纳米AIN/石蜡复合材料的制备及相变传热特性

针对石蜡作为固-液相变储能材料存在导热系数小、传热性能差的缺点,采用熔融浸渍法配备纳米AlN/石蜡复合材料.通过XRD、DSC(TG)、SEM、闪光法对材料表观形貌和热性能参数进行测试.结果表明,纳米AIN的添加使石蜡的熔点略有降低,导热系数在35℃时达到最大值,之后急剧下降,复合材料相变潜热减小,但材料整体性能稳定.     

纳米铜粉／石蜡复合相变储能材料的性能研究

针对石蜡作为固一液相变储能材料存在导热系数小、传热性能差的缺点,利用两步法制备了分散均匀稳定的纳米铜粉／石蜡复合相变材料,并研究了其热物性能。研究表明,纳米铜粉的加入能略微降低石蜡相变储能材料的相变潜热,对相变温度的影响不大,但能有效提高石蜡相变储能材料的导热系数,且使纳米铜粉／石蜡复合相变材料具有较好的热稳定性。     

纳米铜粉/石蜡复合相变储能材料的性能研究

针对石蜡作为固-液相变储能材料存在导热系数小、传热性能差的缺点,利用两步法制备了分散均匀稳定的纳米铜粉/石蜡复合相变材料,并研究了其热物性能。研究表明,纳米铜粉的加入能略微降低石蜡相变储能材料的相变潜热,对相变温度的影响不大,但能有效提高石蜡相变储能材料的导热系数,且使纳米铜粉/石蜡复合相变材料具有较好的热稳定性。     

纳米铝粉/石蜡复合相变储能材料的性能研究

针对石蜡作为固-液相变储能材料存在导热系数小、传热性能差的缺点,采用两步法制备了分散性较好的纳米铝粉/石蜡复合相变材料,并对其热物性能进行了实验研究.研究表明,纳米铝粉的加入有效地提高了石蜡相变储能材料的导热系数,而对相变潜热和相变温度影响不大.     

膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料有效导热系数的数值计算

通过膨胀石墨粉与石蜡混合制备相变复合材料可有效提高该储能材料的传热性能。为研究膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的导热机制,提出了膨胀石墨粉与石蜡混合后的3尺度层次固体有效导热系数计算方法。然后,通过数值模拟计算得到了具有不同体积分数和不同导热系数的膨胀石墨导热颗粒的膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的有效导热系数。结果表明:膨胀石墨能够有效地提高石蜡的导热性能,当膨胀石墨的体积分数为10%时,膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的有效导热系数是纯石蜡的9倍。此外,提高底层尺度的石墨片与石蜡的混合程度及降低底层尺度石墨的体积分数都能有效提高膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的有效导热系数。所得结论为探究膨胀石墨粉提高相变复合材料导热系数的机理奠定了基础。     

纳米铜/石蜡复合相变蓄热材料的导热性能研究

采用HotDisk热分析仪测试了Cu/石蜡体系在不同纳米颗粒质量分数、温度和热循环次数下的导热系数。研究表明,Cu/石蜡体系的固、液态导热系数随纳米Cu颗粒含量的增加呈非线性增加;温度变化对相变材料导热系数的影响并不明显,但当温度升高至相变温度区间时,相变材料的导热系数急剧增加;复合材料在经历100次热循环后,材料的导热系数值仍较稳定。     

石蜡基碳纳米管复合相变蓄冷材料的热性能研究

针对石蜡导热系数低,传热性能差的缺点,采用向其中添加碳纳米管来改善其导热性能。实验制备了碳纳米管质量分数为1%、2%和5%的石蜡基复合相变材料,通过差示扫描量热仪和热传导系数仪研究了复合材料的相变性能,导热性能和稳定性。实验结果表明,随着碳纳米管质量分数的增加,复合材料的导热系数逐渐增大,相变焓有所减小。质量分数为5%的石蜡基碳纳米管复合材料相变温度为4~8 ℃,相变焓为137.6~142.7 kJ/kg,比纯石蜡下降了约18%,液态导热系数为0.28 W/(m?K),比纯石蜡提高了40%,稳定性较好,可作为蓄冷材料广泛应用于蓄冷系统。     

纳米石墨烯片/石蜡复合相变蓄热材料的热性质研究

采用两步法,通过磁力搅拌和超声振荡,制备了以纳米石墨烯片GnPs为导热增强相的纳米GnPs/石蜡复合相变蓄热材料。红外光谱分析结果表明GnPs与石蜡之间未发生化学反应,仅是简单的物理复合作用。差示扫描量热分析(DSC)表明,复合材料的相变温度几乎保持不变,但其相变潜热随纳米GnPs含量的增加呈降低趋势,在质量分数为1%时,熔化和凝固过程的相变潜热较纯石蜡分别下降约9.6%和10.1%。此外,复合材料的导热系数随GnPs质量分数增加而增加,在质量分数为2%时,导热系数相对提高率为34.2%,表现出良好的强化导热效果。     

石蜡基碳纳米管复合相变材料热性能的研究

针对石蜡作为相变材料的改进研究,将多壁碳纳米管(CNTs)作为导热增强剂增加石蜡的导热系数。实验制备了CNTs用量为0.02%(wt,质量分数,下同)、0.05%和0.1%的石蜡/CNTs复合相变材料,通过差示扫描量热仪及导热系数仪分别对复合材料的相变特性和导热系数进行表征和测量。实验结果表明,复合材料导热系数随着CNTs用量的增加而提高,相变焓先增加后减小,CNTs用量为0.1%时,相变焓为152.8~157.9kJ/kg,较纯石蜡有所降低但变化不大,导热系数为0.487W/m·K(固态)和0.262W/m·K(液态),较纯石蜡分别提高21.14%和29.06%,稳定性较好,展现了良好的导热性能。     

MPCMs/环氧树脂复合材料导热调温性能

目的 制备MPCMs/环氧树脂复合材料,研究石蜡相变微胶囊(MPCMs)对环氧树脂导热调温性能的影响.方法 采用共混法制备MPCMs/环氧树脂复合材料,对共混改性的复合材料进行导热、储热、调温及热稳定性能表征.结果 MPCMs/环氧树脂复合材料导热系数增大,为原来的4.91倍以上,相变潜热特性与MPCMs的质量分数成正比,有自我调节温度能力.结论 MPCMs/环氧树脂复合材料提高了环氧树脂的导热性能,保留了MPCMs的相变储热调温性能,热稳定性良好.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...