微细磷矿粉的有效性研究

以褐土盆栽试验研究了超微细磷矿粉提高土壤速效磷含量及其生物有效性.结果表明:磷矿粉有效磷含量、水溶性磷含量及土壤速效磷含量随颗粒细度减小而增加,特别是大部分颗粒细度在20 μm以下时,磷矿粉的有效磷和水溶性磷含量提高幅度较大.当磷矿粉粒度在20.11～2.87 μm时,与0.100～0.075 mm粒度相比,有效磷含量...     

微晶化磷矿粉包膜缓释肥料对土壤有效养分的影响

以微晶化磷矿粉为主要膜材,研制了微晶化磷矿粉质量分数为0、40%、50%、60%的4种包膜肥料。研究了微晶化磷矿粉包膜缓释肥料对土壤有效养分含量的影响。结果表明:微晶化磷矿粉包膜肥料有利于提高土壤铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量,改善土壤的养分特性;随膜材中微晶化磷矿粉含量的增加,包膜肥料的缓释性增强;膜材中微晶化磷矿粉质量分数为60%的包膜缓释肥效果略低于树脂包膜肥,而优于硫包膜肥料。     

不同温度下促释材料活化磷矿粉效果的研究

采用连续水浸提、盆栽试验,研究不同温度下两种促释材料活化的磷矿粉磷素动态释放特性及肥效。结果表明：（1）与磷矿粉相比,促释磷矿粉连续浸提水溶性磷累积量显著提高;提高幅度最大的是经加温处理的WZ促释磷矿粉,较未加温处理提高了42．95％,是磷矿粉的2．13倍。表明活化磷矿粉经加温处理能明显促进磷矿粉水溶性磷的释放。（2）促释磷矿粉肥效显著优于磷矿粉,WZ处理效果较佳,加温处理后肥效最佳,不亚于SP。     

使用激光粒度分析仪快速准确测定水泥粒度分布的实例

0引言传统的细度和比表面积与水泥性能的相关性并不理想。细度只反映80μm以上颗粒的百分含量。而比表面积则是颗粒平均粒径的反映。对占总量90%以上、粒径小于80μm、对水泥性能有直接影响的颗粒来说,具体的粒度分布情况并不能确定,     

PA6／POE／POE-g-MAH形态与性能研究

本文以POE和POE-g-MAH并用，通过改变其比例来改变MAH含量以控制弹性体在PA6中的粒径分布。研究了POE弹性体粒径大小PA6／POE共混力学性能的影响。结果表明：弹性体分散相粒径的大小与分布是影响共混物韧性的主要因素，弹性体分散相粒径小于0．2μm时，对PA6增韧效果不佳。但弹性体粒径大小和分布并不影响共混物的屈服强度和模量。75％PA6／25％POE缺口冲击强度比PA6提高不到一倍；对于弹性体分散相粒径的大部分在0．2μm以下，最小的小于50nm的80％PA6／20％POE-g-MAH，其缺口冲击强度仅比PA6提高了三倍多；弹性体粒子在0．2～0．5μm间的80％PA6／13％POE／7％POE-g-MAH缺口冲击强度比PA6提高了近八倍。     

超微细磷矿粉的特性及其肥效机理研究

采用室内物理化学分析与生物试验相结合的方法研究了超微细磷矿粉的理化性质及其肥效,主要研究结果如下:a.超微细磷矿粉的粒径分别为7.26 μm、4.06 μm;b.超微细磷矿粉能明显促进玉米幼苗生长及提高植株的磷利用率,与普通磷矿粉相比达到显著水平,生物有效性显著提高c.超微细磷矿粉与普通磷矿粉相比显著增加了土壤中有效磷含量.     

有机结合态磷肥对土壤微生物及磷酸酶的影响

土壤培养和盆栽试验结果表明：与无机磷肥相比,有机结合态磷肥能够大幅提高土壤微生物数量和土壤磷酸酶含量;有机结合态磷原产物与磷矿粉配合的有机结合态磷肥对提高土壤微生物量的效果最好,比无机磷肥提高23倍,对提高土壤磷酸酶含量的效果也最好,比无机磷肥提高约6倍;有机结合态磷原产物与缓释氮配合的效果次之,但与前者差异幅度不大.有机结合态磷肥具有降低土壤pH的效果,对pH较高的石灰性土壤效果良好,在pH低的红壤上应选用磷矿粉与有机结合态磷原产物复合的肥料效果较好.     

TM水泥助磨剂的研究

本文对多种助磨剂的使用效果和作用机理进行了研究。结果表明,不同的助磨剂对水泥的细度、流动性、颗粒的粒度组成及分布熏尤其是粒径3～30μm颗粒的含量、水泥3d、28d强度影响不同。助磨效果可用细度、颗粒组成及分布、流动性、强度等来表征或评价熏而勃氏比表面积及80μm筛筛余在大部分情况下已不适宜表征助磨效果。助磨剂的作用机理主要是减小粉碎阻力,防止团聚和粘磨,提高流动性熏从而加强了料和球的作用频率和效率。     

生料粒度分布特性与粉磨细度控制指标

从生料易烧性角度分析确定了以0．2mm筛余作为生料细度目标值,以80μm筛余作为生料粉磨细度日常控制指标。使用RRSB方程探讨了生料粒度分布与典型粒径筛余的关系,结果表明,当80μm筛余一定时,随着生料粒度分布均匀性系数提高,0．2mm筛余降低,易烧性提高。在保证0．2mm筛余为1．5％的前提下,如果生料均匀性系数由0．83增加到1．12,则80μm筛余可以由14％增加到22％,而不显著改变易烧性。     

开阳磷矿中磷矿萃取工艺研究

研究开阳磷矿中磷矿萃取工艺,改进优化传统工艺及生产条件,充分利用现有资源,提高中磷矿综合利用率,达到提质增效均具有重要意义。通过实验得到开阳磷矿中磷矿最佳萃取工艺条件为:磷矿粉细度104μm(150目),反应料浆液固比2.9∶1,反应温度85℃及反应时间4.0 h。相较传统的磷矿萃取工艺,该工艺条件下,中磷矿P_2O_5回收率由89.7%提升至93.7%。     

高铁铝磷矿制过磷酸钙生产工艺的改进

介绍含高铁铝磷矿制过磷酸钙,产品有效磷退化的情况。通过合理搭配磷矿,提高矿粉细度,提高酸用量,降低熟化温度,可达到改善和防止有效磷退化,生产出合格过磷酸钙产品。     

利用中低品位磷矿生产疏松状过磷酸钙的新方法

以中低品位磷矿为原料、采用矿浆浓酸法(湿法)生产疏松状过磷酸钙产品时,存在产品含水量控制不稳定、产品结块严重、全磷转化率低等问题。采用由表面活性剂、分散剂、水组成的液体过磷酸钙活化疏松剂与硫酸一起进入酸浆混合器中生产过磷酸钙产品,可使混合反应更彻底,产品的有效磷(以P2O5计)质量分数提高0.5%~1.0%,含水质量分数降低1.5%~3.0%,全磷转化率提高3%~7%,而且可减少熟化翻堆次数并缩短熟化时间,具有显著的经济和社会效益。     

The effect of various phosphorus fertilizers on yields,phosphorus uptake by plants and conversion of phosphorus fertilizers in long-term experiments on different soils

Long-term experiments have been undertaken to investigate the effects of various types of phosphorus fertilizers on yields, phosphorus uptake and fertilizer conversion in the soil. Optimum effects were obtained from water-soluble phosphate, whereas finely ground soft rock phosphate had little effect even with large amounts of phosphorus fertilizers and with a pH value of the soil of around 5.4. Partially decomposed and sintered phosphates performed well, as did NPK fertilizers (100% water soluble) and Thomas phosphate. The addition of large amounts of phosphorus fertilizers (to cereals, 26.4 kg/ha, to other crops 44 kg/ha) led to yields being increased by 7% and phosphorus extraction being increased by 11%. Smaller amounts of phosphorus fertilizers (13.2 and 17.6 kg/ha) did not have this effect. Increases in the amount of double-lactate-soluble phosphorus in the soil depended on the level of fertilization and did not differ significantly according to the type of phosphorus fertilizer used.     

晋宁磷矿矿石的优势及利用

阐述晋宁磷矿得天独厚的资源优势 ,介绍晋宁磷矿产品与世界主要产磷国磷精矿的对比 ,与世界磷出口国主要磷矿质量的比较。说明其是生产高效磷肥的优势资源。晋宁磷矿为低镁风化磷矿石 ,因其品位高、埋藏浅 ,露天开采 ,现在建成年产 90万吨擦洗磷精矿 ,可生产不同规格产品矿 ,在国内、外市场上有很强的竞争力     

美国BADGER湿法磷酸工艺快速萃取结晶技术的开发与应用研究

针对引进的BADGER湿法磷酸工艺对含磷低、杂质高的云贵混矿原料适应性差的状况,重点研究开发该工艺的磷酸快速结晶技术,并应用于生产实践,取得很好的效果。装置产能提高25％,磷萃取率、磷总收率均达到了原设计使用优质云南晋宁擦洗磷矿条件下的设计值。     

Reactive rock phosphate fertilizers and soil testing for phosphorus: The effect of particle size of the rock phosphate

North Carolina rock phosphate (NCRP) (highly carbonate—substituted apatite) was ground to produce three samples with different particle size distributions. The effectiveness of these fertilizers was compared with the effectiveness of superphosphate in a field experiment and three glasshouse experiments using lateritic soils from south-western Australia. Non-reactive Queensland rock phosphate (low carbonate-substituted apatite from the Duchess deposit) was also used in the pot experiments. Bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus extracted from the soil is widely used in Western Australia to predict plant yields from previously-applied fertilizer dressings. For both field and pot experiments bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (soil test value) was measured and related to subsequent plant yields.As calculated from the initial slope of the relationship between yield and the level of P applied, finely powdered NCRP was about 5–32% as effective as freshly-applied superphosphate in the year of application and also for two years after application in the field experiment, and for two successive crops in the three pot experiments. For both field and pot experiments, finely powdered NCRP, was at best, 1.5–2.0 times as effective as granular NCRP. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of rock phosphates usually decreased with increasing level of application.For each of the crops in the field experiment, the relationships between yield and phosphorus content of plants (i.e. internal efficiency curves) were similar for all fertilizers. Thus the low effectiveness of the rock phosphates relative to superphosphate was solely due to much less phosphorus being taken up by plants. By contrast, in the pot experiments internal efficiency curves differed for different fertilizers. This is attributed to differences in the rate of phosphorus uptake by plant roots during the early stages of plant growth.For both field and pot experiments, soil test calibrations (the relationship between yield and soil test value) differed for rock phosphates and superphosphate. For superphosphate, soil test calibrations also differed for the three different years after the initial application of this fertilizer in the field experiment. For the second crop in the pot experiment, soil test calibrations differed for superphosphate applied at different times (before the first and the second crop). These results point out the difficulty of applying soil testing procedures to soils that have experienced different histories of fertilizer application.     

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Phosphate Fertilizers in some Venezuelan soils

In Venezuela, 70% of the soils are acid with low natural fertility where phosphorus is the most limiting element together with nitrogen and potassium for plant growth. The efficiency of phosphate fertilization is low. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of natural and modified rock phosphate using conventional and isotopic techniques. An incubation experiment was done to measure changes in available P on application of different phosphate fertilizers at a constant rate of 100 mg P/kg in ten acid soils of agricultural importance in Venezuela. In the greenhouse, two experiments were conducted to relate P fixation to soil P availability and the response of an index plant (Agrostis sp.). A high variability in P fixing capacity of the soils (r1/Ro = 0.02–0.76) was observed with the same level of available P. This fixation index is defined as the proportion of the added radioactivity (³²P) remaining in the soil solution after 1 min of exchange and a low fixing capacity is indicated by the values close to 1. The proportion of the total soil P that can possibly enter the soil solution and therefore is potentially available for plant uptake was measured using the traditional method (Bray I) and the isotopic method (E value). The high variability was also apparent in available P extracted by Bray I showing a range of 10 to 88% of the total P removed by the extracting solution. The incubation studies showed that the effectiveness of the P source for available P in the soil solution was related to their reactivity and the soil P fixing properties. The increase in the fixing capacity of the soils used caused a significant reduction in the E value, independent of the source of P used. A high positive and significant correlation between Bray I extracted P and the E value (r = 0.95) obtained from the different treatments, showed the relationship of the extractant for some forms of available P in soils where rock phosphate was applied. In the greenhouse experiment, the crop response was related to the P fixing properties of the soil, the initial availability and the solubility of the P source used. The P in plant derived from the fertilizer and the Utilization Coefficient decreased significantly as the P fixing capacity of the soils increases indicating a lower availability of P for the the index plant (Agrostis sp.). The P in plant derived from the P fertilizers calculated by using the specific activity of each treatment and the one of the check plot showed that triple superphosphate had the highest values with acidulated Riecito rock phosphate (40%) having intermediate values, and Riecito rock phosphate having the lowest value. The use of ³²P techniques as a powerful method to study soil P dynamics and P uptake from different P sources and the effectiveness of phosphate rocks (natural and modified) produced in Venezuela with respect to the water-soluble P source (imported), are some of the practical implications of this study.     

The effect of direct application of phosphate rock on increasing crop yield and improving properties of red soil

Field experiments, designed to evaluate the effect of direct application of phosphate rock, were carried out on red soil (Ultisol) uplands at three different places. The results indicated: (1) for the first year's crop, the rapeseed yields with phosphate rock treatment and triple superphosphate treatment were almost identical when their rate of phosphorus application was the same; (2) when the same level of phosphorus fertilizer was applied, the residual effect of phosphate rock was better than that of triple superphosphate, and the residual effect of all phosphorus fertilizers on winter crop yields increased with the increase of the amount of Phosphorus applied; (3) with the application of phosphate rock, the pH value, the amount of available phosphorus and exchangeable Ca and Mg of soils went up, whereas the content of active Al in soils decreased. Therefore, the direct application of phosphate rock to red soil also has an important role in improving soil properties.The project was financially supported by American Phosphate Foundation, PPI/PPIC and National Natural Science Foundation of China.