大豆纤维溢流染色工艺研究

使用BES活性染料对大豆纤维进行溢流染色．染色温度65℃．中浅色染色时间50分钟．硫酸钠的使用量为10g／1-50g／l，固色时使用Na2CO3为5g／1-15g／l，染品一等品率95％．在车间生产条件下．染机车速、升温速度、加盐速度是影响染品质量的重要因素。     

超声波苎麻纤维活性染料染色工艺研究

本文主要介绍了用超声波染苎麻的染色工艺.通过对超声波染色工艺中染色温度、盐用量、碱用量、固色时间等因素进行优化实验,最终得出超声波染苎麻纤维的最佳工艺为:染色温度60℃,氯化钠15 g/L,碳酸钠15g/L,浴比1:40,固色时间为30分钟.最后超声波染苎麻纤维的最佳工艺与常规工艺对比得出,用超声波染色能提高活性染料对...     

活性染料对染色工艺敏感性研究

染色工艺对活性染料的染色性能有较大影响，反映了活性染料的敏感性。研究结果表明：当温度达60℃-70℃时绝大部分染料的固色率高，有4支染料在70℃-80℃时固色率最高；盐的浓度增加，固色率提高，当达到60g/L时达到最高；有3支染料对盐浓度的变化不敏感；碱的用量在20g/L-25g/L时较为合理，染浴中染料的逍度在2%-4%时可获得满意效果，最佳的浴比为1：10-1：20。     

整理工艺对溶胶-凝胶法固色的影响

自行研制了用于水溶性染料固色的溶胶-凝胶对染色棉进行固色处理，讨论了整理工艺条件对固色效果的影响。实验结果表明：在60℃时预烘时间由15分钟延长至30分钟，沾色牢度提高半级，而温度由40℃升高至100℃，沾色牢度不发生变化，以60℃为宜；浸轧压力从0．1MPa上升到0．3MPa，带液率由73．33％变为53．33％，原样变化和白布沾色没有明显变化：在150℃时．焙烘时间由1分钟延长至30分钟，其效果明显趋好，若将焙烘温度提高到170℃，5分钟即可达到良好的固色效果。     

活性藏青TS在纤维素纤维上印花的应用研究

通过活性染料在印花工艺中尿素及固色时间对印花强度的影响进行讨论.活性 染料在纤维素纤维上采用平网印花-烘干-汽蒸工艺, 方法简便、重现性好.其尿素用量在50g/l为宜.烘干温度为100℃, 时间为2分钟.汽蒸温度100℃, 汽蒸时间7分钟.     

香蕉纤维织物的雅格素藏青ENW染色工艺研究

对香蕉纤维织物进行了活性染料雅格素藏青ENW上染研究。考察了碳酸钠用量、染料用量、氯化钠用量、固色时间以及固色温度对染色效果的影响。通过正交实验优化了染色工艺：染料用量2%(o.w.f.),碳酸钠18 g/L,氯化钠45 g/L,固色温度80℃,固色时间50 min。在优化条件下,雅格素藏青ENW上染香蕉纤维织物的上染率和固色率分别可达到55.94%和44.12%。     

锦纶地毯纱固色工艺研究

本文研究了锦纶地毯纱用酸性染料染色后的固色工艺,比较了固色剂种类、用量、固色温度及时间对染色K/S值和水洗牢度等染色性能的影响.通过正交试验优化了固色工艺.研究表明:固色剂Zetesal NR的固色效果较好,最佳工艺条件是:固色剂zelesal NR用量1.4 g/L,固色温度65℃,时间30分钟.此时水洗褪色等级提高1～1.5级,达到5级;沾色等级提高1.5～2级,达到3～4级以上;固色对K/S值无显著影响,干湿摩擦牢度达5级,日晒牢度达7级以上.     

活性染料SEFR值与中性固色工艺研究

根据活性染料染色特征值S．E．F．R．选择适用于中性固色工艺的活性染料，结果表明，S值高和低的活性染料对碱的浓度和温度敏感，对固色率的影响较为杂乱，但在温度为80℃时，这类染料的固色率均达到峰值：染色特征值在50-60范围内的活性染料适用于中性固色、以甲酸钠为中性固色剂对活性染料进行中性固色实验，其固色率均可达到60%左右．各项牢度均达到标准。最佳工艺条件为：甲酸钠：15g／L；尿素：20g／L；双氰胺10g／L，固色温度85℃：浴比：1：20。     

双官能团活性染料对羊毛纤维染色工艺的探讨

采用双官能团活性染料(毛用活性染料和棉用活性染料)对羊毛纤维进行染色,探讨了固色pH值、固色时间和固色温度对染色效果的影响。结果表明:双乙烯砜型棉用活性染料对羊毛纤维的染色过程和染色效果与毛用活性染料相近,在其最佳染色工艺条件下可以代替毛用活性染料。其最佳染色工艺为:pH=3～4,40℃下入染,固色条件为pH=6～7,95℃下保温染色90分钟;双官能团棉用活性染料上染羊毛纤维的过程中,亲核加成反应占主导地位。     

活性染料对莲纤维的染色性能研究

为了了解活性染料对莲纤维的染色性能,采用单因素分析法,在改变温度、浴比、时间、元明粉浓度、纯碱浓度等工艺条件下,分别采用两种不同类型的活性染料对莲纤维进行染色,并测试其上染率、固色率、耐皂洗色牢度和耐汗渍色牢度。结果表明:活性大红X-3B上染莲纤维的最佳染色工艺为染色温度40℃,染液浴比1∶40,染色时间60 min,元明粉质量浓度20 g/L,纯碱质量浓度30 g/L;活性嫩黄X-7G上染莲纤维的最佳染色工艺为染色温度40℃,染液浴比1∶50,染色时间60 min,元明粉质量浓度10 g/L,纯碱质量浓度20 g/L;活性染料耐皂洗色牢度和耐汗渍色牢度都在3级以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。