生活垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾的开采与综合利用

介绍了矿化垃圾作为稳定化垃圾的概念以及国内外的开采现状,从作为填埋场覆盖材料、土地利用、处理废水、处理废气以及建筑材料等方面概述了矿化垃圾综合利用的研究现状,并结合研究现状提出了展望。     

生活垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾的开采与综合利用

介绍了矿化垃圾作为稳定化垃圾的概念以及国内外的开采现状,从作为填埋场覆盖材料、土地利用、处理废水、处理废气以及建筑材料等方面概述了矿化垃圾综合利用的研究现状,并结合研究现状提出了展望.     

矿化垃圾作用下餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢试验研究

采用添加填埋10年的矿化垃圾对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢过程的影响进行了两批试验。第一批试验主要初步探讨矿化垃圾接种量对餐厨垃圾产氢影响，此批试验结果表明：添加矿化垃圾可以提高餐厨垃圾产氢浓度（由24％提高到30％）；第二批试验是研究矿化垃圾和污泥联合作用对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢的影响，实验结果表明：添加矿化垃圾后餐厨垃圾厌氧产氢的比氢气产率升高，从60mL／gVS提高到102mL／gVS，最大氢气浓度从33％提高到37％。     

垃圾渗滤液处理技术研究进展

介绍了渗滤液产生来源和特点，指出垃圾渗滤液是一种非常复杂的、难以生物处理的污水，并对垃圾渗滤液物理化学处理、生物处理及土地处理法进行了探讨，重点介绍了渗滤液的土地处理，包括渗滤液回灌、人工湿地法和渗滤液矿化垃圾生物反应床处理技术，指出了土地法处理垃圾渗滤液无论在技术上还是经济上比较是可行的。     

大规模矿化垃圾开采工程研究

矿化垃圾的大规模开采，是一项垃圾再利用的探索性课题，开采单元的选择，应保证所开采的矿化垃圾可作为生物填料、开采和筛分机械的选择，应保证开采筛分的可行性、高效性、经济性和安全性、良好的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益体现出开采矿化垃圾的价值。     

城市垃圾渗滤液的水质特性及其处理现状

介绍了城市垃圾渗滤液的水质特性以及当前垃圾渗滤液处理的研究及应用现状，在此基础上总结了垃圾渗滤液处理存在的问题及发展趋向。     

矿化垃圾作用下餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢试验研究

采用添加填埋10年的矿化垃圾对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢过程的影响进行了两批试验。第一批试验主要初步探讨矿化垃圾接种量对餐厨垃圾产氢影响,此批试验结果表明:添加矿化垃圾可以提高餐厨垃圾产氢浓度(由24%提高到30%);第二批试验是研究矿化垃圾和污泥联合作用对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢的影响,实验结果表明:添加矿化垃圾后餐厨垃圾厌氧产氢的比氢气产率升高,从60mL/gVS提高到102mL/gVS,最大氢气浓度从33%提高到37%。     

矿化垃圾作用下餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢试验研究

采用添加填埋10年的矿化垃圾对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢过程的影响进行了两批试验.第一批试验主要初步探讨矿化垃圾接种量对餐厨垃圾产氢影响,此批试验结果表明:添加矿化垃圾可以提高餐厨垃圾产氢浓度(由24%提高到30%);第二批试验是研究矿化垃圾和污泥联合作用对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢的影响,实验结果表明:添加矿化垃圾后餐厨垃圾厌氧产氢的比氢气产率升高,从60mL/gVS提高到102mL/gVS,最大氢气浓度从33%提高到37%.     

利用矿化垃圾富集和培养甲烷氧化菌的研究

针对矿化垃圾在填埋场甲烷气体控制的应用，研究了利用矿化垃圾富集和培养甲烷氧化茵的方法和条件优化。实验结果表明：矿化垃圾一般经过14d的富集培养可对甲烷产生明显的氧化效果；矿化垃圾和改进的NMS培养液配比在（0．5g～2g）：100mL范围．都能取得较好的甲烷氧化茵培养效果，在此范围内高的矿化垃圾加入量有利于甲烷氧化茵的培养：矿化垃圾加改进的NMS培养液培养甲烷氧化菌的启动时间在2d以内．一般在2d左右甲烷氧化率达到最大：pH值7～9范围内．甲烷氧化菌的培养效果较好.     

垃圾渗滤液处理技术研究进展

介绍了渗滤液产生来源和特点,指出垃圾渗滤液是一种非常复杂的、难以生物处理的污水,并对垃圾渗滤液物理化学处理、生物处理及土地处理法进行了探讨,重点介绍了渗滤液的土地处理,包括渗滤液回灌、人工湿地法和渗滤液矿化垃圾生物反应床处理技术,指出了土地法处理垃圾渗滤液无论在技术上还是经济上比较是可行的。     

不同改性剂改善填埋污泥臭度的实验研究

未经生物稳定化的污泥处置于填埋场时存在着恶臭污染的问题,从废物利用、以废治废的宗旨出发,选用粉煤灰、矿化垃圾和建筑垃圾三种改性剂并以泥土为对照,与污泥混合,可有效地降低污泥的臭度,对污泥臭度的改善能力由强到弱的顺序是粉煤灰、矿化垃圾、建筑垃圾和泥土。其中矿化垃圾具有易于就地取材,数量充足,不额外占用填埋空间的优点,将污泥处置于已有垃圾填埋场时,可优先考虑矿化垃圾与污泥混合填埋的方法,矿化垃圾混合比例的增大,有利于改性污泥的臭度降低,但污泥臭气中硫化氢浓度的降低幅度越来越小,添加量为7:10时,硫化氢的去除率达96%,按满足填埋强度要求的最低混合比例添加四种改性剂后,污泥的臭度降低到三级以下,符合填埋场恶臭污染物排放标准。     

矿化垃圾在土壤修复中的应用前景

综述了垃圾堆场渗滤液、垃圾填埋气体以及垃圾残留固体可能对土壤造成污染的研究进展,提出了采用矿化垃圾治理和修复垃圾堆场的污染土壤,在实现矿化垃圾的资源化的同时实现污染土壤的无害化．具有很好的应用前景。     

Treatment of Leachate by Aged-Refuse-based Biofilter

Refuse in landfills becomes stabilized or aged, as organic matter in the refuse gradually degrades and as the soluble inorganic substances dissolve during its long-term stabilization process. Within this paper, this process is referred to as mineralization and the resultant stabilized or essentially stabilized refuse is referred to as “aged refuse.” The aged refuse contains a wide spectrum and large quantity of microorganisms, which have a strong decomposition capability for refractory organic matter present in some wastewaters, such as leachate. In this study, aged refuse excavated from two to ten year old closed landfill compartments in Shanghai Refuse Landfill (SRL) was characterized in terms of particulate distribution by screening, and a biofilter consisting of ten year old aged refuse was then used for biofiltration of leachate sampled from the landfill. Typically, 400 kg of screened aged refuse with limiting diameter less than 15 mm was used as biofiltration materials in a round shaped biofilter with 80 cm inner diameter and 80 cm height. Leachate with initial chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and NH3–N concentrations of 3,000–7,000, 540–1,500, and 500–800 mg/L, respectively, was passed through the biofilter. As a result, the corresponding concentrations in the effluent were reduced to lower than 100–350, 10–200, and 10–25 mg/L, respectively, 90–99% removal for these parameters at a hydraulic load of 80–200 L/m3 refuse/day. The color of the effluent became slightly gray, in comparison with the heavy brownish color of the influent. The treatment efficiencies heavily depend on hydraulic load, BOD/COD ratios in the leachate, and preliminary treatment of the aged refuse. A variety of leachates with various BOD/COD ratios was tested. It was found that the effluent deteriorated when BOD/COD ratios were lower than 0.1–0.2. Increase of hydraulic load resulted in a decrease of removal efficiencies. Removal of stone, plastics, and glass, etc., from the aged refuse improved the treatment. A pilot test was conducted at SRL and the experimental results obtained at laboratory scale were verified.     

Modeling of Settlement in Saturated and Unsaturated Municipal Landfills

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are not only used to dispose the refuse in most economical way but also utilized as a viable land in today’s waste management strategy. Settlement prediction is an important issue in order to guarantee the integrity of any postclosure structure on landfills. In this study, landfill settlement in saturated and unsaturated landfills is investigated by developing a one-dimensional mathematical model and performing numerical experiments. Under the saturated conditions, the landfill is considered to be completely liquid saturated by preventing gas generation at all times. On the other hand, for the unsaturated case, we assume that a gas mixture comprised of methane and carbon dioxide is generated as a result of microbial decomposition of MSW deposited. The gas generation is assumed to follow a first-order kinetic approach. The liquid phase and gas mixture are considered compressible as well as the solid matrix (landfill body). After the governing equations were discretized using the Galerkin finite-element method, the Gaussian elimination technique is employed for a solution. In saturated landfills, the settlement is mainly caused by the overburden weight of the waste deposited. Further, the mass loss due to waste decomposition contributes for an additional settlement in unsaturated landfills. The predicted settlements are within the range reported in the literature. The model developed can simulate porosity, pressures, saturations, and stress profiles in settling landfills as well as to predict the transient and ultimate settlements in saturated and unsaturated landfills.     

强化准好氧填埋自然通风的原理及新途径研究

基于自然通风和准好氧填埋的基本理论，提出了几种强化准好氧填埋中自然通风效果的途径。实验结果表明，应用了吸风罩和风帽的改良型准好氧填埋可将填埋龄为2a的垃圾生物降解度（BDM）在200d左右的时间里由填埋初期的15．27％降到4．42％，衰减率为71．05％，大大缩短了垃圾降解的时间，加快了填埋场的稳定化进程。此外还发现，风速对改良型准好氧填埋方法的进风量影响显著，风速越大，甲烷的排放浓度降低幅度越大。     

山谷型安全填埋场实施粘土衬层的探讨

粘土防渗衬层是构成危险废物安全填埋场防渗系统的重点,要求其渗透系数≤1．0×10^-7cm／s,厚度不小于0．5m,对于山谷型安全填埋场来说实施起来具有一定的难度。本文主要从材料、设计、施工三大因素对安全填埋场实施粘土防渗衬层进行探讨。