剪切增稠液体在防刺材料中的应用研究

制备出质量分数为22%的剪切增稠液体(STF)并对其稳态和动态流变性能进行研究,发现体系具有明显的剪切增稠现象,用"粒子簇"生成机理能较好地解释这种现象.用STF处理不同经纬密的芳纶,制备出STE-复合织物,并对其和纯芳纶织物进行准静态防刺试验.结果表明,剪切增稠液体的使用能够有效地增强芳纶织物的防刺性能,但经纬密小的...     

复配型剪切增稠液体对非织造织物防刺性能的影响

引入"复配"的概念,制备出不同复配方式的剪切增稠液体(STF),并将该复配型STF对超高分子量无纺布进行处理,通过对STF无纺布的复合材料进行扫描电镜形貌分析以及静态防刺实验,来对复合织物的防刺性能进行研究。主要阐述了不同分子量分散介质(PEG200、PEG600)复配后的剪切增稠液与无纺布织物复合后对复合材料防刺性能的影响,发现采用不同分子量分散介质较单一分子量分散介质的STF无纺布复合织物的防刺性能好,采用复配分散介质的方式对剪切增稠液体在防刺效果上有一定程度的改善作用,在同等单位质量的情况下,此复配方式可将复合材料的防刺性能提高7.13%。     

STF/UHMWPE柔性防刺复合材料制备工艺

通过将具有显著剪切增稠效果的剪切增稠液体(STF)与超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)进行复合制备得到柔性防刺复合材料。通过对STF/UHMWPE的复合材料进行扫描电镜形貌分析以及静态防刺实验,来研究该复合材料的防刺性能及其机理。重点研究不同稀释剂、稀释比对复合材料防刺性能的影响。研究结果发现,对于UHMWPE织物而言,在面密度相同下,水作为稀释剂的效果更优,当其稀释比为1∶2时防刺性能提高幅度最大,其顶破强力比未处理的提高了50.94%。     

剪切增稠流体增强尼龙纤维织物的防刺性能

研究了SiO2/PEG剪切增稠流体对尼龙纤维织物防刺性能的影响.研究结果表明,固相体积分数为10％的SiO2/PEG 400分散体系,具有典型的剪切增稠特性.经过SiO2/PEG 400剪切增稠流体处理的复合防刺纤维织物的防刺性能优于普通尼龙纤维织物.对纤维织物的显微损伤机制的研究表明,剪切增稠流体使尼龙纤维实现强化粘...     

剪切增稠液及其复合材料

剪切增稠液以其独有的剪切增稠效应引起了研究者的关注,以其为增强体开发的复合材料显著增强了基体材料的抗冲击性能。首先综述了剪切增稠液的基本性质、影响剪切增稠行为的因素、新型剪切增稠液体系和不同剪切增稠体系的增稠机理,然后概述了基于剪切增稠液制备的复合材料在防弹防割刺、抗冲击和夹层结构等领域的应用,并对其作用机理进行了阐述,最后展望了剪切增稠液及其复合材料的发展。     

剪切增稠液体的制备及其性能表征

研制了一种新型功能材料——剪切增稠液体（Shear thickening fluid，即STF）。采用溶胶凝胶方法制备纳米二氧化硅作为分散相，极性溶剂作为分散介质。用流变仪测量了二氧化硅质量分数分别为30％、40％、50％、60％和70％的体系稳态和动态粘度曲线，结果表明，在低剪切速率下，出现剪切变稀现象，在高剪切速率下，出现剪切增稠现象。从实验角度证明了剪切增稠的可逆性。并对不同固相含量的剪切增稠液体的性能进行了分析比较。     

不同分子量PEG对剪切增稠液体流变性能的影响

将两种不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG200,PEG600)作为剪切增稠液体的分散介质,按不同比例进行复配,制备剪切增稠液并在透射电镜中进行观察,同时对几种不同的剪切增稠液进行流变性能测试。比较了不同分子量的分散介质对剪切增稠液流变性能的影响,包括稳态流变性能以及动态流变性能。研究得出,分散相粒子质量分数相同的情况下,适当提高分散介质的分子量对剪切增稠液体的流变性能有积极的影响,在较小的冲击力下,STF体系便能发生剪切增稠效应。     

SiO2粉体粒径对Kevlar/STF复合材料防刺性能的影响

采用自制的不同粒径的SiO2粉体,利用球磨分散技术配制具有剪切增稠特性的SiO2/PEG200悬浮液流体(STF),并利用静态浸渍方法制备Kevlar/STF复合材料,研究了粉体粒径对流体体系流变性能和复合材料防刺性能的影响。结果表明,不同粒径SiO2粉体配制的悬浮液均具有明显的剪切增稠性能,当SiO2粉体质量分数相同时,流体体系的起始黏度、临界剪切速率、最大黏度均随着粒径的增大而减小。16层Kevlar/STF试样能防住24.0J锥体冲击,远远优于相同面密度的纯Kevlar试样,随着粒径的增加试样防锥刺性能提高。刀体冲击能量为13.0J时,Kevlar/STF试样的防刀刺性能优于相同面密度的纯Kevlar试样,随着粒径的增大试样被刺穿深度减小,主要表现为剪切断裂破坏。     

Effect of Si02 particle size on stab resistant properties of STF/Kevlar composites

采用自制的不同粒径的SiO2粉体,利用球磨分散技术配制具有剪切增稠特性的SiO2／PEG200悬浮液流体（STF）,并利用静态浸渍方法制备STF／Kevlar复合材料,研究了粉体粒径对流体体系流变性能和复合材料防刺性能的影响。结果表明,不同粒径SiO2粉体配制的悬浮液均具有明显的剪切增稠性能,当Si2粉体质量分数相同时,流体体系的起始黏度、临界剪切速率、最大黏度均随着粒径的增大而减小。16层STF／Kevlar试样能承受24．0J锥体冲击,远远优于相同面密度的纯Kevlar试样,随着粒径的增加,试样的防锥刺性能提高。刀体冲击能量为13．0J时,STF／Kevlar试样的防刀刺性能优于相同面密度的纯Kevlar试样,随着粒径的增大,试样的被刺穿深度减小,主要表现为剪切断裂破坏。     

浸轧压力对STF-Kevlar织物高速冲击性能影响研究

为研究浸轧压力对剪切增稠液体(STF)增强Kevlar织物高速冲击性能的影响,分别采用50 kPa, 100kPa, 200kPa的压力浸轧STF-Kevlar织物,并使用钛合金模拟叶片弹体开展打靶试验。研究结果表明:STF表现出明显的剪切增稠现象,增稠范围为169～1 500 s^-1,增稠比为56.4;Kevlar织物浸渍STF后,二氧化硅(SiO₂)纳米粒子均匀附着在纤维表面;浸轧压力的增加使STF-Kevlar织物的质量增加率降低;STF-Kevlar织物的能量吸收较纯Kevlar织物高29.4%,但其弹道性能指数(BPI)低于纯Kevlar;浸轧后STF-Kevlar织物的能量吸收高于纯Kevlar织物,但低于未浸轧STF-Kevlar织物;在100 kPa的浸轧压力下,STF-Kevlar织物的单位面密度吸收的能量最高;STF-Kevlar织物能量吸收的变化趋势与织物极限变形高度的变化一致。     

Optimal designing of soft body armour materials using shear thickening fluid

This paper deals with the optimal design of soft body armour materials by treating Kevlar (para-aramid) fabrics with silica nano-particle based shear thickening fluid (STF). Box and Behnken design of experiment (DOE) plan in conjunction with contour analysis has been used to study the effect of silica concentration, padding pressure and diluent: STF ratio (solvent ratio) on STF add-on% and impact energy absorption. Silica concentration, solvent ratio and square of solvent ratio were found to be statistically significant terms influencing the STF add-on% on Kevlar fabrics. On the other hand, silica concentration, padding pressure and the square of solvent ratio were the statistically significant terms influencing the impact energy absorption. Higher padding pressure enhances the impact energy absorption by the STF treated Kevlar fabrics although it does not influence the STF add-on% significantly. Higher STF add-on% is a necessary but not the sufficient condition for improving the impact resistance performance of Kevlar fabrics.     

静电植绒法处理多壁碳纳米管改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

为提高玻纤增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能,采用静电植绒法将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)附着在玻纤织物表面,得到改性的玻纤织物。利用一种低黏度的环氧树脂和所制得的改性织物,采用真空辅助成型工艺(VARI)制备了MWCNTs改性格玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板,表征了层合板的力学性能。对进行力学实验后的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料试样断口进行了SEM和OPM观察。结果显示:与未添加MWCNTs的玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板相比,添加了MWCNTs的层合板的拉伸强度降低了10.24%,弯曲强度降低了13.90%,压缩强度降低了17.33%,拉伸模量和弯曲模量分别提高了19.38%和16.04%,压缩模量提高了13%;MWCNTs与玻纤织物之间的结合较弱,在拉伸作用下,存在明显的脱粘和分层;将改性玻纤织物在200℃下热压处理2h后,制备的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的力学性能均有所提高,热压处理后树脂与玻纤织物之间的界面结合得到改善。     

Development of soft composite materials with improved impact resistance using Kevlar fabric and nano-silica based shear thickening fluid

The application of shear thickening fluid (STF) on Kevlar fabrics improves the impact energy absorption by the soft composite as the viscosity of the former increases drastically during impact. The influence of process parameters like padding (squeezing) pressure and silica concentration in STF on impact performance of Kevlar–STF soft composite has been investigated in this research. The impact energy has been measured by dynamic impact tester as well as by low speed bullet impact test using a 0.380 Caliber revolver. Higher STF concentration improves the impact energy absorption by the Kevlar–STF soft composite. Higher padding pressure reduces the STF add-on% on Kevlar fabrics making the composite lighter. However, the impact energy absorption by the Kevlar–STF composite increases with the increase in padding pressure due to better and uniform distribution of STF within the fabric and yarn structures. The beneficial effect of higher padding pressure on impact energy absorption was also verified by the low velocity bullet impact test. At optimum process conditions, the impact energy absorption by Kevlar–STF soft composite goes up by around 150% and 400%, depending on the type of Kevlar fabric.     

Numerical simulation of the impact behaviors of shear thickening fluid impregnated warp-knitted spacer fabric

The impact behavior of warp-knitted spacer fabrics (WKSFs) impregnated with shear thickening fluid (STF) under low-velocity impact loadings have been investigated from experimental and finite element analyses (FEA) approaches. From the experimental approach, the impact load–displacement curves have been obtained. It was observed that the WKSF impregnated with the STF composite material (the WKSF/STF composite) shows a higher stiffness and lower peak force than those of the WKSF under the same impact loadings. In FEA approach, the geometrical models of the WKSF and the WKSF/STF composite material were established based on the WKSF fabric architectures. The dynamic responses including the impact load–displacement curves and impact deformation of the samples were predicted based on finite element analyses at the microstructure level. It was found that the STF and the coupling effect between the STF fluid and fiber tows are the key factors which influence the cushioning behaviors of the composite. The energy absorption mechanisms include the buckling of the spacer finer tows and the thickening effect of the STF under impact loading. The WKSF/STF composite could be expected as a damping or energy-absorptive materials under impact loading.     

Stab resistance of shear thickening fluid (STF)-treated fabrics

The stab resistance of shear thickening fluid (STF)-treated Kevlar® and Nylon fabrics is investigated and found to exhibit significant improvements over neat fabric targets of equivalent areal density. Specifically, dramatic improvements in puncture resistance (spike threat) are observed under high and low speed loading conditions, while slight increases in cut protection (knife threat) are also observed. Studies on the effect of fabric architecture indicate that STF addition provides benefits analogous to the effect of increasing fabric yarn count, with STF addition primarily reducing the mobility of filaments and yarns in the impact zone. Microscopy shows significant energy dissipation in the damage zone that includes plastic flow of the polymeric filaments, as well as deformation of the filaments due to mechanical interaction with the colloidal particles of the STF. These results indicate that these novel materials could be used to fabricate flexible body armors that provide improved protection against stab threats.     

Mechanical properties of hybrid fabrics in pultruded cement composites

This work concerns the tensile properties of cement-based hybrid composites manufactured as: (i) sandwich composites that combine different layers of single fabric types; and (ii) hybrid composites, made from several yarn types within the same fabric. Hybrid combinations of low-modulus fabrics of polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) and high-modulus AR glass or aramid fabrics were prepared by the pultrusion process and tested in tension. Influence of pultrusion direction on the results was one of the parameters studied. It was found that hybrid composites made from PE and AR glass sustain strains better than 100% AR glass composites, and are stronger than a single PE fabric composite. A hybrid fabric composites made with combination of high strength–high cost aramid and low stiffness–low cost PP yarns performed better than a single aramid fabric composite relative to their reinforcing volume contents. Results show that making hybrid composites is an attractive option for cement-based elements. The performance of hybrid fabric composites is also influenced by the arrangement of fabric layers in the laminates. Composites with brittle and relatively strong fabrics (glass) at the mid-section and ductile fabrics (PE) near the surfaces of the composite performed better in tension than composites with the opposite arrangement.     

Effects of fabric parameters on the tensile behaviour of sustainable cementitious composites

The mechanical behaviour of fabric-reinforced composites can be affected by several parameters, such as the properties of fabrics and matrix, the fibre content, the bond interphase and the anchorage ability of fabrics. In this study, the effects of the fibre type, the fabric geometry, the physical and mechanical properties of fabrics and the volume fraction of fibres on the tensile stress–strain response and crack propagation of cementitious composites reinforced with natural fabrics were studied. To further examine the properties of the fibres, mineral fibres (glass) were also used to study the tensile behaviour of glass fabric-reinforced composites and contrast the results with those obtained for the natural fabric-reinforced composites. Composite samples were manufactured by the hand lay-up moulding technique using one, two and three layers of flax and sisal fabric strips and a natural hydraulic lime (NHL) grouting mix. Considering fabric geometry and physical properties such as the mass per unit area and the linear density, the flax fabric provided better anchorage development than the sisal and glass fabrics in the cement-based composites. The fabric geometry and the volume fraction of fibres were the parameters that had the greatest effects on the tensile behaviour of these composite systems.     

Low-velocity penetration damage of Kevlar woven fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid penetrated with different tups

Abstract

Low-velocity penetration damage behaviors of Kevlar woven fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid (STF) were investigated. Cone-shaped tup (CST) and hemispheric tup (HST) were employed to penetrate fabric/STF composites with the velocities of 1.5 m/s and 3.0 m/s under drop-weight tests. The fabric impregnated with 3:1 diluted volume ratio has the highest energy absorption and the lowest deformation. The peak load and energy absorption under HST penetration at 3.0 m/s are 2.0?kN and 36.7 J, which are higher than the CST penetration. Energy absorption increment under HST penetration at 3.0 m/s is 61.76% while 117.88% for CST penetration.     

Influence of Surface Modification on Tribo-Performance of Hybrid Glass/PTFE Fabric Composite with Phenolic Resin Binder

The fabric/phenolic composites with the pure and silanized hybrid glass/PTFE fabric were prepared by dip-coating of the hybrid glass/PTFE fabrics in a phenolic resin. The friction and wear performances of the resulting fabric composites were evaluated using pin-on-disc wear tester. The composition change of the glass fabric in hybrid glass/PTFE fabric after silanization was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The morphologies of the composite structures and the worn surfaces of the composites were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the fabric/phenolic composite with the β-aminoethyltrimethoxylsilane silanized hybrid glass/PTFE fabric can obtain the highest load-carrying capacity and the best wear-resistance, followed by the composite with γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane silanized hybrid glass/PTFE fabric. Chemical reactions have achieved as the hybrid glass/PTFE fabric was silanized with β-aminoethyltrimethoxyl silane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane, which contribute to strengthen the bonding strength between the fabric and the adhesive and hence to improve the tribological properties of the hybrid glass/PTFE fabric composites.