薄壳目标的多基地声散射特性研究

文章对水中薄壳目标的多基地声散射特性进行了理论仿真与试验测量研究。首先采用有限元耦合边界元和基尔霍夫(Kirchhoff)近似积分两种不同的数值计算方法对内部充气球冠圆柱壳的多基地声散射特性进行建模仿真,然后通过目标在消声水池的散射声场试验测量验证仿真结果的有效性。采用相同的数值计算方法对Benchmark模型的多基地散射声场进行仿真计算,分析多基地(全向)声散射特性及散射机理。结果表明,水中目标多基地散射的回波强度与回波结构与多基地分置角相关,且回波亮点的主瓣宽度也随多基地分置角变化而变化;Benchmark模型的艇体和指挥舱之间存在强烈的干涉作用,使多基地(全向)散射声场的竖状条纹发生倾斜。研究为水下目标的多基地探测提供理论支持。     

深海波导中目标低频声散射特性研究

针对深海环境中目标的主动探测问题,建立了深海波导中目标低频声散射仿真的简正波耦合边界元理论模型。首先仿真了深海波导中Munk声速剖面条件下的声传播特性,然后根据深海波导中的声传播特性,仿真计算了声源位于不同深度时,波导中目标低频散射回波强度随声源与目标之间水平距离变化的特性。仿真结果表明,当声源深度为100 m(近海面)与1 400 m(声道轴)时,受完全声道的影响,在会聚区附近范围内散射回波强度较大;声源深度为4 900 m(近海底)时,受直达波与一次海面反射波的影响,在中近距离(小于40 km)范围内散射回波强度较大;对于接收水听器而言,置于临界深度以下时主动探测的距离更远。     

浅海目标特性的动态模拟

基与亮点模型[1],本文推导了浅海多途环境中目标声散射回波传递函数的表达式,给出潜艇近场声散射回波随着海况、声源的相对速度、距离、方位角变化的动态模型.     

水下刚性角反射器散射特性

为了分析水下角反射器的声散射特性,提出了一种计算水下凹面目标散射声场的方法。采用ANSYS软件构建水下角反射器实体模型,再利用声学分析软件SYSNOISE对其远场散射声场进行仿真。计算了二面角反射器的目标强度,并与声束弹跳法和板块元法的计算结果进行对比,验证了该方法的适用性和精确性。对三面角反射器的散射特性进行了分析,得到了不同声波入射角度下的目标强度、目标强度随频率的变化规律以及散射方向图,结果表明,正方形角反射器的目标强度最大,三角形角反射器的散射宽度最大,角反射器目标强度不存在明显的频率效应。计算了八面角反射体的方向图,计算结果表明角反射器组合可以有效增大目标强度和散射宽度。     

声诱饵对尺度目标的回波模拟方法

潜艇回波可以等效成若干个散射亮点回波相干迭加的结果,现代声自导鱼雷基于这一物理事实,通过辨识目标尺度来识别真假目标。提出使用具备数据通信能力的多个点源声诱饵,通过信息交互实现各声诱饵回波发射延时的有序控制,实现对尺度目标的多亮点回波模拟。具体仿真算例表明,该方法对利用方位走向特征和声成像进行目标尺度识别的鱼雷具有对抗效果。     

靶雷目标尺度和亮点模拟效果分析

新型靶雷具有目标尺度和亮点模拟功能.本文首先简要介绍了靶雷的声学模拟特征,阐述了目标尺度和亮点模拟效果检测方法.采用多波束测量模拟目标的覆盖扇面角,通过计算获得目标的模拟尺度和回波亮点强度.提供了湖上部分测试结果,并对结果进行了分析.结果表明该型靶雷目标模拟效果逼真,模拟方法可行,检测手段合理.     

靶雷目标尺度和亮点模拟效果分析

新型靶雷具有目标尺度和亮点模拟功能.本文首先简要介绍了靶雷的声学模拟特征,阐述了目标尺度和亮点模拟效果检测方法.采用多波束测量模拟目标的覆盖扇面角,通过计算获得目标的模拟尺度和回波亮点强度.提供了湖上部分测试结果,并对结果进行了分析.结果表明该型靶雷目标模拟效果逼真,模拟方法可行,检测手段合理.     

利用Radon-Wigner变换的空间目标测距算法

针对雷达对运动目标的测距问题,根据运动目标在宽带线性调频脉冲照射下的回波特点,提出了一种采用Radon-Wigner变换进行运动目标测距的方法。该方法首先研究了运动目标多散射点回波信号经Stretch处理的数学模型,然后针对处理后回波的叠加性和线性调频特点,利用Radon-Wigner变换的时频聚集特性,对其进行调频参数的估计,进而实现匀速运动目标的测距。仿真结果表明,该方法对运动目标的测距是有效的。     

基于板块元的水面舰船远场声目标强度预报方法

提出了一种基于板块元的水面舰船水下远场声目标强度数值预报方法,首先根据水面舰船水下船体及附体的型线进行等效建模,采用板块元方法进行网格划分,建立了水面舰船特有的复杂附体二次反射、海面散射效应的数值模型,将各板块元的声散射视为一种"滤波",各板块元的散射声传输函数具有不同幅度、相位、时延,将其叠加之和进行反傅氏变换后,获得水面舰船波形级的远场声目标强度及方位分布特征。通过分析比较典型声呐探测信号下水面舰船的声目标强度,验证了该方法的有效性,为优化与控制水面舰船目标强度,分析水面舰艇水声对抗的作战效能提供了物理依据。     

基于多波束系统的水下目标近程回波亮点声图像

模拟多波束系统,仿真得到了水下目标的二维回波亮点声图像。先采用小分置角双基地目标回波特性计算的近场板块元方法,计算得到水下目标的传递函数。再根据多波束系统的理论,建立了水下目标回波亮点二维声图像的基本框架,实现了水下目标回波亮点二维声图像仿真。最后得到了水下目标不同方位角情况下近程二维回波亮点的声图像。     

Scattering-induced changes in the degree of polarization of a stochastic electromagnetic plane-wave pulse

The scattering of a stochastic electromagnetic plane-wave pulse on a deterministic spherical medium is investigated. An analytical formula for the degree of polarization (DOP) of the scattered field in the far zone is derived. Letting pulse duration T(0) → ∞, our formula can be applied to study the scattering of a stationary stochastic electromagnetic light wave. Numerical results show that the DOP of the far zone field is closely determined by the size of the spherical medium when the incident field is a stochastic electromagnetic plane-wave pulse. This is much different from the case when the incident field is a stationary stochastic electromagnetic light wave, where the DOP of the far zone field is independent of the size of the medium. One may obtain the information of the spherical medium by measuring the scattering-induced changes in the DOP of a stochastic electromagnetic plane-wave pulse.     

Transverse electric scattering by a dielectric biconvex cylinder loaded with a shallow circular trough in a ground plane

The scattering problem of transverse electric wave from a dielectric biconvex cylinder buried in a shallow circular trough of a ground plane is investigated and a rigorous series solution is also derived. Based on the region-matching method, the analysed region is decomposed into two subregions by introducing a semi-circular auxiliary boundary. The magnetic field of each subregion is expressed in terms of cylindrical wave functions with unknown expansion coefficients. After imposing the matching conditions and the boundary condition on the trough surface with the aid of Graf's addition theorem, the unknown coefficients are determined. Comparisons with published data for a dielectric circular cylinder case show very good agreement. Visible effects of depth-to-half-width ratios of a dielectric biconvex cylinder on echo width, far- field pattern and near-field distribution are illustrated in graphical form.     

Light scattering by a coated infinite cylinder in an absorbing medium

The scattering formulation for a coated infinite cylinder in an absorbing medium is presented in this paper. The cylinder is subjected to an arbitrarily polarized plane wave propagating in a general direction at the cylinder. The refractive index and magnetic permeability of the host medium, as well as those for the core and coating of the cylinder, can be real or complex. The scattering and extinction efficiencies and the scattering amplitudes are derived for both the near field and the far field. As the medium is absorbing, the "true" extinction and scattering efficiencies are derived based on the radiative energy outflow at the surface of the cylinder. The radiative efficiencies in the far field are denoted as "apparent" properties because they include absorption by the intervening medium. The influence of the refractive index and permeability of the host medium on the scattering properties of a coated cylinder is illustrated by numerical examples.     

某小型潜航器的声散射特性研究

运用目标回声强度预报的板块元方法,研究某小型潜航器的水下回声特性.计算并分析了入射波频率和方位对其声散射特性的影响规律;利用板块元法得到的散射特性,根据频域间接法仿真出水下声成像结果;完成外场试验,将试验结果与计算结果进行对比,吻合较好.研究表明潜航器中的桅杆结构对其散射有较明显影响.     

Infinite boundary elements for electromagnetics

Consider a two‐dimensional plane wave transverse magnetic mode scattering from a perfectly electric conducting ground plane. Let the ground plane be of infinite extent and comprise two regions, a near field and a far field. In the far field, let the ground plane be flat and let us choose the co‐ordinates (x, y) such that it lies on the axis y=0. Over the interior region, let the profile of the ground plane change such that it can lie partially above and also partially below the axis y=0. Finally, let us assume that the source of the excitation lies above the ground plane. To model this general class of problems, a method of moments electric field integral equation formulation is proposed which uses infinite boundary elements to model the far field and boundary elements to model the near field. In the far field, the field variable is approximated by the highest order terms in the far‐field asymptotic expansion. The integrals over the infinite boundary elements are infinite in extent and contain oscillatory terms and hence require special integration rules. The formulation is tested for the specific problem of a semi‐circular cylindrical protrusion of radius a lying above an infinite flat ground plane, such that ka=1 where k is the wave number. This problem is chosen because it has an analytic solution in the form of a Bessel function expansion; hence, the accuracy of the formulation can be tested. In particular, the radar cross section results for various angles of incidence of the plane wave source are calculated and compared with analytic results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

焦区附近球形粒子对高斯光束的弹性散射

本文应用复源球面波理论,将高斯光束场按矢量球波函数展开,对高斯光束入射到单个球形粒子上时的弹性散射问题进行了理论分折。并对球形粒子在波束传播轴上时的远场散射光强角分布进行了数值计算,同时还与平面波散射的结果进行了比较。     

Scattering of electromagnetic waves by a coated not perfectly conducting sphere

We consider the low-frequency scattering problem of a plane electromagnetic wave by a sphere, which is covered by a penetrable concentric spherical shell. The medium, occupying the shell, is lossless while on the surface of the core an impedance boundary condition is satisfied. The impedance boundary condition was introduced by Leontovich (Investigations of Radiowave Propagation. Part II, Academy of Science, Moscow, 1948) and it accounts for situations where the obstacle is not perfectly conducting but the exterior field will not penetrate deeply into the scatterer. For the near electromagnetic field we obtain the low-frequency coefficients of the zeroth and the first orders while in the far field we derive the leading non-vanishing terms for the scattering amplitude and the scattering cross-section. Spherical coated obstacles are very important in applications. Small particles in biological suspensions, cells, some human organs, atmospheric particles and granules within composite materials are only a few examples of applied interest in science and technology.     

破损铝电解槽阴极钢棒的冲击回波法检测

电解槽的寿命及修复关系着整个电解铝行业的经济效益,是不容忽视的技术问题。为能对破损电解槽进行及时修复从而延长电解槽寿命,提出应用冲击回波法对电解槽破损状况进行评估。首先利用数值模拟方法探讨了冲击回波激振源特性对应力波脉冲宽度及应力峰值的影响,得出激振源直径D与脉冲宽度tc呈线性相关：tc=0.004D,且与应力峰值(P)呈指数相关P=2e~8D^{1.928 8},而冲击速度v不改变脉冲宽度tc,但与应力峰值P呈线性相关：P=0.0751v-0.068 6。进而基于数值分析结果,运用冲击回波法检测破损电解槽中的阴极钢棒,通过对检测结果的时频域分析,得出了阴极钢棒的破损状况及位置,并与刨槽后真实的阴极钢棒对比。结果表明：冲击回波法能很好地实现电解槽破损部位的定位,可为电解槽寿命评估与修复提供参考。     

半圆柱型沉积盆地对SH波散射的数值分析

该文实现了一种半无限域SH波散射问题的数值分析方法。采用传递矩阵法得到SH波斜入射时的自由场,将其作为输入;采用集中质量显式有限元方法计算区域内节点的位移;采用透射人工边界计算人工边界点的位移;通过编写的FORTRAN程序实现计算过程。运用该方法对均匀半空间内半圆柱型沉积盆地在SH波入射下的散射进行了分析,与Trifunac M D的解析解进行了对比,验证了该文方法的有效性,分析了不同入射角对地表位移和位移谱放大系数的影响。最后,对成层半空间内半圆柱型沉积盆地在SH波入射下的散射进行了分析。相对于解析方法而言,该方法可以考虑更为复杂地形情况。