共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Bo-Sin Tang Anne Haila Siu-Wai Wong 《Journal of Housing and the Built Environment》2006,21(4):337-354
Housing reforms in China are often conceived to have engendered a gradual shift towards a market system. New institutions have been introduced to enable decentralized, monetarized and privatized allocation of housing units. This study explores the emergence, growth and downfall of an intermediary service (known as ‘fang wu yin hang’) created spontaneously by real estate agents to facilitate housing transactions in the Chinese cities. Although this new institution looked capable of strengthening the rationality, efficiency, transparency and impersonality of China’s housing market, it was abandoned soon after its inception. The failure of this transient service suggests the presence of some social institutions, which could have blocked China’s progress towards a full-fledged market system in the housing sector.
相似文献
Bo-Sin TangEmail: |
2.
Urban renewal in the Netherlands has become a matter of ‘networking’. Housing associations, Dutch social landlords, became
financially independent in the 1990s and have a responsibility in urban renewal. It is a joint responsibility in which local
authority, social landlord and tenants are dependent on each other. This situation is rather new and needs some getting used
to, as the two case studies show. The paper concludes that taking account of the complexity of networks could improve the
chances of gaining support for problem definitions and solutions. This would result in agreement about goals and win–win package
deals for actors, and ultimately in ‘more’ progress in urban renewal.
相似文献
Marja ElsingaEmail: |
3.
This paper presents an analytical framework that allows us to evaluate the performance of dynamic governance structures. In
housing development processes, governance structures—markets, hierarchies and network or relational structures—change as the
process proceeds, and so do the goals that are set by all stakeholders, including local authorities. A framework for evaluation
is set out that takes account of this temporal component. It is applied empirically to three case studies in the city of Arnhem
(The Netherlands). The paper concludes that the effectiveness of steering housing production by local authorities depends
on choosing appropriate governance structures, setting realistic goals, and a local authority that acts accordingly. Many
of the choices with regard to goals and governance structures are not made autonomously but are structured by the spatial
and institutional context in which they operate. A systematic evaluation of the performance of governance structures, within
their context, could improve local government’s capacity to steer housing production.
相似文献
George de KamEmail: |
4.
This paper aims to provide a sketch of the ways in which ‘formal’ institutions of democratic representation worked in practice
in Durban/eThekwini in the 2000-2004 period. In so doing, it assesses how the representation of eThekwini’s citizens functioned
at both the ward and metropolitan levels. After outlining the formation of the new metropolitan political arena, we consider
the relationships amongst political parties at Metro and Ward levels, and, in particular, explore some contextually specific
forms of democratic practice which emerged through the interaction of proportional representation and ward representation
over time. The election of councillors as such does not resolve a series of dilemmas concerning how to institutionalise democratic
representation within a racially diverse, spatially divided, and rapidly changing metropolitan area. Electoral-representative
aspects of a urban democratisation are not a straightforward ‘formal’ framework alongside which other processes of democratic
discussion, mobilisation and contestation can be easily situated.
相似文献
Brij MaharajEmail: |
5.
Since 2000 growing numbers of British social landlords have emulated their Dutch counterparts by introducing a ‘quasi-market’
approach to letting vacant properties. Known in Britain as choice-based lettings (CBL), the new approach aspires to treat
people seeking social housing as consumers and to encourage consumerist behaviour. This is consistent with a wider drive for
UK welfare state reforms emphasizing ‘customer choice’. As in other policy areas (e.g., education and health) the widening
of service-user choice in this area has given rise to concerns that a more market-like system could be to the detriment of
already disadvantaged groups. In the CBL case, particular concerns have been expressed about the possible consequences for
formerly homeless households. It has also been suggested that, in shifting responsibility for decisions on matching properties
and people from landlords to house-seekers themselves, CBL might exacerbate ethnic segregation. Drawing on a government-commissioned
study focusing on early CBL schemes in England and Scotland, this paper examines these hypotheses in the light of empirical
evidence. The analysis finds no indication that formerly homeless households tend to be disadvantaged under CBL in terms of
area popularity or property quality. And, in general, the system appears to produce a more spatially dispersed—rather than
a more concentrated—pattern of lettings to ethnic minority households.
相似文献
David WatkinsEmail: |
6.
Bradley M. Rink 《Urban Forum》2008,19(2):205-220
7.
In 2003, Eurostat published an ‘experimental’ dataset on regional innovation levels derived from the Second Community Innovation Survey. This dataset, part of the European Innovation Scoreboard, also contains a range of regional labour market indicators. In this paper, we report an exploratory analysis of this data, focussing on how the labour market characteristics of regions shape regions’ absorptive capacity (RACAP) and their ability to assimilate knowledge from public and externally conducted R&D. In particular, we aim to establish whether labour market aspects of RACAP are more important for innovation in prosperous or lagging regions of the European Union (EU).
相似文献
James H. LoveEmail: |
8.
The paper explores and explains the phenomena of city growth and city regions in the South African context. It reflects on
the process of urbanisation and city region growth in South Africa in an attempt at contributing towards the development of
a discourse and analysis that better appreciates city region areas as crucial components of the growth, development and well-being
of the nation as a whole, including communities living in rural areas of the country. The paper also raises questions around
the increasing challenges of poverty, unemployment and inequality, as well as the growing ecological dilemmas that city regions
in South Africa are faced by. The paper is based on a study and analysis of quantitative data on urban areas and more specifically
‘city regions’, aptly called the ‘National Spatial Trends Overview (2008)’, for the South African Cities Network, the national
Department of Provincial and Local Government and The Presidency. The innovative spatial analysis and data platform used enabled
the identification and comparative analyses of a wide range of settlements based on their functional urban areas. It is argued
that regardless of where on the contentious scale city regions are viewed as positive or negative, they are important for
the country as a whole. Taking cognisance of benefits as well as costs of city region areas, the paper concludes that an appreciation
for city region planning dynamics will be crucial for the achievement of the South African Government’s national developmental
goals and objectives.
相似文献
Elsona van HuyssteenEmail: |
9.
The spatial structure(s) of the Belgian housing stock 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dominique Vanneste Isabelle Thomas Lieve Vanderstraeten 《Journal of Housing and the Built Environment》2008,23(3):173-198
This paper presents the spatial structure(s) of the Belgian housing stock and the spatial outcome of socio-economic inequalities
at a (sub)regional level and shows the link with the cultural landscape. A selection of housing patterns illustrates the processes
that segment the Belgian housing stock today: north–south contrasts, east–west differences, centre–periphery and urban–non-urban
dualities.
相似文献
Lieve VanderstraetenEmail: |
10.
Facilitating home ownership and providing more affordable housing has received considerable attention in urban China. However,
it remains a challenge to develop better measurements of affordability due to the income disparity and housing inequality
in Beijing. In this study, a new measure of affordability is defined by residual income. Therefore, a minimum required budget
for a family to purchase a “standard” unit is deduced by accounting for the basic necessities and financial loans. This paper
also discusses the deficiencies of the implemented “Economic Housing Plan” on bridging the housing affordability gap.
相似文献
Zan YangEmail: |
11.
Godfrey Hampwaye 《Urban Forum》2008,19(2):187-204
The aim in this article is to examine the example of LED planning in Zambia, a country which post-2000 has been experiencing
a modest expansion of decentralization. More specifically, the paper draws from a range of primary sources of information
to discuss the development of planning for LED in Lusaka, Zambia’s capital city. It is argued that whilst there has occurred
a growth of planning around LED in Lusaka, implementation has been limited due to a number of factors, including capacity
constraints and finance.
相似文献
Godfrey HampwayeEmail: |
12.
Christian M. Rogerson 《Urban Forum》2008,19(3):307-328
Since the release in 2006 of a national coordinated framework, a new policy maturity has emerged in South Africa around the
planning of local economic development (LED). In this article, key issues are explored for the consolidation of LED as an
important aspect of development planning in postapartheid South Africa. Five significant themes are identified as central
to the consolidation of LED, namely, the linkages of LED within wider spatial planning frameworks, learning good practices for LED especially in terms of cluster
development, data issues and the identification of competitive advantage, the appropriate role of LED in the context of ‘the
urban future’, and capacity challenges facing LED.
相似文献
Christian M. RogersonEmail: |
13.
Godfrey Hampwaye 《Urban Forum》2008,19(4):347-361
Against a background of the expansion of decentralisation across sub-Saharan Africa and widespread debates concerning the
benefits associated with decentralisation, this article analyses the example of Zambia. The paper highlights the “limits”
or constraints affecting the success of decentralisation. From detailed research in Ndola, attention is drawn to several issues
surrounding the council’s inadequate human resource base as well as critical funding constraints which impact upon public
service delivery.
相似文献
Godfrey HampwayeEmail: |
14.
This study examines inter-generational occupational class mobility amongst blacks (Africans and coloureds) in the Mitchell’s
Plain Magisterial District in Cape Town, South Africa. The results of the Khayelitsha/Mitchell’s Plain Survey conducted in
2000 serve as the main source of data. We show that middle-class occupational origins do not necessarily guarantee the transmission
of advantage from one generation to the next. The findings revealed that there is a churning effect at work with respondents
experiencing upward occupational class mobility due to the changing occupational structure, which at the same time is counteracted
by considerable downward occupational class mobility. This result is partly due to (1) the particular class structure of the
Mitchell’s Plain Magisterial District, which excludes many middle-class black areas and therefore has a more working-class
character and (2) the precarious character of the black middle class, which is concentrated in low-paid nursing and teaching
occupations.
相似文献
Charlton Ziervogel (Corresponding author)Email: |
Owen CrankshawEmail: |
15.
Enabling the making of home is central to the practices of housing, but constructing home is more than building adequate shelter.
It is about establishing, nurturing and managing social relationships and bringing together spaces, objects and elements to
represent and celebrate desired relationships, events and memories. Drawing on empirical data from Sri Lanka and Colombia,
this paper examines in detail the practices of home-making in low-income settlements. By focussing on people’s conceptions
of home and by identifying key social and societal practices, the paper offers insights into the processes of home-making
among ordinary dwellers in developing countries and calls for culturally sensitive and holistic housing interventions which
support and complement these processes.
相似文献
Peter KellettEmail: |
16.
Reena Tiwari 《Urban Forum》2008,19(3):289-306
The way in which we perceive various spaces in the city and the way our bodies inhabit them affects the way we conceive the
city. Hence, there are links between methods of seeing, inhabiting and representing the city and the manner in which they
are designed. Yet, as Lefebvre has suggested, architects and planners have often ignored the way these spaces are read and
inhabited or lived. By ignoring the lived aspect of space, the role of the user in constructing and representing or mapping
the city space is completely overlooked. This article discusses rhythm analysis as a technique for constructing experiential
maps by using a case study of Varanasi, which is an Indian city seeped in traditions and where one can find an intense relationship
between user’s body, space and its representation.
Reena Tiwari is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Architecture at Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia. 相似文献
Reena TiwariEmail: |
Reena Tiwari is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Architecture at Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia. 相似文献
17.
Carla Marchese 《The Annals of Regional Science》2006,40(4):875-885
In this paper, it is shown that integrated tariffs can be used to extract the consumer’s surplus when there are a lot of connections supplied so that the law of large numbers applies in the estimation of the consumer’s willingness to pay. The time validity limitations of tickets are explained by a nonlinear pricing approach. Links between optimal pricing in local public transport and network characteristics are highlighted.
相似文献
Carla MarcheseEmail: |
18.
Wouter P. C. van Gent Sako Musterd Wim J. M. Ostendorf 《Journal of Housing and the Built Environment》2009,24(3):357-368
Current Dutch urban policy has opted for a focused approach to solve urban social problems. The Minister of ‘Housing, Neighbourhoods
and Integration’ aims at tackling social deprivation and liveability problems in a limited number of neighbourhoods. Several
assumptions underpin the policy ambitions: e.g., a strong interrelationship between social deprivation and liveability; a
clear social and spatial divide in Dutch society; and extra negative effects of problem accumulation. In this paper, these
assumptions are tested. It is concluded that the two types of problems are in fact unrelated; targeting a limited number of
neighbourhoods does not effectively address social deprivation. Furthermore, there is yet insufficient research to support
the idea that there would be extra negative effects associated with an accumulation of social deprivation and liveability
problems.
相似文献
Wim J. M. OstendorfEmail: |
19.
Martin Lux Petr Sunega Peter Boelhouwer 《Journal of Housing and the Built Environment》2009,24(3):249-269
The goal of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the new housing policy in the Czech Republic as an example of
a transitional society after the collapse of communism. The first part provides a brief history of the housing policy dating
back to 1918. The second part presents the results of empirical tests of effectiveness (or equity) of selected housing subsidies
applied during the transition. As in other transitional countries, the considerable decrease in the financial affordability
of housing after 1989 demanded an active housing policy. Housing subsidies, whether direct or implicit, were, however, often
not well targeted. The economic subsidy from rent regulation, tax relief and housing allowances are especially assessed here.
相似文献
Peter Boelhouwer (Corresponding author)Email: |
20.
In this paper two models are developed in an attempt to elucidate the factors that influence the regional distribution of R&D labor across the regions of Greece. The first one is based on an adaptation of the [Guerrero and Seró (1997) Regional Studies 31:381–390] model to the Greek context treating the regional distribution of R&D labor as a function of the extent of agglomeration and the prevailing economic conditions. The second model extends the first one by taking into account two additional factors, viz. the production structure and infrastructure. The econometric results indicate the superior performance of the extended model in the context of Greece as well as attribute the location of R&D labor mainly on the diversification of industrial activity and the number of establishments in innovation-intensive sectors. It is therefore suggested that the stimulation of the regional production structure and infrastructure is essential for ‘knowledge-lagging’ regions.
相似文献
Dimitrios Tsagdis (Corresponding author)Email: |