碳纳米管改性锰酸锂电化学性能的研究

以多壁碳纳米管(Multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWCNTs)为主要添加相,协同超导乙炔炭黑(SP),对锰酸锂进行电化学改性。对MWCNTs进行预处理,采用扫描电子显微镜观察MWCNTs的微观形貌。掺杂不同质量比的导电剂,制成电池并以恒流充放电方法测试其电化学性能。结果表明,碳包覆后电池的初始充放电比容量都有所下降,掺入1%(质量分数,下同)MWCNTs后的LiMn2O4的首次充放电效率为96.51%,不可逆容量最小,初始放电比容量为116.42mAh/g,经20次循环后容量保持率仍达96.2%,使用复合碳源掺杂时,当m(MWCNTs)∶m(SP)=1∶2时,首次充放电效率达96.67%,不可逆容量最小,初始放电比容量为119.37 mAh/g,且掺杂2%MWCNTs的效果要略好于掺入2%SP。     

钴镍掺杂锰酸锂的电化学性能研究

采用固相烧结法分别制备了钴掺杂和镍掺杂锰酸锂锂离子电池正极材料,同时制备了纯相锰酸锂进行比较.用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、电子扫描电镜和电池性能测试系统对产物的组成、结构特征、微观表面形貌和恒流充放电性能进行了表征.结果表明:所制备的掺杂锰酸锂LiMn0.9 Ni0.1O2、LiMn0.9 Co0.1O2的结晶度高,无杂质相,材料颗粒的粒径均匀、表面光滑;首次放电比容量分别为114.7mAh/g和110.8mAh/g(0.5mA/cm,2.8~4.4V,vs.Li+/Li);50次循环后,放电比容量为107.2mAh/g和103.3mAh/g,50次循环比容量保持率分别达到94.1%和95.4%.     

锌掺杂正极材料尖晶石LiMn_2O_4的制备及电化学性能

为改善锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的电化学循环性能,以乙酸锂、乙酸锰和乙酸锌为原料,采用固相法制备了LiMn2-xZnxO4(x=0.02、0.04、0.06),并与未掺杂的LiMn2O4进行性能比较。X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明所制备的LiMn2-xZnxO4具有与LiMn2O4同样的尖晶石结构,锌的掺入细化了尖晶石颗粒,增强了Li+在固相中的扩散能力。电化学测试结果显示锌掺杂能抑制LiMn2O4的电化学容量衰减现象,使其循环性能得到显著提高。其中LiMn1.96Zn0.04O4表现出最佳的循环性能,循环20次后放电容量可保持在106.6mAh/g。     

石墨烯改性富锂镍钴锰酸锂正极材料的制备及表征

作为一种新型层状材料,富锂镍钴锰酸锂具有良好的应用前景,然而其存在一定的结构缺陷和性能差异。尝试使用石墨烯对富锂镍钴锰酸锂材料进行改性,得到性能优良的锂离子电池正极材料,并采用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜等谱学技术以及恒电流充放电技术对改性后的材料进行了表征与测试。结果显示,该材料粒径较小且分布均匀,具有良好的充放电比容量(分别为251.7mAh/g和164.5mAh/g),和优良的循环稳定性。     

溶胶-凝胶法合成锂离子电池正极材料LiMn_2O_4

以醋酸锰、硝酸锂为原料,采用乙二胺四乙酸-柠檬酸(EDTA-CA)络合法,制备了正尖晶石型LiMn2O4超细粉末晶体。应用TG-DSC,XRD,CV及恒流充放电测试等手段对前躯体及LiMn2O4粉体进行性能表征,确定了其最终的合成温度为600℃。常温下,组装成半电池,初始放电容量为120.2mAh/g,循环50次后容量保持在70%左右。     

AC+Li（NiCoMn）O2/Li4Ti5O12+MWCNTs混合型电容器EI北大核心CSCD

以钛酸锂(Li 4Ti 5O 12)/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)复合材料为负极、活性炭(AC)/镍钴锰酸锂(Li(NiCoMn)O 2)复合材料为正极,组装成混合型电容器并研究其电化学性能。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线衍射仪(XRD),拉曼光谱仪(Raman),热重分析仪(TGA)对电极材料进行分析,通过恒流充放电(GCD)和交流阻抗谱(EIS)研究混合型电容器的电化学性能。结果表明:掺杂适量MWCNTs和镍钴锰酸锂可提高电容器的电化学性能。当MWCNTs质量分数为5%时,在电流密度为0.1 A/g下恒流充放电时比容量达161.5 mAh/g。在0.1~1 A/g时,最大功率密度和最大能量密度分别为993.2 W/kg和52.2 Wh/kg。5000周次恒流充放电循环后,容量保持率在92.2%左右,库仑效率仍有99.1%,展现出较高的能量密度和功率密度,并具有优异的循环性能。     

镍铬复合掺杂尖晶石锰酸锂的合成与性能研究

采用高温固相合成法制备了LiMn2O4、Ni和Cr以及Ni-Cr复合掺杂的锂离子电池用锰酸锂正极材料.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射和充放电性能测试等手段研究了材料的形貌、物相和电化学行为.结果表明:掺杂改善了材料的形貌,稳定了材料的结构.样品LiMn1.85Ni0.075Cr0.075O4的表面光滑,粒度分布范围小,为单一的尖晶石结构的物相.其首次放电容量为81.2mAh/g,300次循环后容量保持率为首次的91%,表现出优异的循环性能.     

锰酸锂表面改性提高循环性能的研究进展

尖晶石型LiMn2O4正极材料目前还存在初始容量较低、容量衰减快、高温性能差等问题。表面改性是一种常用的改性方法,它能有效地改善锰酸锂的性能。主要介绍了金属氧化物、含Li化合物、聚合物、金属、氟化物、氧化物玻璃以及一些含氧盐对锰酸锂的表面改性及对其循环性能影响的研究进展,概括了锰酸锂不同表面改性方法的优缺点,并提出了可行的改进方案。     

掺杂尖晶石型锂锰氧化物的合成与电化学性能研究

用液相法合成出掺锂、镍、钛的尖晶石锂锰氧化物.用FT-IR、XRD、XPS对合成的材料进行了表征,并研究了电化学性能.研究结果表明:掺锂、镍、钛样品在进行充放电时,在4V区域,其初始放电容量高达140.9mAh/g,循环性能明显好于纯尖晶石样品,主要原因可以归结于掺入的镍、钛离子替换了部分处于16d位置的锰离子,导致尖晶石晶胞出现收缩和锰的价态提高,从而抑制Jahn-Teller效应,提高了尖晶石结构的稳定性.     

高温固相合成锂锰氧正极材料LiMn0.9Mo0.1O2及其电化学性能测试的研究

利用高温固相分段加热法合成锂锰氧正极材料LiMn0.9Mo0.1O2,并对其进行了常温充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗、电镜扫描等电化学性能测试。在2.0～4.3V电压范围内,其首次充电容量为160mAh/g,放电容量为158mAh/g;经10次充放电循环后,其充电容量为156mAh/g,放电容量为155mAh/g(对极为锂片);经SEM检测,该正极材料主要为正交型锂锰氧化物。     

PMDA-ODA型聚酰亚胺炭/碳纳米管杂化膜的制备及气体分离性能研究

针对现有气体分离炭膜存在的渗透速率低等问题, 提出并设计在PMDA-ODA型聚酰亚胺前驱体中掺杂碳纳米管, 经高温热解后制备炭/碳纳米管杂化膜. 分别采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和气体渗透实验对炭/碳纳米管杂化膜的微观结构和分离性能进行表征. 实验结果表明, 在PMDA-ODA型聚酰亚胺前驱体中掺杂碳纳米管后, 碳纳米管与炭基体之间形成明显的“界面间隙”, 打破了原有炭膜中由乱层炭构成的无序微孔结构, 重新构建了杂化炭膜的孔隙结构. 与纯炭膜相比, 杂化炭膜的气体渗透速率大幅增加, 其中O₂的渗透速率增大接近4倍(达到1576 Barrer), 而O₂/N₂的分离选择性仅降低17%.     

功能化多壁碳纳米管负载铁离子改性双极膜的制备与表征

分别用未功能化的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)、羟基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-OH)、羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-COOH)、磺酸基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-SO3H)改性羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)-聚乙烯醇(PVA)/壳聚糖(CS)-聚乙烯醇双极膜(BPM)的阳离子交换膜层。采用力学性能分析、接触角测定、电流密度-槽电压曲线等对改性前后双极膜的性能进行表征,并测定了改性前后双极膜中Fe~(3+)的流失量。结果表明,经功能化多壁碳纳米管改性后,双极膜的亲水性和力学性能得到了显著提高。功能化多壁碳纳米管和Fe~(3+)对催化中间界面层水解离有协同作用,大大提高了中间界面层水解离效率,降低了双极膜的膜阻抗和槽电压。此外,改性后双极膜中Fe~(3+)的流失量有了明显的下降,从而保持了双极膜结构和催化水解离性能的稳定性。     

多壁碳纳米管/环氧有机硅树脂吸波涂层的介电和吸波性能研究

研究了不同直径和含量多壁碳纳米管填充环氧有机硅树脂吸波涂层在2~18GHz频率范围内的介电和吸波性能.可以得到吸波涂层的介电常数随着碳纳米管含量的增加而增大.当碳纳米管含量相同时,吸波涂层介电常数随着碳纳米管直径的增加而增大.当碳纳米管含量大于5wt%时,吸波涂层的介电常数在低频急剧增加,且随频率增大而减少,出现频散效应.反射率测试结果表明:当涂层中多壁碳纳米管含量为10wt%、厚度为2mm时,吸波涂层的最大吸收峰随碳纳米管直径的增大向低频移动.多壁碳纳米管填充环氧有机硅树脂吸波涂层的吸波性能在7~14GHz范围内可达到-10dB,具有较好的吸波效果.     

Preparation of porous chromium oxide nanotubes using carbon nanotubes as templates and their application as an ethanol sensor

Chromium oxide nanotubes were successfully prepared using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a template via a supercritical fluid-mediated route. In this method, with chromium (III) nitrate nonahydrate as precursor, chromium oxide was first deposited on MWCNTs in supercritical ethanol in the presence of NH(4)HCO(3). The as-prepared chromium oxide/MWCNT nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. It was demonstrated that the MWCNTs were coated with a layer of amorphous Cr(2)O(3)·xH(2)O. The thickness of the Cr(2)O(3)·xH(2)O sheath on MWCNTs could be tuned by manipulating the ratio of precursor to MWCNTs. Calcining the composites at 550?°C, the MWCNTs were removed, producing polycrystalline α-Cr(2)O(3) nanotubes. The as-prepared α-Cr(2)O(3) sample was used as a sensor material to detect ethanol vapor, and it was demonstrated that the α-Cr(2)O(3) nanotubes exhibited good performance even at 400?°C.     

High-efficiency microwave absorption performance of cobalt ferrite microspheres/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - In this article, spinel ferrite CoFe2O4 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composites are constructed by a facile one-step...     

Multi-walled carbon nanotube-based glucose/O2 biofuel cell with glucose oxidase and laccase as biocatalysts

This study describes a multi-walled carbon nanotube-based glucose/O2 biofuel cell with glucose oxidase and laccase as the anodic and cathodic biocatalysts, respectively. Upon being functionalized with L-a-phosphatidylcholine, one kind of lipid, multi-walled carbon nanotubes can serve as a support for glucose oxidase to form a three-dimensional, conducting and uniform bioanode that possesses a good bioelectrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of glucose biofuel with solution-phased ferrocene monocarboxylic acid as the mediator to shuttle the electron transfer between glucose oxidase and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. In a similar way, the lipid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes can also be used to support the cathodic biocatalyst, i.e., laccase, and, more remarkably, to facilitate the direct electron transfer of laccase. As a result, the prepared biocathode is very active toward the reduction of oxygen without using any electron-transfer mediators. The biofuel cell has a 0.45 V open circuit potential and 34 microA/cm2 short circuit current density in phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) separated with Nafion-117 membrane with anodic compartment containing 15 mM glucose and 2 mM ferrocene monocarboxylic acid and with cathodic compartment being saturated with O2 at room temperature. A maximum power density of 3.2 microW/cm2 is obtained with ca. 0.2 V potential output.     

纳米Fe2O3粒子修饰/填充碳纳米管的可控制备

为研究碳纳米管填充和负载的可控制备,通过沉积负载方法和湿化学填充法制备了不同负载率和填充率的碳纳米管,采用红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、高分辨透射电子显微镜和热重分析仪进行了结构表征分析.研究结果表明,负载率和填充率与C和Fe的比例有关.当C与Fe的质量比为4∶1或8∶1时,负载率分别为28.52%或16.17%,填充率分别为11.32%或9.43%.     

Eccentric compression stability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in an elastic matrix

This paper reports the results of an investigation on the eccentric compression stability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in an elastic matrix. Based on continuum modeling, a multilayer shell model is presented for the eccentric compression buckling of multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in an elastic matrix, in which the effect of van der Waals forces between two adjacent tubes is taken into account. The critical bending moment and the eccentric compression mode for three types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different layer numbers and ratios of radius to thickness are calculated. Results obtained show that the eccentric compression buckling mode corresponding the critical bending moment is unique, and is different from the purely axial compression buckling of an individual multi-walled carbon nanotube. For different types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the effect of matrix stiffness on the critical bending moment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes under eccentric compression loading is obviously different, and is dependent on the innermost radius and layer numbers of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The critical bending stress exerted on the center tubes of nearly solid multi-walled carbon nanotubes does not change as the ratio of the axial compression loading to the bending membrane force increases. The new features and meaningful numerical results in this paper are helpful for the application and the design of nanostructures in which multi-walled carbon nanotubes act as basic elements.     

Physical activation and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes catalytically synthesized from methane

A series of treatment processes were employed to purify and then physically activate the multi-walled carbon nanotubes obtained using catalytic decomposition of methane. In order to characterize and compare the activation effect, the carbon fibers were also treated by the same activation processes. The results showed that the normal physical activation by CO₂ or steam has not too much effect on the surface area of purified multi-walled carbon nanotubes, in particular, the carbon nanotubes were burned when using the poignant activation conditions. However, the surface area of carbon fibers availably etched in the same activation processes is much increased. In addition, the mechanisms of physical activation on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers have been investigated.