基于折线切分路径的粘连搭接字符切分算法的研究

针对粘连和搭接字符切分算法的不足,提出一种基于折线切分路径的字符切分算法。该算法利用投影法将粘连搭接字符与非粘连搭接字符分离开,而后结合粘连搭接字符独有的外形特征,通过引入惩罚权重的路径搜索算法快速而准确地得到粘连搭接字符间的折线切分路径;为了避免一些字符在以上的切分过程中被误切碎,利用识别反馈信息对一些字符子图像进行合并。实验结果表明,该算法对印刷体日英混排字符切分有很强的适应性,取得了较理想的切分效果。     

基于前景和背景分析的手写体汉字切分方法

在离线手写体字符识别中，正确切分字符是提高识别性能的关键步骤之一。本文针对离线手写体汉字，提出了一种基于垂直投影法和前景一背景细化的切分算法。首先，本算法利用垂直投影法和背景细化的方法对非粘连字符进行切分，根据周边特性取得代价函数，利用动态规划法合并字块。其次，对于粘连字符，根据背景和前景细化的结果，选取一系列的特征点形成切分路径，然后利用代价函数来选择合适的路径。实验结果表明，提出的切分算法对手写体汉字字符有较好的切分效果。     

粘连字符切分综述

字符切分是字符识别系统的一个重要环节。粘连则是指字符图像问有笔画接触的情况，它普遍存在于手写和低质量的印刷文档中。然而普通切分算法很难处理粘连字符。本文综述了主要的粘连字符切分算法以及切分路径的评价方法，在详细介绍算法流程的基础上，对每种算法的优缺点以及粘连字符切分的未来工作进行了探讨。     

一种视频中字符的集成型切分与识别算法

视频文本行图像识别的技术难点主要来源于两个方面: 1)粘连字符的切分与识别问题; 2)复杂背景中字符的切分与识别问题. 为了能够同时切分和识别这两种情况中的字符, 提出了一种集成型的字符切分与识别算法. 该集成型算法首先对文本行图像二值化, 基于二值化的文本行图像的水平投影估计文本行高度. 其次根据字符笔划粘连的程度, 基于图像分析或字符识别对二值图像中的宽连通域进行切分. 然后基于字符识别组合连通域得到候选识别结果, 最后根据候选识别结果构造词图, 基于语言模型从词图中选出字符识别结果. 实验表明该集成型算法大大降低了粘连字符及复杂背景中字符的识别错误率.     

基于小波变换和反馈的车牌字符分割

提出一种基于小波变换和反馈的车牌字符分割算法.首先,对车牌图像进行预处理;其次,根据车牌图像的垂直投影进行字符粗分割;最后,通过两级反馈进行字符精分割.第一级反馈是字符个数与字符宽度反馈,第二级反馈是字符识别反馈.在字符识别反馈中,对字符区域图像的垂直投影进行小波变换,利用其低频系数重构垂直投影;最后根据纹理特征进行字...     

基于Viterbi 算法的粘连断裂印刷体数字行切分识别方法

粘连断裂字符行的切分识别，是很多OCR 实际应用中存在的主要困难之一. 本文针对粘连断裂的印刷体数字行，提出了一种基于Viterbi 算法的切分识别方案，该方案采用两次切分识别的层次型结构. 在第二次切分识别过程中，首先，在候选切分点区域，结合灰度图像与二值轮廓信息，采用基于Viterbi 算法搜索的非直线路径进行切分，得到有效的切分路径；然后，结合分类器输出的可信度，采用Viterbi 算法来合并前面得到的候选切分图像块，进行动态切分与识别. 实际的金融票据识别系统实验表明，本文提出的印刷体数字行切分识别方法能够较好的克服字符行的粘连与断裂情况，提高了识别系统的识别率和鲁棒性.     

利用反馈的车牌字符分割算法

字符分割是车牌识别系统的重要步骤。提出一种利用反馈的车牌字符分割算法。首先,对车牌图像进行预处理;其次,根据车牌图像的垂直投影进行字符粗分割;最后,通过两级反馈进行字符精分割。第一级反馈是字符个数与字符宽度反馈,第二级反馈是字符识别反馈。实验结果表明,算法对光照不均、对比度较小、倾斜、污迹、字符粘连和断裂等严重退化的车牌图像具有很好的字符分割性能。     

粘连字符检测与识别技术的研究

为了有效地识别粘连字符,提出了旋转投影不变矩方法,此方法首先把字符串旋转到水平方向,然后采用最大方差阈值法把字符串从图像中提取出来,再沿垂直方向对字符串进行投影,投影图的波谷位置就是字符的切割位置,最后求取分割字符的旋转投影不变矩,利用旋转投影不变矩就可以对字符进行识别了,实验证明此方法是一种有效地粘连字符识别方法。     

一种手写汉字投影切分方法的改进算法

在分析传统的手写汉字投影切分算法的基础上,提出了改进算法.算法初切分阶段通过对局部图像进行水平投影法切分来确定行切分点,从而得到当行字符,之后针对单行字符,通过多种策略进行单字切分,包括针对字间间距、标点符号等信息做出的单字切分策略.实验结果表明,该算法能有效的减少传统垂直投影分割法的误切分现象,且分割速度快,实现容易...     

手绘太阳黑子图手写字符分割方法研究

利用固定区域坐标提取固定区域的单行数据字符块;基于高斯模糊提取随机手写黑子信息字符区;结合Hough变换与投影技术完成随机手写区域中包含多个黑子记录字符块的分割,并将包含单个黑子记录字符块分割为3个仅包含单行数据的字符块;利用颜色填充分割算法分割出单行数据字符块中的单个字符和粘连字符,结合平均字符宽度信息进一步分割粘连字符。实验结果表明,每幅手绘太阳黑子图的固定区域和随机区域的字符分割平均正确率分别达到95.5%和79.6%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。