曝气生物过滤-多介质过滤-电吸附工艺处理炼油污水

针对炼油污水的水质特点,采用曝气生物滤池-多介质过滤-电吸附组合工艺,在中试装置上对其进行了深度处理。结果表明,在曝气生物滤池的气水体积比为(1.5～2.5)∶1.0,每立方米滤料CODCr容积负荷为0.7kg/d,电吸附脱盐单元的模块电压为1.55V,产水率为75%的条件下,组合工艺处理后出水水质为CODCr小于30mg/L、含油小于1mg/L、含悬浮物(SS)小于3mg/L、电导率小于800μS/cm,可满足循环水系统补充水的水质要求。     

河南油田某水厂给水处理工艺改造与评价

河南油田某水厂处理工艺改造的思路是将原来澄清池改为涡流絮凝沉淀池,虹吸过滤池改为气水反洗滤池,杀菌药剂由原来的氯杀毒改为二氧化氯消毒.改造后的工艺设计出水水质指标:浊度≤1 NTU、管网末梢余二氧化氯≥0.02 mg/L.改造主要构筑物有沉淀池、过滤池及加药系统.改造后运行1年多应用效果:出水水质溶解氧6.0mg/L(标准为≥5.0 mg/L)、总氮0.8 mg/L(标准为≤1.0 mg/L)、细菌总数≤80 cfu /mL、浊度＜1 NTU,达到了水质要求.     

石化废水采用活性砂滤技术脱氮除磷应用研究

介绍了石化废水采用活性砂滤技术脱氮除磷应用研究试验情况。结果表明,在处理水量4~6 m3/h、pH 6.22~7.97、温度15~37℃、硝化砂滤容积负荷0.15 kg NH3-N/(m3/d)、反硝化砂滤容积负荷2.37 kg NO-3-N/(m3/d)等工艺条件下,出水总氮≤15 mg/L、总磷≤0.5 mg/L、氨氮≤5 mg/L、TSS≤20 mg/L,达到上海市《污水综合排放标准》中一级指标总氮≤25 mg/L、总磷≤0.5 mg/L排放标准。     

炼油废水深度处理技术工业应用总结

延安炼油厂为减少含油污水、含盐污水外排,在工业废水提标改造项目中采用高密度沉淀池-臭氧催化氧化-改良多级生物滤池-微砂加炭高效沉淀池组合工艺,以提高水资源利用率,减少污染物排放。介绍了改造工程的工艺流程,包括优化臭氧发生、滤池反洗运行条件,调整反吹风来源、碳源等。实际运行显示,采用该组合工艺后,外排水的总磷、氰化物、氨氮、挥发酚排放量分别降低97%,95%,83%,72%以上,外排污染物减量明显,排水水质完全满足DB 61/224—2018《黄河流域(陕西省)污水综合排放标准》中排放要求,COD(化学需氧量)稳定在17～19 mg/L之间,节能降耗效果明显,环境、社会与经济效益良好,可为国内同类项目提供参考。     

喇嘛甸油田污水站工艺优化设计

喇嘛甸油田三号污水站采用一次沉降工艺,缺少一级沉降,满负荷运行时沉降时间仅为3.84 h,由于沉降时间不足,导致油水分离效果差.经设计改造后,在满足处理水质达标的基础上,实现了设备先进化和管理自动化,减少了工人的劳动强度,降低了对环境的污染,并且能够处理高含聚污水.改造后污水总体沉降时间为8.64 h,可达到出水水质在沉降阶段含油≤30 mg/L、悬浮物≤40 mg/L,过滤后水质含油≤20 mg/L、悬浮物≤20 mg/L的技术指标.     

核桃壳过滤强腐蚀含油污水工艺优化

某核桃壳污水处理系统投运初期处理水质达到设计要求,水中悬浮物含量≤10 mg/L,含油量≤5 mg/L,但运行约半年之后,水质开始连续超标。通过对过滤器进行防腐处理、过滤器进水流程优化改造、在过滤器反冲洗流程增加反冲洗剂加注装置、增加反冲洗频次等工艺优化,最终使得污水处理水质合格,悬浮物含量和含油量都在5 mg/L以下。系统工艺改造运行1年多,过滤器内部附件未发生腐蚀脱落,核桃壳滤料未发生严重板结。     

煤化工固体废渣渗滤液的Fenton氧化-絮凝-SBR联合处理条件的研究

在对榆林能化固体废渣渗滤液进行水质组成分析的基础上,研究了Fenton氧化-絮凝-SBR组合工艺条件对该渗滤液COD的去除效果。结果表明:在Fenton氧化处理条件为pH 4.0,H_2O_2和FeSO_4投加量分别为0.4%(v/v)和30 mg/L条件下,渗滤液的COD去除率较高;絮凝处理中PAC和PAM的适宜投加量分别为180 mg/L和1.0 mg/L;SBR工艺适宜的条件为瞬时进水,曝气时间为10 h和沉降时间为2.5 h。渗滤液经处理后的COD可降至59.4 mg/L,达到国家二级排放标准(GB8978-1996)。     

榆林气田污水回注系统工艺改造及应用效果评价

回注水水质直接关系到回注井能否正常运行,同时对保护地层环境有着重要意义。针对榆林气田污水回注现状,通过深入分析回注系统存在问题,结合目前的处理工艺,提出改造方案并进行了工艺改造、设备优选,以期使得处理效果达到最佳。改造的实施达到了预期的效果,回注水中悬浮物含量≤5mg/L,油份含量≤25mg/L,确保回注井长期、平稳运行。     

胜利采油厂坨四污水站改造工程设计

胜利油田胜利采油厂坨四污水站近年来因水性改变,来水含聚,造成工艺不适应,从而引起注水压力上升,吸水指数下降.根据室内实验与现场装置试验,选用重力除油沉降+浮选+过滤的水处理工艺,并筛选出净化剂、缓释剂、杀菌剂的加药量和加药点.设计规模为一期工程40 000 m3/d、二期工程50 000 m3/d.胜利采油厂坨四污水站改造工程投产后运行平稳,水质达标:外输水含油量≤20 mg/L、悬浮物含量≤7 mg/L、粒径中值≤3.5 mg/L,避免了因水质不合格而产生地层堵塞、注水压力上升等问题,缓解了部分重点单元存在的注采矛盾,增强了油田稳产基础,减缓了老井递减.     

齐鲁乙烯污水处理场A/O工艺调试与优化

齐鲁乙烯污水处理场升级改造后,承担着乙烯新区47套化工装置及周边地方40余家化工企业的石化废水处理任务。改造后的污水处理场对含低盐石化废水采用缺氧-好养生物处理工艺(A/O工艺)与絮凝过滤工艺进行处理。建立中试装置,研究了A/O工艺对石化废水中有机物与NH3-N的去除效果。考察了系统受到有毒有害物质及高浓度进水COD,NH3-N等冲击时的去除效果,以此评估工业化装置的抗水质波动及抗冲击负荷的能力。结果表明,A/O系统具有耐有毒有害物质的能力,对水质波动的冲击负荷具有较好的抵抗能力。在COD进水质量浓度为250～500 mg/L,NH3-N质量浓度为16～105 mg/L,COD与NH3-N的去除率均达到90%以上;出水满足《山东省小清河流域水污染物综合排放标准》DB 37/656—2006,即COD质量浓度小于等于60 mg/L,NH3-N质量浓度小于等于6 mg/L。     

顺,反,顺-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸二酐的合成

以碳酸二乙酯为溶剂,顺丁烯二酸酐为原料,在紫外光的照射下进行[2+2]环加成反应,制备得到顺,反,顺-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸二酐,并通过IR和1 H NMR对其结构进行了确证。实验结果表明,较佳反应条件是:顺丁烯二酸酐浓度为9%,高压汞灯照射,反应时间4h,反应温度6℃,产品顺,反,顺-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸二酐的产率为82.6%,纯度可达99.2%。     

New Modifications Bart,Bdchamp, Mayer,Rosenmund, Scheller,Sherlyn-Braz Reactions with Halides of Arsenic,Antimony and Bismuth

It was discovered a new approach modification Bart, Beschamp, Mayer, Rosenmund, Scheller, Sherlyn-Braz reactions with of arsine, stibine and bismuthine in organometallic chemistry. The authors have proposed a new mechanism for possible reactions.     

Search for New Three-, Four-Component Petasis,Passerini, Hantzsch,Kabachnic-Fields,Ugi Reactions with Organic Compounds of Phosphorus,Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth

It is discovered a new three-, four-component Petasis, Passerini, Hantzsch, Kabachnic-Fields, Ugi reactions with of arsine, stibine and bismuthine in organometallic chemistry. Modifications were replaced to a nitrogen atom of classical reactions of atoms of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. It has been proposed a new mechanism for possible reactions.     

水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库盘库方法

地下储气库多周期运行盘库,是研究气库运行规律、分析漏失、进一步提高气库运行效率和降低气库运行成本的关键环节。已建立的未水淹气藏型地下储气库盘库数学模型却并不适用于水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库,评价结果明显高于实际注采气量。为此,通过深入分析水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库气驱排水扩容机理、多周期注采运行过程中气水两相宏观与微观运动规律及可能的分布状态,创新性提出了可动用库存量的概念,以注采气量与视地层压力在一个注采周期内满足定容压升降方程为评价准则,建立了水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库盘库模型。实例验证结果表明,该模型计算的结果与实际吻合,可用于水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库多周期运行盘库计算和分析。为储气库运行、管理及调整提供了依据。     

Solid waste issue: Sources,composition, disposal,recycling, and valorization

Disposal of solid wastes is a stinging and widespread problem in both urban and rural areas in many developed and developing countries. Municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and disposal is one of the major problems of urban environment in most countries worldwide today. MSW management solutions must be financially sustainable, technically feasible, socially, legally acceptable and environmentally friendly. Solid waste management issue is the biggest challenge to the authorities of both small and large cities’.Valorization of food organic waste is one of the important current research areas. The conventional landfill, incineration, composting, and ways of handeling solid wastes are common as mature technologies for waste disposal. Traditionally, the most commonly used technologies for the treatment and valorization of the organic fraction of MSW are composting and anaerobic digestion (AD). The generation of organic solid waste (OSW); worldwide; is dramatically increasing each year. Most of the OSW’s are composed of agricultural waste, household food waste, human and animal wastes, etc. They are normally handled as animal feed, incinerated or disposed to landfill sites. OAW’s are comprised of materials rich in proteins, minerals, and sugars that could be used in other processes as substrates or raw materials.     

PERMIAN TO TERTIARY FAUNAS AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY: SOMALIA, KENYA, TANZANIA, MOZAMBIQUE, MADAGASCAR, SOUTH AFRICA

Permian to Tertiary faunas along the eastern margin of Africa, and on Madagascar, are presented, described, and discussed. Presentation of the faunas is made in four charts: Permo-Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary. A correlation chart provides tentative time-rock units. Paleogeography northeast and east of Africa is derived from the writer's analysis of marine invertebrate fauna, and is delineated in sketches for Late Permian, Jurassic, and Cretaceous times. Limitations exist on the conclusions that can be drawn from fauna alone. Pelagic waters can be indicated, but their extent cannot be specified, and lack of diversification in some of the pelagic genera results in unavoidable ambiguities of interpretation. Nothing in the faunal evidence so far available, however, disproves unequivocally the existence of an ancestral Indian Ocean from Late Permian onward. Even if such an ancestral ocean did not exist the pattern of pelagic waters that can be inferred from marine invertebrate fauna constitutes an impediment to models that suture Australia or India to Africa or Madagascar. Peninsular India, on readings of its own geology across the foreland-orogen boundary, may have occupied its present position through the whole of geologic time.     

泌阳凹陷陡坡带砂砾岩体预测

在对泌阳凹陷陡坡带砂砾岩体空间展布预测中,以层序地层学研究为基础,依据古地貌沟扇对应理论,利用地震属性分析技术和地震反演技术,寻找砂砾岩扇体并确定其分布边界.预测结果,在陡坡带边界断层附近发现了新的砂砾岩扇体,在深凹区过渡带发现了浊积砂体,均为有利的油气聚集区,经钻探获得了良好效果,对陡坡带砂砾岩体的勘探起到 较好的指导作用.图3参10