超分散剂对SF／PP木塑复合材料结构与性能的影响

以丁二酸酐、聚乙二醇、多乙烯多胺为原料，合成含柔性链段且具有两亲结构的水溶性超分散剂，研究了超分散剂对SF／PP木塑复合材料力学性能、热性能及微观结构的影响，探讨了复合材料的界面增容机理。实验结果表明，当超分散剂的用量为SF的5％（质量分数）时，复合材料的冲击强度达27．4kJ／m^2，弯曲强度达40．1MPa，比未经...     

超分散剂对剑麻纤维/长玻纤/聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

以自制超支化分散剂(HBD)为改性剂,制备剑麻纤维(SF)/长玻纤(LGF)/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,探讨超分散剂对SF/LGF/PP复合材料的力学性能、热性能、结晶性能的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察SF/LGF/PP复合材料的冲击断面形貌,分析纤维与聚丙烯树脂的界面相容性。实验结果表明,经HBD改性后的SF/LGF/PP复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度分别比未经分散剂改性的复合材料提高了35.2%和6%,复合材料的热稳定性、聚丙烯相的结晶速率和结晶度有所提高,HBD的加入使得复合材料的储能模量提高,损耗系数降低。     

含柔性链超分散剂对SF/PP木塑复合材料结构和性能的影响

以马来酸酐(MA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)等为原料,通过自由基共聚合成了含柔性链且具有两亲结构的水溶性超分散剂。研究了复合材料的力学性能、热性能、晶型结构和微观结构,探讨了复合材料的界面增容机理。结果表明,当超分散剂的用量为3%(质量分数,下同)时,复合材料的冲击强度达22.09 kJ/m2,比未经超分散剂处理的复合材料提高了40%,材料的结晶度也有所提高,但晶型仍以α-PP为主。     

剑麻表面处理对SF/PP木塑复合材料力学性能的影响

采用机械共混及模压成型工艺将剑麻纤维(SF)和聚丙烯(PP)共混制备SF/PP木塑复合材料,研究了不同SF处理方法及SF含量对复合材料力争}生能和微观结构的影响.实验结果表明,SF的处理方法和SF用量对复合材料界面的影响很大,经碱处理和分散剂处理的SF可改善木塑材料的界面相容性,提高材料的力学性能,其中经自制分散剂处理的SF制得的复合材料的冲击强度最大,随SF含量的增加先增后减,在SF含量为20%(质量分数)时达到22.09kJ/m2.     

SML超分散剂的合成及在复合材料中的应用

介绍了超分散剂对粉体改性机理,并合成了SML超分散剂,考察了其改性超细CaSO4粉体后的活化指数,同时探讨了SML超分散剂对PE/超细能的影响,最后通过SEM观察了复合材料断面形貌.结果表明,SML超分散剂优于F-2分散剂.在其用量为3%时,活化指数可达97%,复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度分别提高了28.7%、20.7%、4.9%.     

碱处理对SF/PP木塑复合材料力学性能的影响

采用不同碱处理浓度、处理时间对剑麻纤维(SF)进行表面改性,通过与聚丙烯树脂(PP)混合、塑炼、模压成型制备SF/PP木塑复合材料。研究了剑麻纤维(SF)表面的碱处理方法、含量对SF/PP木塑复合材料力学性能的影响,借助光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对SF纤维和复合材料的冲击断面进行微观结构分析。结果表明:碱处理能够提高SF/PP木塑复合材料的力学性能。在碱浓度为10%时,处理时间为4h,SF含量为20%时,冲击强度为15.78kJ.m-2达到最大值,弯曲强度和弯曲模量随着SF含量的增加出现增大的趋势。     

微电子封装中聚合物磁性材料的研制

将不同量的纳米三氧化二铁在分散剂等条件下与自制的聚酰亚胺复合,制成聚酰亚胺/纳米氧化铁复合材料,采用古埃法(Gouy's)、红外光谱(FTIR)、吸水性能测试、拉伸强度测试等手段,表征了材料的结构及特有的超顺磁性。结果表明,这种复合材料具有超顺磁性,而纯聚酰亚胺不具备,吸水率下降,拉伸强度好。     

化学发泡剂含量对秸秆纤维/聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响机理

目的 揭示发泡剂含量对微发泡注塑成型秸秆纤维/聚丙烯复合材料(SF/PP)密度及力学性能的影响规律,提供制备低密度高性能SF/PP材料的发泡剂用量工艺参考。方法 以偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)为化学发泡剂,制备了注塑发泡SF/PP,利用扫描电子显微镜、电子万能实验机和红外光谱测试等手段,分析了不同发泡剂含量下SF/PP的拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能、泡孔微观形貌和分布以及复合材料红外光谱图,通过实验对比分析了不同发泡剂含量下材料性能的变化规律。结果 当AC含量增加时,微发泡SF/PP的密度先降低后升高,冲击强度则先升高后降低,拉伸和弯曲强度为逐渐降低。当AC的质量分数为4%时,微发泡SF/PP的综合性能最佳,泡孔结构最好;微发泡(SF/PP)红外光谱图结果显示,在3420cm^-1处的—OH伸缩振动峰强度高于未发泡复合材料的,这表明秸秆纤维表面极性增大,秸秆纤维与树脂之间的结合性变差,导致微发泡SF/PP的拉伸强度低于未发泡材料的。结论 适当增加AC含量可使复合材料获得微小、致密的泡孔微观结构,降低材料密度,提升产品的力学性能;但当AC含量过多时,泡孔坍塌会使泡孔直径增大、泡孔结构...     

硅烷偶联剂处理对 SF/PP结构和性能的影响

采用熔融共混和注塑成型的方法制备了硅烷偶联剂处理的剑麻短纤维(SF)增强聚丙烯(PP)的复合材料,研究了SF表面偶联剂处理对复合材料的晶形结构、微观结构、热性能及力学性能的影响.结果表明硅烷处理削弱了SF在PP结晶过程中的异相成核作用,降低了SF/PP复合材料中PP相的结晶度、结晶温度和结晶速率;提高了复合材料中β-晶型PP的相对含量;增强了SF/PP的界面键合,显著提高了复合材料的冲击强度.     

聚丙烯/改性纳米二氧化钛复合材料的制备与性能

采用自制超分散剂对金红石型纳米二氧化钛进行表面处理,然后采用熔融共混的方法与聚丙烯(PP)进行共混制备纳米复合材料,研究了超分散剂用量及纳米二氧化钛用量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,超分散剂处理纳米二氧化钛的最佳用量为2%(质量分数);纳米二氧化钛填充PP的最佳用量为1.5%(质量分数);超分散剂对纳米二氧化钛具有明显的均匀分散效果;并且显著降低了复合材料的熔融黏度,改善加工性能;超分散剂处理的纳米二氧化钛填充PP具有明显的增强增韧作用。     

Chemical treatment of sisal fiber using alkali and clay method

In this study the chemical treatment of sisal fiber using the combined alkali (NaOH) and clay is discussed. The purpose of this fiber treatment is to improve the fiber–matrix compatibility, interface strength, mechanical, thermal and water barrier properties. The phase change due to chemical treatment of raw sisal fiber was examined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The result shows the presence of about 20 wt.% clays in NaOH–clay treated sisal fiber with 2.6× reduced water uptake and also with improved mechanical and thermal properties. Subsequently the treated and untreated fibers were reinforced in polypropylene (PP) matrix and the mechanical and thermal properties were examined. The result indicates that the fiber–matrix interface strength, adhesion, glass transition temperature and tensile properties of composites were improved in NaOH–clay treated fiber composites.     

Effects of filler treatments on the mechanical and morphological behavior of PP+wood flour and PP+sisal fiber

Composites were prepared from waste wood flour, sisal fiber and polypropylene (PP). The surface of the filler was modified to enhance the chemical affinity between hydrophilic cellulosic and hydrophobic polymer. The treatments studied were: a) The addition of a coupling agent; b) chemical treatment with NaOH; and c) the addition of functionalized polypropylene (Polybond 3150 and 3200). After treatment, mixtures of PP with 40% and 20% of the filler, wood flour and sisal fiber respectively, were extruded and injection molded. In the case of wood flour, a mixture of two particle sizes (mesh 20 and 40, 50% each) was used, and in the case of sisal, 10 mm long fibers were selected. Results showed that, regardless of the treatment to which the filler was previously submitted, Young’s modulus was always higher for mixtures prepared with wood flour, with values varying between 2839 and 3150 MPa. Whereas for mixtures with sisal fiber, the modulus’ values varied between 1704 and 2220 MPa. Values of breaking strength, elongation at break and impact strength for PP mixtures with treated sisal fiber were always higher than those for mixtures of PP with wood flour. Based on these results, we can conclude that sisal fiber is an organic filler which, due to its mechanical and morphological characteristics, has a reinforcing effect higher than that of wood flour. Received: 9 October 2000 / Reviewed and accepted: 10 October 2000     

Effect of flame retardants on flame retardant,mechanical, and thermal properties of sisal fiber/polypropylene composites

A flame retardant efficiency of flame retardants; ammonium polyphosphate (APP), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), zinc borate (Zb), and combination of APP with Mg(OH)₂ and Zb in sisal fiber/polypropylene (PP) composites was investigated using a horizontal burning test and a vertical burning test. In addition, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used as a compatibilizer to enhance the compatibility in the system; i.e. PP-fiber and PP-flame retardants. Thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of the PP composites were also studied. Adding the flame retardants resulted in improved flame retardancy and thermal stability of the PP composites without deterioration of their mechanical properties. APP and combination of APP with Zb effectively enhanced flame retardancy of the PP composites. No synergistic effect was observed when APP was used in combination with Mg(OH)₂. SEM micrographs of PP composites revealed good distribution of flame retardants in PP matrix and good adhesion between sisal fiber and PP matrix.     

Mechanical properties and flammability of sisal/PP composites: Effect of flame retardant type and content

In this research, magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) and zinc borate, as flame retardants, were incorporated into sisal/PP composites. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene was also used as a compatibilizer. Adding flame retardants into sisal/PP composites reduced burning rate and increased thermal stability of the composites. No synergistic effect was observed when both magnesium hydroxide and zinc borate were incorporated in the sisal/PP composites. In addition, the sisal/PP composites exhibited insignificant difference of shear viscosity at high shear rate indicating that types of flame retardants used in this study had no impact on the processability of the composites. Good distribution of flame retardants and sisal fiber in PP matrix was also observed. All PP composites had lower impact strength than the neat PP. However, the sisal/PP composites with the addition of Mg(OH)₂ and zinc borate exhibited comparable tensile and flexural properties to the sisal/PP composites without adding those flame retardants. Therefore, the addition of Mg(OH)₂ and zinc borate enhanced flame retardancy of sisal/PP composites without sacrificing their mechanical properties.     

化学处理和吸湿水对剑麻纤维及其与树脂界面性能的影响

使用KMnO₄、NaOH、阻燃剂、硅烷对剑麻纤维进行表面处理。采用单丝拉伸和微脱粘方法分别测试了剑麻纤维的拉伸性能及其与改性丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂的界面性能,考察了吸湿水对剑麻纤维表面形貌、拉伸性能及其与树脂界面粘结的影响,分析了相应的破坏模式。结果表明,经过表面化学处理后剑麻纤维的拉伸强度和模量均有不同程度的下降,其中经KMnO₄和硅烷处理后,纤维拉伸强度下降了44%,经NaOH处理后其拉伸强度降低了27%,阻燃剂处理对剑麻性能的影响不明显。表面化学处理还会降低剑麻纤维与改性丙烯酸酯的界面粘结强度,其下降的幅度与纤维拉伸强度下降程度不一致,阻燃剂处理的剑麻/改性丙烯酸酯的界面强度最低,仅为2.0 MPa,较未处理剑麻纤维复合体系下降了80%。经硅烷处理后,剑麻纤维的吸水率下降,吸水后其拉伸性能保留率高于未处理剑麻纤维。湿态条件下未处理剑麻纤维与环氧树脂的界面强度为6.6 MPa,高于硅烷处理剑麻/环氧树脂的界面强度,其断口形貌表明硅烷处理可导致微纤之间的弱粘结,从而降低了剑麻纤维自身及其与树脂的界面性能。     

Kenaf natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites: A discussion on manufacturing problems and solutions

As industry attempts to lessen the dependence on petroleum based fuels and products there is an increasing need to investigate more environmentally friendly, sustainable materials to replace existing materials. This study focused on the fabrication of kenaf fiber reinforced polypropylene sheets that could be thermoformed for a wide variety of applications with properties that are comparable to existing synthetic composites. The research done in this study has proven the ability to successfully fabricate kenaf–polypropylene natural fiber composites into sheet form. The optimal fabrication method for these materials was determined to be a compression molding process utilizing a layered sifting of a microfine polypropylene powder and chopped kenaf fibers. A fiber content of both 30% and 40% by weight has been proven to provide adequate reinforcement to increase the strength of the polypropylene powder. The use of a coupling agent, 3% Epolene enabled successful fiber–matrix adhesion. The kenaf–PP composites compression molded in this study proved to have superior tensile and flexural strength when compared to other compression molded natural fiber composites such as other kenaf, sisal, and coir reinforced thermoplastics. With the elastic modulus data from testing, it was also possible to compare the economic benefits of using this kenaf composite over other natural fibers and E-glass. The kenaf–maleated polypropylene composites manufactured in this study have a higher Modulus/Cost and a higher specific modulus than sisal, coir, and even E-glass thereby providing an opportunity for replacing existing materials with a higher strength, lower cost alternative that is environmentally friendly.     

剑麻纤维增强复合材料的研究进展

综述了剑麻纤维和剑麻纤维增强复合材料的结构和性能及其应用.对剑麻纤维的综述主要包括剑麻纤维概况及与其他纤维的比较、剑麻纤维的表面处理方法和表征;对剑麻纤维增强复合材料的综述主要包括剑麻纤维增强热塑性树脂、热固性树脂、橡胶、水泥和石膏等其他基体复合材料的研究.     

剑麻纤维增强胶原基复合材料

用戊二醛作交联剂对皮革下脚料中提取的胶原水解物进行交联改性,采用溶胀度表征了材料的交联程度。探讨了戊二醛用量、胶原蛋白浓度和丙三醇含量对材料溶胀度的影响,并使用红外光谱对交联产物进行了表征。以改性胶原蛋白为基体、剑麻纤维为增强相,制备了剑麻纤维/胶原蛋白复合材料。用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的形貌进行了表征,探讨了剑麻纤维的表面处理、纤维含量以及长度对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,对剑麻纤维表面进行碱处理可以改善纤维的表面结构,增加纤维与基体的界面粘结,提高复合材料的力学性能。当剑麻纤维质量分数为15 %、纤维长度为 7～8 mm时,复合材料具有较好的力学性能。该复合材料可望在包装垫隔材料方面得以应用。      

Influence of fiber length on the mechanical properties of wood-fiber/polypropylene prepreg sheets

Natural fiber based composites have the potential to improve the mechanical properties of plastics while reducing the cost and weight. This study shows a practical method of blending natural-fiber with polypropylene to form a mat and then consolidated into a sheet by hot pressing. The natural fibers assessed were Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus regnan high temperature thermomechanical pulps and sisal (Agave sisalana) fibers. The tensile strength was shown to decrease with an increase in fiber content, while the tensile modulus was shown to increase. Tensile and flexural modulus were positively influenced by fiber length. The water performance tests of the sheets generally showed approximately 20% weight gain and approximately 3% thickness swell at 30% fiber content. The natural fiber surface chemical composition was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and shown to be primarily covered with hydrophobic material such as lignin and extractives, while polypropylene was shown to be partially oxidized. Received: 18 September 2000 / Reviewed and accepted: 20 September 2000