TDD MISO系统中波束成形的性能分析

文中首先指出在时分双工多输入单输出系统中,发送机和接收机的信道状态信息存在时延,而该时延会影响波束成形的性能增益。随后,通过推导接收机误比特率的闭合表达式,说明时延会损害接收机的性能。最后,用数值仿真验证了所做的性能分析的正确性。     

MISO系统下行波束赋形及仿真

研究了基于TD-SCDMA系统的下行波束赋形,利用最大信干噪比准则计算出天线的加权系数,在发送端进行赋形,并做了仿真,结果表明下行波束赋形能明显降低接收端误码率,进而降低了基站发射功率。     

上下行信道不对称性对TDD-MIMO系统的影响

时分双工和多输入多输出技术均是超三代移动通信中的关键技术。在传统的关于时分双工的文献中,发送端信道状态信息均通过上下行信道的对称性获得。然而实际中由于受温度、湿度等影响,射频电路增益会缓慢变化,于是关于上下行信道对称的假设不再成立,这必定会对性能产生影响。本文详细分析了该影响并提出通过采用射频电路参数反馈法来解决这一问题。仿真结果表明,相对于传统的上行信道重用法,采用射频参数反馈法提高了系统信道容量。     

自适应TDD MIMO-OFDM系统中一种补偿干扰不对称的改进方法

在时分双工(TDD)系统中,由于信道的对称性,发射端无需通过反馈即能得到信道状态信息,并可以用来显著提高多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的频谱利用率.但是,上下行的干扰结构根本不相关.如果上下行干扰差别很大,利用反向测量决定的调制编码参数可能导致较大的误帧率.提出一种发射端能动态跟踪接收端实际干扰值简单的闭环反馈干扰自适应新方法,并研究其在具有HARQ的自适应TDD MIMO-OFDM系统中的性能.仿真结果表明,干扰估计值能很好地跟踪实际值,系统能始终满足误帧率指标要求.     

天线校准误差建模及对开环波束赋形技术的影响

时分双工系统中上下行无线信道具有互易性,使得基站可以利用获得的上行信道信息实施开环波束赋形技术.但是基站天线口与基带处理模块之间的射频通道并不对称,在进行校准后由于硬件精度所限会有天线校准误差.为此,根据实测数据对天线校准误差进行建模,通过仿真得出,射频通道校准幅度误差标准差在1 dB、角度误差在20°以内时,开环波束赋形技术在误码率为10-5时性能损失小于1 dB.并由此给出了对天线校准误差的要求.     

TDD系统中非完美信道信息条件下双流波束赋形吞吐量分析

在时分双工多天线系统中,由于上行信道估计误差和上下行传输时延,上下行链路信道的互易性并不完美;且终端也存在信道估计误差.针对包含这些因素的非完美信道信息条件下的双流波束赋形,导出了吞吐量准确值及其下界的表达式.分析表明,当下行链路信噪比趋于无穷大时,由终端信道估计误差导致的每一路数据流的吞吐量损失几乎不超过lb 3 b...     

大规模MIMO多小区TDD系统中的导频污染减轻方法

由L个小区组成的大规模MIMO TDD系统中的下行用户和速率随着基站天线数M的增加主要受限于小区间的上行导频污染。假设小区内导频正交,小区间导频完全复用,分别推导了基站估计所有信道和期望信道的MSE闭式表达式MMSE和MMSEl,并获得了MMSE的下界为M（L-1）和MMSEl的上界为M（L-1）/L。并且发现随着天线数M的增长且当导频序列长度t较大时,t的大小对MMSE和MMSEl性能的影响很小,由此提出一种上行导频功率控制方法,即把通常的导频发射时隙分为两段,使交叉增益相对较大的小区间的导频发射时隙错开,从而提高MMSE和MMSEl性能,由此基站可以设计出更加精确的预编码,进而极大地提升了每小区下行多用户可达和速率性能。理论分析和数值仿真结果都验证了这一结论。      

信道估计误差对MIMO系统信道容量的影响研究

为了分析信道估计误差对信道容量的影响,结合MIMO系统接收端信道估计误差的特点,重新构建了MIMO信道的统计模型。利用Wishart分布的性质,推导了当MIMO信道矩阵满秩时,仅接收端已知信道CSI情况下系统信道容量的下限。仿真结果表明,MIMO系统信道容量对信道估计误差比较敏感。     

多波束机会波束成形系统性能比较

研究了在多输入单输出（MISO）系统中通过加大、加快信道的波动来提高多用户分集增益的机会波束成形技术,并在此基础上研究了在每个时隙中采用多个加权矢量的多波束机会波束成形技术,着重对它们的性能作了仿真比较。结果表明,多波束机会波束成形技术可以提高系统吞吐量。     

TDD系统中非理想互易条件下双流波束赋形的容量分析

在时分双工(TDD)多天线系统中,由于上行信道估计误差和上下行传输时延,上下行链路信道的互易性并不理想.针对非理想互易条件下基于最小均方误差线性接收准则的双流波束赋形,通过推导其后验信干噪比,得到了容量上界的闭合表达式.数值和仿真结果表明:所得上界与准确值较为接近;且与理想互易情形相比,非理想互易性对系统的复用增益没有影响,而只会降低系统的阵列增益.     

非精确信道状态信息下MIMO系统中的干扰删除

复杂的多天线环境中,未知的干扰和噪声无处不在,这些因素不但引起了多输入多输出(MIMO)系统信号检测的偏差,还加大了获取精确信道状态信息(CSI)的难度。因此,为了删除MIMO系统中的未知干扰,该文建立了非精确CSI下的系统模型,模型中的非线性函数表示MIMO系统中的干扰。基于非参数理论提出了针对这种干扰的干扰删除方法。与以往方法不同的是,模型中的干扰是完全未知的。进一步地,从理论上证明了干扰删除的有效性,即证明了估计函数的收敛性。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能有效地删除系统中的干扰。     

Optimal Transmission with Imperfect Channel State Information at the Transmit Antenna Array

We study the optimal transmission strategy of a multiple-inputsingle-output wireless communication link. The receiver has perfectchannel state information while the transmitter hasonly long-term channel state information in terms of the channelcovariance matrix. It was recently shown that the optimal eigenvectors of the transmitcovariance matrix correspond with the eigenvalues of the channelcovariance matrix. However, the optimal eigenvalues are difficult tocompute. We study the properties of these optimal capacity achieving eigenvalues, and present a necessary and sufficient condition for theoptimal eigenvalues of the transmit covariance matrix. Furthermore, we develop a necessary and sufficient condition forachieving capacity when transmitting in all directions. We compare thecapacity gain of an optimal diversity system with a system which works with beamforming, and we derive an upperbound. We answer the main questions regarding the system design using the developed results. Additionally, we show inwhich way the multiplexing gain can be computed in case the channel covariancematrix is given. We compute the maximum number of required paralleldata streams, and we define a multiplexing function inorder to obtain a measure for the available multiplexinggain. Furthermore, we show that the capacity gain is small considering theadditional complexity at the receiver. We illustrate allresults by numerical simulations.     

Impact of Imperfect Channel Information on the Performance of Underlay Cognitive DF Multi-hop Systems

This paper presents an analysis framework for performance evaluation of underlay cognitive decode-and-forward (DF) multi-hop systems over Rayleigh fading channel under imperfect channel information. Specifically, we derive the exact closed-form bit error rate (BER) and interference probability (i.e., the probability that the interference power constraint is invalid) expressions. The derived expressions are well supported by simulations and serve as useful tools for fast system performance evaluation under different aspects. To reduce the interference probability, we consider the back-off power control mechanism. Various results demonstrate the effect of channel information imperfection on the system performance and the trade-off between the interference probability and BER. Also, the performance of underlay cognitive DF multi-hop systems depends both network topology and the number of hops.     

非理想信道下基于人工噪声的密集异构蜂窝网安全传输方案

针对密集异构蜂窝网在非理想信道状态信息条件下的安全传输问题,该文分析了人工噪声对通信的可靠性和安全性的影响,在此基础上提出功率分配优化模型,在不同信道估计精度条件下给出了最优的功率分配因子。首先,考虑信道估计误差对合法信号传输以及人工噪声泄露的影响,推导了典型通信链路的连通中断概率和安全中断概率。然后,在安全性和可靠性约束条件下建立功率分配优化模型以最大化系统安全吞吐量,并通过K维联合搜索算法得到每层网络的最优功率分配因子。最后,仿真结果表明系统设置最优功率分配因子时,人工噪声方案可提升约15%的安全吞吐量。     

Modular Precoding Based on Zero Forcing in Large Scale Antenna Systems with Imperfect Channel State Information

In Large scale antenna systems (LSAS), the user number is usually much less than the number of base station antennas. By leveraging this characteristic, Modular precoding based on zero forcing (MZF) is pro-posed to achieve higher spectrum efficiency than Maximum ratio combining (MRC), while preserve the advantage of distributive processing. The achievable rates of the MZF, MRC and Zero forcing (ZF) are derived under the general-ized model of imperfect Channel state information (CSI). The imperfect CSI model includes the channel estimation delay, the noise in the pilot channel, and the pilot contam-ination. The analytical achievable rates match the simula-tions even with a small number of base station antennas. When the antenna number approaches to infinity, the an-alytical achievable rates of MZF converge to the analytical achievable rates of ZF.     

Analysis of Tomlinson–Harashima Precoding in Multiuser MIMO Systems With Imperfect Channel State Information

Tomlinson–Harashima precoding (THP) is a successive pre-equalization technique that arranges all the receivers into a group of layers and then suppresses the interlayer interference in sequence at the transmitter. There are two basic THP structures according to the positions of the diagonal weighted filter—decentralized at the receivers or centralized at the transmitter—which are denoted dTHP or cTHP, respectively. In this paper, the investigation of THP in downlink multiuser multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) systems with imperfect channel state information (CSI) is performed. The interference power caused by imperfect CSI is first derived, and then, the comparison between the two basic THP structures and the linear zero-forcing (ZF) precoding is carried out in terms of the interference power and the system capacity. Furthermore, the cases with different CSI errors among users are considered, through which the independence of the interference power among layers or subchannels is presented, including the cases with single-antenna and multiantenna receivers. Analytical and simulation results indicate that with imperfect CSI, THP leads to less interference power than linear-ZF, and dTHP leads to larger system capacity than cTHP and linear-ZF.      

基于非理想信道状态信息的鲁棒安全发送方法

针对协方差信道状态信息(Channel State Information, CSI)不理想导致的通信系统安全性能恶化问题,该文提出一种鲁棒的人工噪声辅助的物理层安全发送方法。该方法基于非理想的协方差信道信息,对发送者的波束成形向量及人工噪声协方差进行联合优化设计,从而最大化系统的最差情况安全速率(Worst-Case Secrecy Rate, WCSR)。该功率受限的安全速率最大化问题是非凸的,采用半定松弛(SemiDefinite Relaxation, SDR)技术和Lagrange对偶理论将其转化为一系列的半定规划(SemiDefinite Program, SDP)问题进行求解。仿真结果表明,与现有方案相比,所提方法的安全性能有了明显的提升。