.918 dB.     

一种新型目标图像去模糊方法

针对现有的图像去模糊法存在着细节纹理失真、锐化效果不显著、平滑区域去模糊效果欠佳等不足,提出一种基于自适应阈值和改进梯度算子的新方法,该法首先对原图像素进行全扫描提取得到自适应阈值,然后建立像素点增强方程,再将增强后的点进行新梯度算子滤波,最后重组像素得到增强图像,仿真结果验证了该法在增强锐化的同时,保护了图像的细节和平滑区域像素等信息.     

基于统计滤波的自适应双阈值改进canny算子边缘检测算法

通过介绍传统Canny算子边缘检测算法的基本原理,针对传统算法中存在的缺陷和问题,提出一种基于统计滤波的自适应双阈值的边缘检测算法;它通过统计滤波去除噪声有效的提高了算法的运算效率同时进一步抑制噪声对边缘检测的影响,以及基于简单统计的阈值选择算法,不再是人工选取阈值而是根据图像自身的特点自动选取合适的阈值,两者结合有效的提高了边缘检测算法的准确度和运算效率;这为图像分割技术的发展奠定了坚实的基础。     

一种基于短波红外焦平面阵列的盲元检测新方法

针对短波红外焦平面探测器盲元检测过程中存在的系统噪声和非均匀性问题,提出了一种综合递归滤波法、滑动窗口法和局部阈值法的盲元检测新方法.对所用递归滤波法、滑动窗口法以及局部阈值法的原理进行了阐述和分析,并对提出的新方法进行了实验仿真验证.结果表明:该方法不仅在一定程度上消除了系统噪声,提高了图像信噪比,而且有效克服了焦平面非均匀性对盲元检测的影响;与"2s"原则和"3s"原则盲元检测方法相比,该方法误判和漏判现象明显减少,提高了盲元检测精度,是一种比较实用的盲元检测方法.     

基于多元统计特性异常的盲元检测算法

针对红外焦平面阵列（IRFPA）探测器盲元和非均匀性导致系统性能降低的问题,首先建立红外焦平面阵列的多元正态分布时序噪声模型,将盲元看作是不符合模型统计分布特性的异常像素点,游离于多元正态分布超椭球之外。其次对序列图像进行主成分分解,将统计距离与等分线空间角作为异常像素检测的统计判据。最后,利用红外热像仪采集了黑体的序列图像数据,用于盲元检测算法的性能验证,实验结果证明该算法的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks