ZK60镁合金型材挤压过程有限元数值模拟

本文运用DEFORM-3D平台对ZK60变形镁合金型材挤压过程进行了数值模拟.分析了变形温度(T=300℃/350℃)、变形速度(V=2、5mm/s)对合金等效应变、等效应力、温度场以及变形载荷的影响规律.结果表明:温度对等效应力影响显著,变形温度从300℃升高到350℃,合金最大等效应力从75MPa降低到55MPa;变形速度对温升影响显著,挤压速度由2mm/s升高到5mm/s,合金最大温升由81℃升高到118℃.确定了ZK60合金在挤压比为25时,适宜的挤压温度为350℃,挤压速度应在5mm/s以下.     

Fe83Nb6B11非晶合金退火后的磁导率

研究了在不同温度（370～660℃）退火后Fe83Nb6B11合金的初始磁导率ui与温度T的关系。结果表明,退火温度Ta对ui～T曲线的开状有较大的影响。Ta=370℃,ui～T曲线出现尖锐的Hopkinson峰：Ta=420℃时,ui～T曲线尖锐的Hopkinson峰消失,但温度高于非晶居里温度时,ui迅速下降：Ta在460～660℃的范围内,ui随着Ta升高先以一定的斜率直线下降,降到非晶相的居里点后缓慢下降。分析了这三种类型的ui～T曲线对应的合金相结构、讨论了ui随T变化的原因及双相纳米晶合金中晶体相体积分数、剩余非晶相的磁特性及晶粒间的磁耦合作用对ui～T曲线形状的影响。     

坯料温度对AZ31镁合金反挤成形的影响

在300～400℃温度范围内,挤压比λ=5的条件下,对铸造态AZ31镁合金的反挤压成形进行了实验研究,分析了挤压变形力、挤压成形性以及组织性能的变化规律.实验结果表明:AZ31镁合金在300～400℃范围内反挤成形,随变形温度的升高,挤压变形力呈现下降的趋势;而△T(坯料温度的不均匀度)的增大,使得挤压件表面质量变差,外表面出现垂直于挤压方向的横向裂纹;随变形温度的降低,挤压件晶粒逐步细化,硬度上升.为AZ31镁合金反挤压变形温度的优化提供了基础.     

挤压温度对AZT802镁合金组织和性能的影响

将铸态AZT802合金分别在350℃、380℃和400℃下挤压,随后进行T5时效处理,研究不同挤压温度对AZT802镁合金挤压态和时效态组织和性能的影响。结果表明,当挤压温度为350℃时,晶粒尺寸分布不均匀,同时观察到大块的条状第二相沿挤压方向析出。当挤压温度高于350℃时,挤压态合金获得均匀等轴晶粒,第二相以颗粒状形貌沿晶界均匀分布。经T5时效处理后,颗粒状Mg_2Sn相均匀分布于基体中,Mg_(17)Al_(12)相以连续相和非连续相析出,非连续析出相随时效前挤压温度的升高而逐渐增多。力学性能测试结果表明,AZT802合金在380℃下挤压,并进行175℃(3h)T5时效处理后,获得最佳综合力学性能。     

Fe40Ni40P14B6合金磁导率与温度的关系

研究了晶化温度为423℃的Fe40Ni40P14B6非晶合金在200～450℃退火后弱场磁导率μi随温度T的变化.结果表明,退火温度Ta对μi～T曲线的形状有较大的影响.当退火温度Ta低于非晶合金的晶化温度时,μi～T曲线上出现了尖锐的Hopkinson峰,峰值对应的温度为230～265℃,峰的位置随着退火温度的提高而移向高温,说明非晶合金的结构弛豫导致非晶合金的居里温度发生变化.在350～400℃退火后,μi～T曲线在150℃附近出现另一个宽峰,并且在合金从室温至150℃的升温过程中μi线性增加.当Ta高于非晶合金的晶化温度时,表征非晶相居里温度的Hopkinson峰消失,在从室温至400℃的升温过程中磁导率保持较低值不变,超过400℃后随温度的升高,磁导率逐渐上升.解释了磁导率随温度变化的原因并讨论了μi～T曲线的特征与合金相结构的关系及μi～T曲线的实际意义.     

高磁感宽温区线性磁温度补偿合金研究

主要研究了FeNi系合金材料的磁温度补偿特性,分析了不同微量合金元素对磁性能的影响.并探讨了不同冷加工度、不同时效温度及不同磁场下合金的磁补偿性能.获得了线性度好、性能稳定可靠的新型磁温度补偿合金材料.典型磁性能为B20℃=0.824T、dB/dt=(-0.005～-0.003)T/℃,B值线性误差为±0.05T(-40～+80℃、H=7960A/m).     

ECAP法制备细晶ZK60镁合金的微观组织与力学性能

利用等通道转角挤压法(ECAP)制备出了细晶ZK60合金,通过金相组织观察,拉伸性能测试,EBSD和透射电镜(TEM)研究了不同挤压温度和挤压道次对合金组织与性能的影响.结果表明:ZK60镁合金在210～240℃温度范围内进行ECAP挤压能获得较好的晶粒细化效果;在240℃进行ECAP挤压时,随着挤压道次的增加,合金晶...     

一种含少量Zn、Mn的Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Zr合金的力学性能及微观组织

设计了一种含少量Zn、Mn的Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Zr合金，并研究了其拉伸性能及微观组织。结果表明：该合金的主要析出相为6（Al5Cu6Mg2）相、T1（A12CuLi）相及θ′（A12Cu）相。160℃／18h时效时，随固溶温度升高，θ′相减少，6相和T1相含量增加，合金强度提高。530℃／1h固溶后，随时效温度升至175℃时，6相及T1相增加，合金强度增大；时效温度进一步升高至190℃，T1相减少，合金强度降低，且随时效温度升高，合金塑性降低，其断裂方式由韧性断裂逐渐转变为复合断裂。     

反向挤压7075/SiCp复合材料中SiC颗粒 断裂失效的数值模拟研究

应用Deform-2D有限元软件,在挤压温度为300~450 ℃,挤压比为4~64,挤压速度为2~30 mm/s时,对喷射沉积7075/SiCp复合材料反向挤压过程中,SiC颗粒的转动与断裂失效进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明：在反向挤压过程中,SiC颗粒的转动是由基体合金的不均匀流动造成的;离中心轴线越远,流动不均匀性及SiC颗粒的转动倾向越大;基体的流动不均匀程度随挤压速度的增大和挤压比的升高而增大。在反向挤压过程中,SiC颗粒随基体运动不协调时,在较大应力作用下易发生断裂失效,且坯料外侧断裂失效分数大;当挤压比为4~25,挤压温度为400~450 ℃时,SiC颗粒断裂失效分数较小。当挤压比为16时,不同挤压温度下合理的挤压速度范围应控制在t=400 ℃、v<30 mm/s,t=425 ℃、v<20 mm/s,t=450 ℃、v<5 mm/s。     

界面反应对（Al18B4O33）w／ZL109复合材料冲击性能的影响

研究了（Ａｌ１８ｂ４Ｏ３３）（ｗ）ＺＬ１０９Ａｌ合金界面反应对冲击韧性的影响，结果表明，界面反应与挤压铸造温度密切相关，随挤压铸造温度的提高，界面反应程度增加，冲击韧性先升后降，７６０℃挤压铸造时，冲击韧性值最高，就冲击韧性而言，存在一个最佳的界面反应程度。     

12 vol%SiCP/2024Al基复合材料热挤压过程有限元模拟与分析

基于MSC.Marc软件平台,建立了含SiC_P体积分数为12%的SiC_P/2024Al复合材料热挤压轴对称刚-塑性热力耦合有限元分析模型。利用该模型对复合材料的热挤压过程进行模拟,分析了热挤压过程中的载荷-行程曲线和材料流动状态,讨论了模具温度及挤压速度对挤压载荷的影响。模拟结果表明,该坯料在挤压比为30∶1、挤压温度为400～450℃、挤压速度为0.1～1.0 mm/s、挤压载荷为4.0 ×106～5.0 ×106N之间能够顺利挤出表面无缺陷的复合材料棒材。最后通过在 700 t水压机上采用相同工艺挤出高质量的复合材料棒材验证该工艺的可行性。     

Development of a novel method for the backward extrusion

In this study, a new method of backward extrusion using small diameter billet is proposed. In this new process, the die setup consists of three main parts of the fix-punch, the moveable punch and the matrix. The fix-punch has been used to decrease the cross section of applied billet and finally reducing the total force of the process. To investigate the capability of this process, experimental and finite element (FE) methods were used. The results showed that the first advantageous of the new process is that the load is reduced to about less than a quarter in comparison with the conventional backward extrusion process. This higher reduction in the required force is due to reduce of the cross section of the initial billet. EF results showed that while needing lower loads, the applied plastic strain through the processed sample is about two times higher than that in the sample processed via conventional backward extrusion. This is the second advantageous of the process. Eventually, the most important advantages of the novel method of backward extrusion are the lower process force, imposing higher effective strain and a better strain homogeneity through the tube length. This new process is also very promising for producing ultra fine grained (UFG) samples because the higher level of shear strains.     

Effect of extrusion stem speed on extrusion process for a hollow aluminum profile

Extrusion stem speed is one of important process parameters during aluminum profile extrusion, which directly influences the profile quality and choice of extrusion equipments. In this paper, the extrusion process of a thin-walled hollow aluminum profile was simulated by means of the HyperXtrude commercial software. Through a serial of numerical simulation, the effects of stem speed on extrusion process, such as metal flow behavior at die exit, temperature distribution, extrusion force, and welding pressure, have been investigated. The numerical results showed that there existed an optimum value of stem speed for flow velocity distribution. With the increasing stem speed, the temperature of the extrudate and required extrusion force increased, and the welding quality of extrudate would be improved. Through comprehensive comparison and analysis, the appropriate stem speed could be determined for practical extrusion production. Thus, the research results could give effective guideline for determining initial billet and die temperature and choosing the proper extrusion press in aluminum profile industry.     

动态流量控制法挤出镁合金三维弯曲管件

为了开发新的弯管件加工工艺,提出了一种动态调整传统分流挤压模具中分流孔内金属流量(dynamic flow control extrusion,DFCE)的挤压变形方法.在带有辅助调控挤压杆的630 T卧式挤压机上挤出镁合金弯管件,采用OM、SEM、TEM、拉伸试验等方法,研究了DFCE制造的镁合金弯管件的晶粒细化方式、微观组织结构和性能.结果表明:在变形温度450℃、直管挤压速度3 mm/s、弯管挤压速度1.5 mm/s、辅助调控挤压杆速度30 mm/s时,成功挤出变形均匀的弯管件;挤压后的直管部分和弯管部分的晶粒尺寸分别为7.9和12.8μm,且合金晶粒大小均匀;弯管部分室温拉伸强度和屈服强度分别由217和124 MPa提高到296和179 MPa,延伸率由12.9%提高到26.2%.DFCE挤压变形可以显著细化AZ91镁合金晶粒,其挤压过程中晶粒细化机制为位错驱动和动态再结晶,机械性能较铸态大幅度提高,坯料和挤出合金的拉伸断口分别呈现为准解理断裂和韧窝断裂的特征.     

三孔双芯模挤压方管型材的金属流动行为分析

为了分析双芯模挤压铝型材时造成的流动不均匀以及模具结构对该类型材焊合质量的影响,采用DEFORM-3D有限元分析软件,对三孔双芯模挤压6005A铝合金方管型材的金属流动行为进行了分析.模拟结果表明,分流孔面积分布不均易造成方管型材镰刀弯缺陷,当中间分流孔与一侧分流孔的面积比值为0.93～1.03时,型材出口流速均匀、焊缝居中.焊合室高度为13～16mm时焊合良好、成形质量好.挤压力在坯料与焊合室底面碰触后急速上升,在突破模孔时达到最高值.型材出口温度受分流孔面积和焊合室高度影响较小,当坯料温度为480℃时,型材出口温度为546～548℃.在650吨卧式挤压机上进行了挤压实验,实验结果与仿真结果吻合.     

Fracture life prediction and sensitivity analysis for hollow extrusion dies

It has been reported in literature that extrusion dies most often fail by fatigue fracture. Experimental studies have shown that cracks pre‐exist in dies because of various factors including machining, heat treatment and surface hardening. High levels of repeated mechanical and thermal loads result in crack propagation leading to ultimate fracture failure. In an earlier work by the authors, a simplified approach of plate‐with‐edge‐crack was used to develop a fracture mechanics based fatigue life prediction model for tube dies. In the current work, extrusion die is modeled as a pressurized‐cylinder‐with‐internal‐crack, a more realistic approach for a hollow (tube) die. Stochastic nature of various fatigue‐related die parameters has been used to reflect their variability. Monte Carlo simulation has been performed to forecast fracture failure of extrusion dies under a given set of operating conditions and mechanical properties. Predicted mean‐time‐to‐failure is quite close to actual average extrusion die life data from the industry. Using tube die as a basis, fracture life of other hollow profiles can be estimated through their shape complexity values. Analysis has also been carried out to evaluate how sensitive fracture life of hollow extrusion dies is to material and process parameters. Major findings are that die life is highly sensitive to initial crack size, wall thickness, profile outer diameter and billet length; moderately sensitive to Paris constant and extrusion ratio; and only slightly sensitive to fracture toughness and ram speed. These results can contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors responsible for fracture failure of an extrusion die exposed to thermo‐mechanical fatigue environment.     

Predicting the variation of the exit temperature with the initial billet temperature during extrusion to produce an AZ31 profile

The extrusion process to produce a cross-shaped profile of a wrought magnesium alloy AZ31 was simulated to predict the exit temperature as a function of the initial billet temperature. Three-dimensional FE simulation revealed the evolutions of temperature and extrusion pressure during the process. The initial billet temperature was found to have a stronger influence on the breakthrough pressure than ram speed. It also played an important role in determining the exit temperature and the temperature rise during the process, especially when ram speed was high. At a given ram speed, the relationship between the temperature rise and the initial billet temperature was found to be linear. Such a relationship could be used as guidelines to optimize the extrusion process and to maximize its throughput.     

凹模转动挤压成形过程的有限元分析

降低能耗及提高制品性能是当前挤压加工技术领域的一个共性问题,采用数值模拟方法对转模挤压成形过程进行研究,结果表明:随着凹模转速的增加,塑性区范围显著地扩大,转速由0增加到0.314 rad/s时,挤出速度均值增大了1.5倍,成形载荷极值降幅达40%;当挤压速度由0.157 mm/s增大至0.628 mm/s时,挤压载荷峰值增大了38.6%,挤出速度均值增大了1倍.当其他条件不变时,应综合考虑挤压速度及凹模转速之间数值的合理匹配关系.     

卤化银多晶光纤热挤压成型的研究

采用热挤压法成型制备出卤化银多晶光纤．光纤端面扫描电镜形貌分析结果显示,挤压温度１２０～２１０℃,晶粒大小基本不变,晶粒尺寸１～２μｍ．挤压温度＞２１０℃后,随着挤压温度升高挤压压力降低,在２５０℃时晶粒尺寸５～１０μｍ,挤压温度的升高导致卤化银多晶光纤的晶粒长大,引起光纤散射损耗的增高．挤压模具中加入润滑剂可同时降低挤压压力和挤压温度,但引起光纤传输损耗的增加．