从图案学到设计艺术学:诸葛铠学术思想探析

我国目前的设计学科与早期的图案学有着紧密的联系，在过渡过程中，诸葛铠对图案设计原理的梳理，为20世纪末尚处于雏形期的中国设计学科的构建作出了重要贡献。通过对诸葛铠图案学思想内涵的深入探究，确认了诸葛铠图案学思想之于中国设计学科发展初期的重要性。诸葛铠的图案学思想及其理论成果，不仅构筑起新时期图案学理论建设的框架，也完全可视为中国“现代图案学”在学理上日臻完善的标志，有效推动了中国当代设计教育的建设与发展。     

交叉学科设计学与对应调整方案的要点解读

如何理解设计学科专业的对应调整,尤其是对交叉学科“设计学”对应调整意图的解读,从学科专业建设与发展角度来说十分必要。就实施政策来看,其着眼点就在于建设新的学科体系,凸显设计专业博士学位点的实践性功能,并促进设计学尽快融入交叉学科。对此,整个对应调整工作的重心,必然是平衡且凸显学科专业与社会发展紧密联系的优势,拓展应用领域、补齐教学短板、完善学科体系,这是设计学科专业体系在发展中层层革故鼎新、去芜存菁的思考方向。依此来看,交叉学科“设计学”的设置,就有着极大的调整与自主作为的空间,其学科交叉发展策略应当是比较清楚的,诸如,“设计学”交叉学科+“设计”艺术的开启,显示出新版学科专业目录下的设计学,从艺术学门类调整到交叉学科大类,这明显是将传统意义上的设计学进行了剥离,从而推向适应未来高科技和社会服务发展时代需求,设计学将在国家规划战略中发挥出举足轻重的作用。     

管理工效学在我国的发展及研究方向

人类工效学是最近几十年发展起来的边缘性科学，它主要应用生理学、心理学、人体测量学、技术科学和社会科学等多种学科的研究成果和方法论，从工程学角度研究人的因素的一门应用科学。人类工效学的产生和发展一直与管理学科有着密切的联系。人类工效学主要研究人机环境之间的相互关系，通过恰当的设计和改进，使工作系统获得满意的效果，同时改善人的工作条件．保证安全、健康和舒适。协调生产系统人机环境的关系，对发展生产力、提高效益具有重要意义。     

对设计学学科建设的思考——以浙江科技学院为例

正2011年是艺术学升格为学科门类、设计学增设为一级学科、设计学学科迎来新机遇的开局之年,在各艺术设计学院中,设计学学科建设的重要性也被提升到了一个前所未有的高度。浙江科技学院设计学学科在十余年的建设中,发展态势良好,形成了自己的优势与特色。     

谈谈包装装潢设计

包装装演设计工作的实践，使我深刻认识到，它是一种综合性很强的专业学科，是艺术和科学的综合，和包装材料学、现代商业环境学。商业广告学、流行心理学、美学、销售学、消费心理学、社会心理学等多种学科有着极为密切的关系。我们从事包装装演设计的目的是如何让消费者快速地领会包装中的无声视觉语言，让消费者了解你的意图。要使人们的意识活动能尽快地转变成一定的行为方式，外界信息的刺激起着先导的重要作用。在市场经济条件下，包装装演这门艺术对商品的销售起了举足轻重的作用。谁重视它，掌握了这把金钥匙，谁就能获取丰厚利润，…     

从实践到书写:当下中国设计批评的发展与可能

设计批评是设计学的重要组成部分,它以设计实践为物质基础,运用设计史作为理论支撑,有着评价设计成果,指导设计实践的重要作用。文章分析了当下中国设计批评的既有成果与现实问题,致力于中国设计批评的进一步发展。通过回顾设计批评的发展线索,强调了它与设计实践的密切关系。在此基础上,文章结合中国当下设计现状,分析了设计批评书写的必要性,浅析了中国设计批评的进展,并着重思考、归纳了中国设计批评可能的书写方法。中国设计批评从实践中诞生,其研究与书写要结合国情与实际,综合运用多学科方法,突出学术性质和学术价值,要在指导实践的基础上努力建构新的学术大厦。     

选题策划《叙事性设计研究》--序言

自艺术学列为门类学科、设计学升为一级学科后,如何更好地梳理和完善设计学理论,加快构建属于设计学自身的理论体系己成为设计学学术研究的重中之重。在中国,设计理论研究与设计学科的形成有其特殊的背景和成因,具有鲜明的“中国特色”。中国设计学的源流和发展大体上可分为两条脉络：一是源于中国传统工艺美术和源于西方包豪斯学派的研究,如图案学、形态学和造物论等。     

主持人语

2011版学科目录制定、“设计学”成为一级学科的十年来,设计在国家战略中的重要地位不断凸显,也吸引了越来越多具有交叉学科背景的学者加入设计学研究领域。时至今日,设计学学科建设方兴未艾。设计学研究的任务,一方面是积极服务国家战略、引导设计实践和设计产业的发展、解决具体设计领域重大的现实问题,另一方面则是从事基础史论研究、建设设计学学科的理论体系、与学术界其他的兄弟学科门类进行平等的对话。前一种研究隶属于对策、实务性应用研究,后一种则属于基础理论研究,两者不可偏废。     

从MOOC发展探索设计学科专业教学模式改革与创新

"MOOC(massive open online course)"作为一种"大规模开放的在线课程",以全新的教育视角刷新现代高校课程教学改革理念。设计学作为一门新生的独立一级学科,有着开放在线课程教育的独特优势,信息量大、知识更新快、交流互动性密集、媒体工具接触多、交叉学科涵盖宽、创新意识强等特色,与MOOC的特征引起了共鸣。本文从MOOC的发展探索设计学科专业教学模式改革与创新,有利于从本质上体现设计学科的特色与专业的先进性。结合MOOC特征不断优化设计学科专业的教学计划管理、教学组织管理和教学质量管理,三位一体提升设计学专业的整体教学质量和办学水平有着重要意义。     

服装色彩学教育浅识

随着当代知识与信息传播，科学与艺术研究所呈现出的多彩态势和全新格局，使现代各类专业学科也日趋高度分化和高度综合。服装色彩学就是这种学科高度分化与综合趋势下的产物。它既是基础设计学、基础色彩学、服装设计学的综合，也是色彩学的一个分支，有其独特性。就分支色彩学来说，     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...