横流中三维线源型浮力射流特性的研究

本文利用混合有限分析法及交错网格，对横流中有限长线源型浮力射流进行数值计算，成功模拟了端涡现象及其发展过程，并分析了扩散器长度及浮力对湍浮力射流的影响。     

光滑及粗糙明槽湍流流动大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟（Ｌａｒｇｅ Ｅｄｄｙ Ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ）方法和Ｓｍａｇｏｒｉｎｓｋｙ亚格子模型数值计算了光滑及粗糙明槽湍流运动。以槽高为参考长度的雷诺数分别为３０００，２２８００和１０＾５，数值离散方法为有限体积法，自由面的处理使用了简单了刚盖假定，固壁面采用了壁函数，与低雷诺数直接模拟（Ｄｉｒｅｃｔ Ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｔｉｏｎ）和物理实验结果相比，本文数模呈现了良好的预测效果，估计的湍流宏尺度（Ｍ     

MIXING MODEL EXTENDED TO TURBULENT FLOW IN NARROW SMOOTH OPEN CHANNELS

ＭＩＸＩＮＧＭＯＤＥＬＥＸＴＥＮＤＥＤＴＯＴＵＲＢＵＬＥＮＴＦＬＯＷＩＮＮＡＲＲＯＷＳＭＯＯＴＨＯＰＥＮＣＨＡＮＮＥＬＳＮｉＪｉｎ－ｒｅｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１００８７１，Ｐ．...     

横流均匀环境中三维线源型正负浮力射流特性研究

本文利用混合有限分析法及交错网格。对横流均匀环境中三维线源型正负浮力射流及负浮力射流的特性进行研究，分析了不同工况下流速，温度和湍动能在断面上的分布及影响射流轨迹线的因素，讨论了轨迹线上温度的变化及浮力射流的贴壁现象。对三维长线源型负浮力射流，分析了流速比，喷口弗汝德数对负浮力射流的影响。     

3-D hybrid LES-RANS model for simulation of open-channel T-diversion flows

The study of flow diversions in open channels plays an important practical role in the design and management of open-channel networks for irrigation or drainage.To accurately predict the mean flow and turbulence characteristics of open-channel dividing flows,a hybrid LES-RANS model,which combines the large eddy simulation (LES) model with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model,is proposed in the present study.The unsteady RANS model was used to simulate the upstream and downstream regions of a main channel,as well as the downstream region of a branch channel.The LES model was used to simulate the channel diversion region,where turbulent flow characteristics ate complicated.Isotropic velocity fluctuations were added at the inflow interface of the LES region to trigger the generation of resolved turbulence.A method based on the virtual body force is proposed to impose Reynolds-averaged velocity fields near the outlet of the LES region in order to take downstream flow effects computed by the RANS model into account and dissipate the excessive turbulent fluctuations.This hybrid approach saves computational effort and makes it easier to properly specify inlet and outlet boundary conditions.Comparison between computational results and experimental data indicates that this relatively new modeling approach can accurately predict open-channel T-diversion flows.     

二维温差水流数值模拟

建立立面二维水动力学与水温耦合模型,用分步法求解流速和压力,采用大涡模型计算紊动应力和紊动扩散。对由温差引起的空腔流动进行了模拟,分析了流动特性与雷利数的关系。对水库冷水入流试验模型进行了模拟,并将计算结果与已有文献进行了比较,结果表明:无论是下潜流的厚度。还是纵向流速沿水深方向的变化都吻合得很好。     

热分层湍流直接模拟的高精度算法和数值分析

该文发展了高阶精度有限差分格式的直接数值模拟方法,并将其成功地应用于带有自由面的热分层槽道湍流问题的计算,与低阶精度格式相比,高精度格式有着更宽的低耗散波段,对中高波数分量有较好的模拟能力。该文直接在非均匀网格上采用Lagrange多项式插值构造迎风偏置格式,克服了传统二阶格式在网格变化剧烈时精度损失的缺点,提高了在近壁区的计算精度。对三维槽道湍流以及带有自由面的热分层湍流的流场和温度场的统计特征、脉动特征以及能谱进行了分析,进一步验证了高精度差分方法对热分层剪切湍流问题直接模拟的有效性。总体上讲,该格式精度高,对高频非物理振荡有抑制作用,可以适应变化的空间网格,有效地模拟复杂湍流流动结构,并正确地揭示其流动机理.     

Modelling and computation of unsteady turbulent cavitation flows

1. INTRODUCTION Cavitatating flows are important phenomena happened in industry setups and many under-water vehicles. It leads to performance losses and modifications of blade load when happened in machines, especially turbo-machinery. Nevertheless, cavit…     

BEHAVIOR FOR NON-BUOYANT CIRCULAR SURFACE JETS IN COFLOWING STEAMS BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION

A three-dimensional mathematical model for calculating the steady flow of circular non-buoyant turbulent surface in a coflowing channel is presented in this paper.For closing the control equations,the κ-ε turbulence model is used in the mathematical model.The wall-function method is employed to treat the wall boundary condition at the bottom plane.The closed control equations are discretized by using Hybrid Finite Analytic Method(HFAM)on a non-uniform staggered grid system.The numerical results are obtained for different ratio of the jet velocity to the coflowing velocity.The comparison with experimental data shows good agreement.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 3-D TURBULENT FLOWS IN A CUT-OFF VALVE AND ANALYSIS OF FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN PIPE

1 .　INTRODUCTIONThevalvehasbeenplayinganimportantroleinthe pipeengineeringandisalsooneofmaincomponentsgeneratingtheheadloss .Becauseofthecomplexgeometry ,thedesignwasusuallyeval uatedempiricallyinthepast,whichcausesmuchenergyloss .Toreducetheenergyloss ,itisessen tialforadesignertoknowthedetailsofflowfieldinthevalvepipe .Recently ,withtheremarkableprogressintheComputationalFluidDynamics(CFD)andcomputerhardware ,itisexpectedthatCFDwillbecomeapowerfultoolinthedesignofvalve .Intheactual…     

基于FLUENT的小尺度粗糙明渠紊流数值模拟

采用计算流体动力学软件FLUENT 对一小尺度粗糙明渠紊流进行数值模拟研究,得到了不同水深的垂向流速分布、壁面切应力以及摩阻流速值,并将数值计算结果与物理模型实验结果作了比较,发现两者符合得较好,从而验证了FLUENT 用于计算小尺度粗糙明渠紊流的有效性.由于计算机性能的限制,无法得到粘性底层和过渡层的"真实"流速分布,有待今后进一步研究.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 3-D TURBULENT FLOWS OF PLUNGE POOL AND ENERGY DISSIPATION ANALYSIS

A 3-D numerical model for simulating the complicated turbulent flows was developed and the code was made. A numerical calculation of the plunge pool of Laxiwa project in China was carried on. Those 3-D distributions of velocity,pressure on bottom wall,turbulence kinetic energy and turbulence energy dissipation rate are revealed in detail and the detailed flow patterns of plunge pool were shown. By studying on the characteristics of turbulent diffusion and energy dissipation,the calculated results show that the major turbulence and energy dissipation are taken place near the axis of water jet. The calculated results also indicated that the calculated maximum impact pressures on the bottom wall of the plunge pool have a good agreement with those obtained by physical hydraulic model test.     

PERIODIC BOUNDARY CONDITION IN SIMULATION OF TURBULENT FLOW

In this paper, the simulations of the three-di-mensional turbulent flows through hydraulic turbine compo-nents[1] were conducted based on the standard k-ε turbulentmodel with body-fitted coordinates and staggering grid sys-tem. The SIMPLEC algorithm was adopted in the numericalprocedure. A new method to treat the periodic boundary con-dition was used. The calculated results of the new methodwere compared with those of traditional ones. These resultsindicate that the new method can give much better results,and can be used in simulating flow through rotational impel-lers. The presented method can be combined with alternativeturbulent model or employed in large eddy simulation.     

MEAN BEHAVIOR OF THREE DIMENSIONAL LINE BUOYANT JETS IN CROSS FLOWS

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｂｕｏｙａｎｔｊｅｔｉｓｄｅｆｉｎｅｄａｓａｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｂｕｏｙａｎｔｆｌｕｘａｎｄｉｎｉｔｉａｌｍｏｍｅｎｔｕｍｏｒｖｏｌｕｍｅｆｌｕｘ .Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｌｏｎｇｍｕｌｔｉｐｏｒｔｄｉｆｆｕｓｅｒｓａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅａｔｗｏ ｄｉｍｅｎ ｓｉｏｎａｌｌｉｎｅｓｏｕｒｃｅ ,ｔｈｅｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｄｅｆ ｆｌｕｅｎｔｉｓａｃｔｕａｌｌｙａｔｈｒｅｅ ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎ[1 ] .Ｍｏｓｔｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎ…     

以波尔兹曼理论建立明渠水流数值模型方法

根据文献[1]所论述的以波尔兹曼方程建立明渠水流模型的理论及明渠水流中微、微观变量之间的基本关系，采用有限体积离散方法，探讨了BGK明渠水流数值模型的方法，初步建立了不同于传统方法的、满足熵原理的BGK明渠水流数模型，通过对一系列典型的明渠水流现象的模拟，并对理论解，其它计算方法获得的解决以及公开发表的实验结果相比较，表明所提出的模型计算精度高，、稳定性好，勿须人为的熵修正（如人为增加耗散项）、能准确模拟明渠中不连续水流运动（如溃坝波等），不会出现非物理性的震荡，是一种颇具开发前景的明渠水流模型。     

矩形明渠三维紊流的数值模拟

在明渠三维流动中，紊流产生的二次流起关键作用，它对主流流场分布，壁面应力及污染物的扩散有很大影响，有时还影响床面的稳定，Ｋ－ε紊流模型及类似的双方程模型不能计算这种二次流动。本文将非线性Ｋ－ε紊流模型用于明渠三维紊流的计算，模型用张量形式推出，比代数应力模型更易推广到复杂边界流动，应用这一模型及另两种代数应力模型对矩形明渠流动进行计算，所得结果，尤其是表述紊流特征的量，与实测资料进行了详细比较，并     

水垫塘三维紊流数值模拟及消能分析

开发了能模拟复杂紊流的三维数学模型，编制了大型计算程序，针对拉西瓦水垫塘进行了数值模拟，揭示了水垫塘内速度，压力，紊动能及其耗散率的三维分布规律，获得了详细的水垫塘流态特性。研究了水流紊动扩主消能特性，反映出紊动和消能大量地发生在射流轴线附近，计算所得的底板最大冲击动压与实验值进行了比较，二者符合良好。     

《南水北调与水利科技》优先数字出版声明

The turbulent flows through the channels with abrupt cross-sectional changes are common and importantphysical process in nature.For a better prediction of the mean flow and turbulent characteristics for this problem,atwo-dimensional depth-averaged numerical model is developed.The model is robust and accurate in reproducing therecirculation flow behind a groyne and turbulent flows in channels with abrupt cross-sectional changes,when com-pared to the available experimental data of mean velocities and turbulence kinetic energy.Our results reveal that theabrupt cross-sectional change of a channel can affect the flow pattern significantly and introduces the complex turbu-lence characteristics.In particular,when the channel has an abrupt expansion,the mean flow pattern is mainly in lon-gitudinal direction with rather small transverse component.Meanwhile,a recirculating region forms behind the expan-sion position and the turbulence has very strong intensity within this region.For the flow in the channel with an ab-rupt contraction,the longitudinal component of the flow is decreased by the obstruction on one side and accelerated onthe other side,whereas the transverse velocity is small.The turbulence is extraordinarily strong in the regions adja-cent to the contraction wall in the narrow channel.In both cases of abrupt cross-sectional changes,the TKE is genera-ted dominantly by the shear of the longitudinal velocities.     

FINITE-VOLUME TVD ALGORITHM FOR DAM-BREAK FLOWS IN OPEN CHANNELS

1 .　INTRODUCTIONThepropagationofborewavesorthemove mentoffreesurfaceflowscausedbydambreak ing ,orsuddenopeningorclosingofasluiceinachannelhasincreasedinterestinenvironmentalandhydraulicengineering .Generallyitcanbede scribedbytheShallowWaterEquations (SWE )throughtheintegrationoftheNavier Stokesequationsoverdepthwiththeassumptionsofhydrostaticpressuredistributionandmildchannel bedslope .ManyclassicaltechniquesthatwereusedforsolvingtheSWEcanbefoundinthepaststudies .However ,whendiscon…