两种表征粉煤灰-水泥复合浆体整体水化程度方法对比研究

采用了化学结合水法(Chemical Combined Water Content Method,CC)和水化热法(Hydration Heat Method,HH)共同研究了不同粉煤灰掺量、不同养护温度和不同水胶比下粉煤灰-水泥复合浆体(Fly Ash-Cement,FA-C)的整体水化程度。通过水化产物解耦分析得到了粉煤灰-水泥复合浆体理论完全水化时的化学结合水含量;通过提高养护温度加速复合浆体水化反应,结合Knudsen方程线性拟合得到了更为理想的粉煤灰-水泥复合浆体完全水化放热量(Qmax)。粉煤灰-水泥复合浆体整体水化程度随粉煤灰掺量的提高、养护温度的升高和水胶比的增大而增大。     

高原低压低湿作用下水泥水化与孔结构发展

根据工程实践惯例与高原自然环境特点,模拟了低压低湿耦合作用下的典型养护模式,研究了各养护模式下水泥水化进程与水泥浆体内部孔结构发展特点.水泥水化的进程由硬化浆体中化学结合水的含量表征,通过高温灼烧测得.水泥净浆的孔结构发展通过压汞法和氮吸附法进行分析,得到的孔结构特点同时也是评价水泥水化进程的重要依据.最后以混凝土的抗...     

中性钠盐碱矿渣水泥水化动力学研究

通过等温导热仪对中性钠盐碱矿渣水泥水化热的测定, 研究了中性钠盐碱矿渣水泥的水化历程, 探讨了其水化动力学参数, 指出水泥水化速度常数具有“即时性”, 确立了中性钠盐碱矿渣水泥不同水化阶段时活化能的计算方法, 明确了各水化阶段水化机理的特征。     

复合浆体中粉煤灰和水泥水化反应程度的测定

采用盐酸选择溶解法测定粉煤灰的水化程度,再结合水化热法计算复合浆体中水泥的水化程度。试样结果表明,在水化早期粉煤灰仅作为惰性材料填充于复合浆体的孔隙中。随着粉煤灰掺量的增大,水泥的水化程度越高,单位体积中水化产物的总体数量仍为减少。     

超硫酸盐水泥的水化产物及孔结构特性

采用抗压强度试验、X射线衍射分析、电镜扫描及压汞仪法等测试技术,测试和分析了超硫酸盐水泥在不同龄期的强度、水化产物及孔结构,并将其与普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣水泥对比,探讨超硫酸盐水泥的水化机理.研究结果表明,超硫酸盐水泥早期强度较低,但后期强度发展快,28 d强度高于42.5普硅水泥;超硫酸盐水泥的主要水化产物为水化硅酸钙、钙矾石及少量石膏晶体,未见普硅水泥及矿渣水泥的主要水化产物氢氧化钙;90 d时,超硫酸盐水泥硬化浆体的阈值孔径、最可几孔径、中孔孔径及平均孔径均小于普硅水泥和矿渣水泥,具有更小的孔隙率和更高的密实度,有效地促进了超硫酸盐水泥后期强度的增长.     

煤矸石-水泥二元胶凝材料水化动力学研究

为揭示煤矸石对水泥水化过程的影响,采用等温量热仪研究了煅烧煤矸石-水泥复合胶凝体系的水化动力学。煤矸石-水泥二元胶凝材料水化放热规律与纯水泥基本一致;复合盐(CaCl2—K2SO4,CaCO3—K2SO4)能够促进煤矸石-水泥胶凝材料的水化,缩短煤矸石-水泥胶凝材料的水化诱导期,提高煤矸石-水泥的水化放热量;从加速期水化反应速率常数和水化放热量来看,氯盐-硫酸盐比碳酸盐-硫酸盐对煤矸石-水泥二元胶凝材料激发效果更好。     

水泥矿物水化率的测定与特性分析

水化程度和水化速度是进一步研究水泥矿物化学成分的转化及水泥基建筑材料耐久性的重要参数.通过测定不同水化龄期的水泥试样的化学结合水量可以间接测定水泥水化速度,即水化率.实验中找出了一些容易影响测定化学结合水量的因素和问题,并对水泥新鲜烧失量和化学结合水量的测定方法中关键的细节操作做了相对合理的处理,同时也对不同配方水泥试样同一龄期的水化情况进行了测试.通过对实验数据进行综合分析,找出了不同配方水泥试样的水化规律.     

低水胶比下粉煤灰对水泥早期水化的影响

提出可用等效结合水含量和水化影响因子来定性和定量分析粉煤灰对水泥早期水化作用的大小。若粉煤灰的水化影响因子 >1,则粉煤灰促进水泥水化 ,值越大 ,促进作用越显著 ;若粉煤灰的水化影响因子 <1,则粉煤灰延缓水泥水化 ,值越小 ,延缓作用越显著。同时研究和分析了低水胶比下粉煤灰不同品种和掺量对水泥早期水化的影响     

海工水泥抗硫酸盐侵蚀机理

采用浸泡抗蚀性能试验方法 （K法）,对比研究了海工水泥和普通硅酸盐水泥的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。使用X射线衍射（XRD）、热重分析（TGA）、电子扫描（SEM）和电子计算机断层扫描（Computed tomography, CT）分析了两种水泥硫酸盐侵蚀前后矿物成分和微观结构的变化,进行了机理分析。结果表明：海工水泥抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能优于普通硅酸盐水泥,海工水泥在3%硫酸钠溶液中浸泡11个月后侵蚀系数为1.03,而普通硅酸盐水泥为0.22。海工水泥主要水化产物为水化硅酸钙、钙矾石和较少的氢氧化钙,其在3%硫酸钠溶液中浸泡后生成微量二水石膏,不会对基体产生破坏。除水化硅酸钙和钙矾石外,普通硅酸盐水泥的水化产物中有较多的氢氧化钙和单硫型水化硫铝酸钙,其在3%硫酸钠溶液中会生成大量的二水石膏和钙矾石,两者的结晶膨胀会引起基体开裂。     

葡萄糖酸钠与高效减水剂复合使用对水泥水化历程的影响

用直接测温法及X射线衍射技术,系统研究了葡萄糖酸钠与萘系、氨基磺酸盐系及聚羧酸盐系3种高效减水剂复合使用对水泥水化热、水化温峰、温峰出现时间及不同水化龄期Ca(OH)2和钙矾石(AFt)生成量等方面的影响.结果表明:与糖钙和三聚磷酸钠相比,葡萄糖酸钠及其与高效减水剂复合对水泥水化历程的影响规律明显不同.单掺葡萄糖酸钠使水泥水化第2放热峰出现时间延迟,但温峰值及水化热与空白样基本持平,温峰时的Ca(OH)2生成量增大.复合使用葡萄糖酸钠与高效减水剂时,与不同品种高效减水剂复合使用对水泥水化历程的影响不同.     

Coal and gas outburst prevention using new high water content cement slurry for injection into the coal seam

As coal and gas outburst is one of the most serious mine disasters, it is very important to at least control it if not prevent it from occurring. Injecting cement slurry or grouting into the coal seam can strengthen the seam, increase its rigidity coefficient(f), and reduce the volumetric expansion due to gas energy release.This paper reports the results of laboratory experiments on cement-based high water content slurry having different water-cement ratios(W/C) to be used for coal injection. The results show that as the W/C increases, the mobility of the slurry and its setting time increase. The compressive strength and rupture strength, however, are reduced. Furthermore, high W/C grout shows early strength after 7 days, which can be 80% of its 14-day compressive strength. To achieve rapid setting and early strength, the addition of Na_2SiO_3has proven to give the best result, when the concentration of the additive is 3%. The initial and final setting times are 13 and 21 min shorter than samples without Na_2SiO_3, while the compressive strength is more than double. As a retarder, the initial setting time can be extended to 83 min when tartaric acid of 0.4% concentration is added. Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum recipe of the new high water content slurry has been determined to be: W/C = 2, tartaric acid = 0.2%, Na_2SiO_3= 3%, and12% bentonite. Reinforcement by injection simulation experiments show that the grouting radius of the new slurry mix is 250 mm when the applied grouting pressure is 60 k Pa, 7-day rupture strength and compressive strength are 5.2 and 6.4 MPa, respectively, and are 37% and 88% higher than ordinary cement grout. It can be concluded that the newly developed slurry mix is more effective than the ordinary mix for reinforcing coal and controlling gas outburst.     

新型油井水泥促凝剂WSA-1室内研究

在导管或表层段低温固井中,水泥水化速度慢,候凝时间长,油井水泥石早期强度发展缓慢,影响固井质量和作业安全。针对目前国内油田低温浅层固井可供选择的油井水泥促凝剂种类少、某些油井水泥促凝剂促凝和早强效果不佳以及对水泥浆流变性影响较大等问题,通过室内实验研制了一种新型复合促凝剂WSA-1。对加有促凝剂WSA-1的水泥浆进行了系统的性能评价。结果表明:促凝剂WSA-1能加速油井水泥的水化过程,缩短水泥浆的稠化时间,显著提高水泥石的早期强度,当m(WSA-1)∶m(水泥干灰)=3%时,水泥浆稠化时间可缩短50%以上,水泥石6h强度从3.2MPa增强到11.3MPa,24h抗压强度从24.3MPa增强到46.1MPa,完全满足其评价标准的相关要求,且对水泥浆的初始稠度和流变参数基本无影响,是一种性能优异的、可用于低温浅层油气井固井水泥浆体系的复合促凝剂。     

固井水泥浆水化凝结过程中的温度变化

引用水泥水化热数据建立了水泥浆水化热模型,将具有一定厚度的井眼环状地层 发成轴对称三角环单元,应用热传导问题的有限元法和时域问题的有限差分法,编制了相应软件,实现了水泥浆水化凝结过程中的温度计算和预测。通过对计算结果分析得出,固井水泥浆凝结工是温度变化可划分为三个阶段;影响温度变化的主要因素是地层岩石的热学性质,地层温度,初始温度与单位体积水泥浆量。利用这一方法可以进行注水泥结束之后水泥浆固化过程     

磁化水泥的增强机理

用化学分析、ＸＲＤ和测定抗压强度等手段研究了磁化油井水泥浆体的水化，用ＳＥＭ分析了磁化后水泥硬化体的显微结构，结果表明：磁化对油井水泥的水化起促进作用，磁化后硬化体的显微结构得到改善，强度有很大提高。     

复合油井水泥早强剂LL的室内研究

研制了一种复合型无氯油井水泥早强剂LL,采用复配的方法将有机酸D、醇胺类物质E和硝酸盐F按一定比例复配,利用正交试验设计以水泥石6h的抗压强度为考察指标优选试验配比。通过正交试验确定早强剂LL最佳配比为:有机酸D质量分数为1.0%(占水泥质量),醇胺类物质E质量分数为0.04%,硝酸盐F质量分数为4%。在最佳配比下,加入早强剂的质量为水泥质量的2.5%,结果表明,加入早强剂LL的水泥浆稠化时间与水泥净浆稠化时间之比为0.436,小于0.5、水泥石6h抗压强度(39℃、常压)为11.0MPa,大于4.0MPa,满足早强剂行业标准SY/T5004.4—2008的相关要求。与自制缓凝剂MAM、分散剂FASA及降失水剂AS等有良好的相容性。     

Influence of New Compound Admixture on Shotcrete Performance

To analyze the influence of new compound admixture on shotcrete performance, the ordinary Portland cement pr425 was used as matrix components. The optimum proportion of admixture was obtained by analyzing the influence of content on cement setting time and compressive strength. The microstructure of cement test block and the mechanism of reducing dust of composite macromolecule admixture were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that the ratio of polyacrylic acid was 0.02%. The ratio of J85 accelerator was 5%. The ratio of bentonite was 4.5% in composite admixture. The most optimal content of admixture in the slurry was 7%. The compound coagulant formed by additive together with C_3 A, C_4 AF which provided nucleation for hydration and crystallization of C_3S and C_3S, and played an active role to promote the activity of the mineral admixture in cement, and increased the elastic modulus of C-S-H gel and accelerated the hydration process of portland cement. Bentonite and polyacrylic acid promote the wettability, cohesiveness and workability of cement paste in the process of hydration. The formation of cement test block gel was even. The interface between the matrix phase and the aggregate phase was not obvious which ensured the matching between the matrix and the aggregate phase. The addition of bentonite formed hydrogen bonds in cement paste and improved the cohesiveness of the system. The J-85 accelerator promoted the combination of aluminate and gypsum which hindered the formation of calcium carbide around the cement particles which made cement rapid condensation. Polyacrylic acid mainly changed the strength of hydroxyl absorption peak in cement paste to improve the initial strength of cement test block. The addition of new admixtures promoted the process of cement hydration to be more thorough and affected the later strength development of concrete by affecting the formation of calcium carbonate stone.     

Microstructure Formation and Degradation Mechanism of Cementitious Plugging Agent Slurries

The hydration products and microstructure of class G oil well cement and a newly developed plugging agent (YLD) slurries cured in the simulated temperature and pressure environment, which was of similar temperature and pressure with those at the bottom of oil well in a normal depth, were investigated using XRD, TG and SEM. Severe leakage is confirmed at the interface between hardened slurries and steel tube during the dynamically curing process, which induces the quick loss of cementing property of slurries. This should be the dominating cause of degradation of class G oil well cement slurry. A secondary hydration process can take place at the eroded interface of hardened YLD plugging agent slurry. Newly formed C-S-H gel has a self-healing effect to repair the damaged interface, which unceasingly maintains the cementing property of the YLD plugging agent slurry. Therefore, the effective using period of YLD plugging agent can be prolonged.     

湿排粉煤灰复合电石渣制备高活性矿物掺合料浆

为了有效利用湿排粉煤灰及电石渣等资源,用其二者制备高活性矿物掺合料浆.研究了湿排粉煤灰复合电石渣矿物掺合料浆的制备工艺及其所配制净浆试件各龄期强度与水化产物(XRD、SEM)的变化.结果表明:湿磨配浆过程中,湿排粉煤灰与电石渣(固含量)存在最佳质量比75:25.高Ca(OH)2含量的电石渣及改性剂促进水泥水化所提供的碱性环境有利于激发粉煤灰颗粒的早期活性,促进了其二次水化反应的进行.     

酸性介质对钢筋混凝土腐蚀机理研究

通过酸度计、化学分析和SEM、XRD、EDS等微观综合测试,研究了钢筋混凝土在CO2、H2S、HCl、SO2等共存的酸性介质中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,混凝土的酸性化使水泥主要水化产物及其微观结构发生变化,同时失去钢筋碱性保护层的作用;含硫、氯的腐蚀介质对昆凝土的侵蚀作用有所不同。     

Damage action of alkali-resistant glass fiber in cement-based material

The compressive strength and flexural strength with the same strength class cement mortar of the alkali-resistant glass fiber cement mortar were tested in standard and hot-water curing condition, and the damage mechanism of alkali-resistant glass fiber was studied. The interaction mechanisms of the chemical erosion and physical injury in different curing conditions were studied in order to summarize the damage mechanism of alkali-resistant glass fiber in cement-based materials, and chloride diffusivity coefficient and porosity of cement mortar were tested in the different curing conditions. The experimental results are that the strength of cement based materials and fiber cement slurry interface zone were closely related, and heat curing could accelerate the hydration of cement, but inevitably enlarge the defect.