一种曲面裁剪的快速新算法

曲面裁剪算法是曲面造型的关键算法之一。传统的裁剪算法是通过对重点和重边进行较复杂的特殊处理并基于环的两两并、交、差来实现的。本文首先提出并严格的定义了入点、出点等概念,在此基础上,提出了一种 对被裁剪曲面参数域进行快速组环的分裂、组环方法,从而实现了对曲面的快速裁剪,该算法已实现并用在ＳｕｐｅｒｍａｎＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ曲面造型系统。     

NURBS曲面的过渡曲面生成

曲面过渡是几何造型的关键技术之一，本文提出的ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面的过渡曲面生成方法，能够处理曲面内具有不同连续性的情况，解决了ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面的等半径，变半径过渡及三面过渡问题，并在超人ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统中实现。     

裁剪曲面的三角化及图形显示

结合自主版权的超人ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统的开发，本文提出了一种适合于裁剪曲面图形显示的曲面三角化算法，该算法将曲面的三角化转化为曲面参数域的三角化，并将二维图形的集合运算与Ｄｅｌａｕｎａｙ三角剖分应有和于曲面参数域边界的处理，从而使裁剪曲面在边界上的三角形分布均匀。     

NURBS曲面的四边形网格的分割与逼近

介绍了一个用于对NURBS曲面进行四边形网格的分割与逼近的算法。该算法采用二叉树递归分割的方法分割和逼近曲面，所分割的四边形除了在高度方向和曲面边界处满足给定精度外，同时在四边形四条边界满足给定的切矢精度。实例测试结果表明，用本文所述算法生成的四边形网格具有网格逼近原曲面、网格四边形接近于规则四边形等特点。     

CAD／CAM中自由曲面造型技术的发展和问题

本文叙述可望在近期内进入ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统的４种曲面造型方法，即散列数据插值曲面、Ｇｒｅｇｏｒｙ的曲面构造方法（Ｇｒｅｇｏｒｙ曲面片）、自由变形技术（ＦＦＤ）和用偏微分方程方法构造曲面（ＰＤＥ）。扼要说明各种方法的理论、优点与缺点，及为推广至实际应用需做的工作。     

应用区域变换实现三角Bezier曲面分割

本文根据实际应用需要采用参数域变换方法对三角Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ曲面片进行分割，可简单地确定复杂分割模型下各子曲面片的控制顶点，避免了采用Ｃ－Ｔ分割带来的冗余计算和某些情况下的昨杂处理过程，并且使分割算法统一。     

应用区域变换实现三角 Bezier 曲面分割

本文根据实际应用需要采用参数域变换方法对三角Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ曲面片进行分割，可简单地确定复杂分割模型下各子曲面片的控制顶点，避免了采用Ｃ－Ｔ分割带来的冗余计算和某些情况下的复杂处理过程，并且使分割算法统一。     

裁剪 NURBS 曲面面积计算的扫描分片积分法

本文设计了一种计算裁剪ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面面积的扫描分片高斯积分法。该方法无需求出曲面的法矢模长函数，而只需通过一阶偏导矢计算某些点处的法矢模长。该算法速度快，误差容易识别和控制。已应用于自主开发的超人ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统，效果良好。     

基于九叉树分割的曲面片上点的快速反解算法

本文针对曲面造型中，”由参数样条曲面上点的笛卡尔坐标，反求其对应参数“的反解问题，提出了一种通过曲面快速分割来逼近最终解的快速，简单，可靠的反解算法；并以Ｂ样条参数曲面为例，介绍了算法的实现过程。     

参数Bezier三角曲面的GC^1设计

本文从三次Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ三角曲面片边界曲线构造入手，综合分析了计算几何中有关Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ三角曲面ＧＣ＾１拼接设计的理论和方法。针对３Ｄ离散数据曲面插值问题，全面讨论了Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ三角曲面片内部Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ顶点计算。提出了一种基于三次Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ三角曲面片内部Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ顶点ｄ１１１选取优化的整体ＧＣ＾１Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ三角曲面设计方法。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...