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1.
Angela M. Jaramillo María L. Garmendia Patricio Muñoz Alicia Corbari Rodrigo Valenzuela Paola Casanello 《Lipids》2020,55(1):53-62
The interest in the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the umbilical cord blood (UCB) is increasing, but the stability of erythrocyte PUFA in these samples during storage and washing of the erythrocytes has not been directly evaluated. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the lapse of time on the fatty acid (FA) content from UCB sample collection and maintained at 4 °C (0–12 h) until erythrocyte separation and washing. Palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), 18:1n-7/n-9, linoleic acid (18:2n-6), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), 22:4n-6, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) together accounted for 87% of the FA profile in the umbilical vein erythrocytes. No difference was observed in the concentration of any of the FA studied, nor in the sum of saturated fatty acids (SFA), PUFA, or LC-PUFA in umbilical erythrocytes obtained at delivery and stored up to 12 h before the separation of erythrocytes. However, if a washing step was included in the processing of the erythrocytes, a decrease in the concentration of 16:0, 18:0, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6, total SFA, PUFA, LC-PUFA, and n-6 LC-PUFA was evidenced, compared to unwashed erythrocytes. The FA concentration in umbilical cord erythrocytes did not change between samples stored from 0 to 12 h until erythrocyte separation. Erythrocyte washing before storage decreased the concentration of significant individual and total SFA, PUFA, and LC-PUFA. These results should be considered when planning the collection of UCB samples for the study of fatty acid concentration due to the nonscheduled timing of deliveries. 相似文献
2.
Michael T. Arts Michelle E. Palmer Anne Berit Skiftesvik Ilmari E. Jokinen Howard I. Browman 《Lipids》2012,47(12):1181-1192
Temperature and ultraviolet B radiation (UVB 290–320?nm) are inextricably linked to global climate change. These two variables may act separately, additively, or synergistically on specific aspects of fish biochemistry. We raised Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) parr for 54?days in outdoor tanks held at 12 and 19?°C and, at each temperature, we exposed them to three spectral treatments differing in UV radiation intensity. We quantified individual fatty acid (FA) mass fractions in four tissues (dorsal muscle, dorsal and ventral skin, and ocular tissue) at each temperature?×?UV combination. FA composition of dorsal muscle and dorsal and ventral skin was not affected by UV exposure. Mass fractions of 16:0, 18:0, and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were greater in dorsal muscle of warm-reared fish whereas 18:3n-3, 20:2, 20:4n-6, 22:5n-3, 22:6n-3, n-3, n-6, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and total FA were significantly higher in cold-reared fish. Mass fractions of most of the FA were greater in the dorsal and ventral skin of warm-reared fish. Cold-reared salmon exposed to enhanced UVB had higher ocular tissue mass fractions of 20:2, 20:4n-6, 22:6n-3, n-3, n-6, and PUFA compared to fish in which UV had been removed. These observations forecast a host of ensuing physiological and ecological responses of juvenile Atlantic Salmon to increasing temperatures and UVB levels in native streams and rivers where they mature before smolting and returning to the sea. 相似文献
3.
Fatty Acid Profile of Sunshine Bass: I. Profile Change is Affected by Initial Composition and Differs Among Tissues 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fatty acid (FA) composition of fillet tissue can be tailored by transitioning fish from alternative lipid-based, low long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) grow-out feeds to high LC-PUFA "finishing" feeds. To address whether grow-out feed composition influences the responsiveness of fillet tissue to finishing, sunshine bass (SB, Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) were reared to a submarketable size on grow-out feeds containing fish oil (FO) or a 50:50 blend of FO and coconut (CO), grapeseed (GO), linseed (LO), or poultry (PO) oil. For the final 8 weeks of the trial, fish were either maintained on assigned grow-out feeds or finished with the 100% FO feed. Production performance was unaffected by dietary lipid source, but fillet FA profile generally conformed to nutritional history. Regardless of grow-out regimen, finishing had a significant restorative effect on fillet FA composition; however, complete restoration of control levels of 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, total LC-PUFA and n-3:n-6 FA ratio was achieved only among fish fed the CO-based grow-out feed. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) appear to be preferential catabolic substrates, whereas medium-chain and long-chain PUFA are selectively deposited in tissues. Provision of SFA in grow-out feeds appears to optimize selective FA metabolism and restoration of beneficial fillet FA profile during finishing. 相似文献
4.
The intake of fat, saturated and monounsaturated FA (SFA and MUFA), and omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA has been estimated in 641
Belgian women (age 18-39 y). Their food intake was recorded using a 2-d food diary. The PUFA included were linoleic (LA),
alpha-linolenic (LNA), arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaeonoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids.
The mean total fat intake corresponded to 34.3% of total energy intake (E). The mean intake of the FA groups corresponded
to 13.7%, 13.1%, and 6.0% of E, for SFA, MUFA, and PUFA, respectively. The mean intake of LA was 5.3% of E and of LNA was
0.6% of E, with a mean LA/LNA ratio of 8.7. The mean intake of AA was 0.03% of E. The mean intake of EPA, DPA, and DHA was
0.4%, 0.01%, and 0.06% of E, respectively. According to the Belgian recommendations, the total fat and SFA intake was too
high for about three-quarters of the population. The mean LA and overall n-6 PUFA intake corresponded with the recommendation,
with part of the population exceeding the upper level. Conversely, the population showed a large deficit for LNA and n-3 PUFA.
The major food source for LA and LNA was fats and oils, followed by cereal products. The main sources of long-chain PUFA were
fish and seafood, and meat, poultry, and eggs. From a public health perspective, it seems desirable to tackle the problem
of low n-3 PUFA intake. 相似文献
5.
J. R. E. Rasoarahona P. A. R. Ramanoelina J.-P. Bianchini E. M. Gaydou 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2008,85(5):435-440
Muscle lipids and fatty acids (FA) of catfish Arius madagascariensis were determined in catfish caught in the Betsiboka River, Madagascar, during a 5-month sampling period. Total lipids from
muscle were extracted and quantified. Fatty acids were identified by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of FA methyl
esters and FA pyrrolidides, leading to the identification of 42 FA. Lipid content was relatively high in our fish sample and
ranged from 4.3 to 6.6% of wet muscle. Three FA dominated the FA composition: palmitic acid (C16:0, 22.9–32.6%), oleic acid
(C18:1n-9, 11.3–13.4%) and stearic acid (C18:0, 10.8–12.0%). A number of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were present in appreciable
amounts, including arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6, 4.7–7.6%), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:4n-6, 3.0–8.1%), eicosapentaenoic acid
(C20:5n-3, 0.6–1.0%), n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3, 1.1–1.6%), n-6 docosatetraenoic acid (C22:4n-6, 0.7–1.2%) and n-6
docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6, 0.9–1.8%). The sum of the n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA was 11.3–18.8 and 7.5–13.4%, respectively.
These results indicate that A. madagascariensis, an abundant freshwater fish in Madagascar rivers, may be good source of dietary PUFA. 相似文献
6.
Nathalie Barouh Slim Abdelkafi Benjamin Fouquet Michel Pina Frantz Scheirlinckx Frédéric Carrière Pierre Villeneuve 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2010,87(9):987-995
The non-water-soluble fraction of Carica papaya latex (CPL) constitutes a waste material from papain production; very little information exists regarding its chemical composition.
The non-water-soluble fraction of CPL was fractionated by liquid chromatography into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids.
The most abundant compounds were found to be the polar lipids, accounting for 79.2% (w/w) of the total extractible matter,
while the total amount of neutral lipids was only around 20%. It was composed of free fatty acids, sterols and triterpenic
alcohols, but no glycerides were detected. A high content of saturated fatty acids was measured; these saturated fatty acids
were represented by very long chains with C24:0, C26:0 and C28:0 accounting for 6.3, 11.0 and 6.3%, respectively, in the total
extractible matter and 7.3, 9.0 and 3.9% in the FFA fraction. The monounsaturated fatty acids were about 23–25% in both samples,
with oleic acid (C18:1) being the most abundant. The polyunsaturated fatty acids that were 25.1% in the total matter and 21.6%
in the FFA fraction were mainly represented by linoleic acid (C18:2n-6). Finally, a very interesting characteristic of the
FA composition of this latex concerns the presence of odd-numbered fatty acids in significant amounts (around 22% in the total
extract and 24.3% in the FFA fraction). 相似文献
7.
The proximate and fatty acid compositions of the commercially important fish species (Engraulis encrasicolus, Alosa alosa, Belone belone, Scorpaena porcus, Pomatomus saltatrix, Mullus barbatus) from the Sinop region of the Black Sea were examined. The fat contents ranged from 1.26% (for scorpion fish) to 18.12% (for shad). The protein contents were min 14.54% (for red mullet) and maximum 20.26% (for belone). The fatty acid compositions of the fish ranged from 27.83 to 35.91% for saturated fatty acids, 19.50-33.80% for monounsaturated fatty acids and 15.25-40.02% for polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among the saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid (16:0) (17.75-22.20%) was the dominant fatty acid for all the fish species. As a second saturated fatty acid, myristic acid (14:0) was observed in four of the fish species and its content ranged from 4.72 to 7.31%. Whereas, for the other two fish species, the second saturated fatty acid was stearic acid (18:0) ranging between 4.54 and 10.64%. Among the monounsaturated fatty acids, those occurring in the highest proportions were oleic acid (18:1n-9c) (11.67-22.45%) and palmitoleic acid (16:1) (4.50-9.40%). Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) (5.41-28.52%), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) (4.68-11.06) and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) (1.38-3.49%) were dominant polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. All the species, in particular the belone, the anchovy and the shad had high levels of the n-3 series. 相似文献
8.
Jesuí Vergílio Visentainer Maximiliano D’Addio Noffs Patricia de Oliveira Carvalho Vanessa Vivian de Almeida Cláudio Celestino de Oliveira Nilson Evelázio de Souza 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2007,84(6):543-547
Lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined in edible meat of fifteen marine fish species caught on the Southeast
Brazilian coast and two from East Antarctic. Most of the fish had lipid amounts lower than 10% of their total weight. Palmitic
acid (C16:0) predominated, accounting for 54–63% of the total amount of saturated fatty acids. Oleic acid (C18:1n-9) was the
most abundant (49–69%) monounsaturated fatty acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was the predominant polyunsaturated fatty
acid (PUFA), accounting for 31–84% of n-3 PUFA. n-3 PUFA level were highest in Antarctic fish meat, comprising 45% of the
total fatty acid content, which consisted of mainly EPA (16.1 ± 1.5 g/100 g lipids) and DHA (24.8 ± 2.4 g/100 g lipids). The
amounts of EPA + DHA in g/100 g of lipids on the Southeast Brazilian coast and Antarctic fish species investigated were found
to be similar: 42.0 ± 1.7 for Bonito cachorro, 41.0 ± 2.3 for Atum, and 39.4 ± 1.8 for peixe porco, respectively. All the
studied species exhibited an n-3/n-6 ratio higher than 3, which confirms the great importance of Southeast Brazilian coast
fish as a significant dietary source of n-3 PUFA. 相似文献
9.
High Arachidonic Acid Levels in the Tissues of Herbivorous Fish Species (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Siganus fuscescens,Calotomus japonicus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Kyphosus bigibbus</Emphasis>)
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Asada Jiarpinijnun Soottawat Benjakul Akasith Pornphatdetaudom Junichiro Shibata Emiko Okazaki Kazufumi Osako 《Lipids》2017,52(4):363-373
The lipid and fatty acid compositions in the various organs (muscle, liver, other viscera) and stomach contents of three common herbivorous fish species in Japan, Siganus fuscescens, Calotomus japonicus and Kyphosus bigibbus, were examined to explore the stable 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid, ARA) sources. Triacylglycerol (TAG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) were the dominant lipid classes, while the major FA contents were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 14:0, 18:0, 18:1n-7, and some PUFA, including ARA, 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 22:5n-3 (docosapentaenoic acid, DPA), and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). The amounts of these fatty acids were varied among species and their lipid classes. Phospholipids contained higher levels of PUFA than TAG. However, ARA in both phospholipids and TAG was markedly present in the muscle and viscera of all specimens, particularly in C. japonicus and K. bigibbus. Moreover, their ARA levels were higher than the levels of DHA and EPA. The observed high ARA level is unusual in marine fish and might be characteristic of herbivorous fish. Furthermore, ARA was the dominant PUFA in the stomach contents of the three species, suggesting that the high ARA level originated from their food sources. The above indicates that these three herbivorous fishes are ARA-rich marine foods and have potential utilization as stable ARA resources. 相似文献
10.
A. Robles Medina A. Giménez Giménez F. García Camacho J. A. Sánchez Pérez E. Molina Grima A. Contreras Gómez 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(5):575-583
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) from the marine microalgaIsochrysis galbana were concentrated and purified by a two-step process—formation of urea inclusion compounds followed by preparative high-performance
liquid chromatography. These methods had been developed previously with fatty acids from cod liver oil. By the urea inclusion
compounds method, a mixture that contained 94% (w/w) stearidonic (SA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), plus docosahexaenoic (DHA)
acids (4:1 urea/fatty acid ratio and 4°C crystallization final temperature) was obtained from cod liver oil fatty acids. Further
purification of SA, EPA, and DHA was achieved with reverse-phase C18 columns. These isolations were scaled up to a semi-preparative column. A PUFA concentrate was isolated fromI. galbana with methanol/water (80:20, w/w) or ethanol/water (70:30, w/w). With methanol/water, a 96% EPA fraction with 100% yield was
obtained, as well as a 94% pure DHA fraction with a 94% yield. With ethanol/water as the mobile phase, EPA and DHA fractions
obtained were 92% pure with yields of 84 and 88%, respectively. 相似文献
11.
Recent studies suggest that dietary krill oil leads to higher omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) tissue accretion compared to fish oil because the former is rich in n-3 PUFA esterified as phospholipids (PL), while n-3 PUFA in fish oil are primarily esterified as triacylglycerols (TAG). Tissue accretion of the same dietary concentrations of PL- and TAG-docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) (DHA) has not been compared and was the focus of this study. Mice (n = 12/group) were fed either a control diet or one of six DHA (1%, 2%, or 4%) as PL-DHA or TAG-DHA diets for 4 weeks. Compared with the control, DHA concentration in liver, adipose tissue (AT), heart, and eye, but not brain, were significantly higher in mice consuming either PL- or TAG-DHA, but there was no difference in DHA concentration in all tissues between the PL- or TAG-DHA forms. Consumption of PL- and TAG-DHA at all concentrations significantly elevated eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) (EPA) in all tissues when compared with the control group, while docoshexapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) (DPA) was significantly higher in all tissues except for the eye and heart. Both DHA forms lowered total omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) in all tissues and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the liver and AT; total saturated fatty acid (SFA) were lowered in the liver but elevated in the AT. An increase in the DHA dose, independent of DHA forms, significantly lowered n-6 PUFA and significantly elevated n-3 PUFA concentration in all tissues. Our results do not support the claim that the PL form of n-3 PUFA leads to higher n-3 PUFA tissue accretion than their TAG form. 相似文献
12.
R. G. Ackman W. M. N. Ratnayake B. Olsson 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1988,65(1):136-138
It is known that the 20:1 and 22:1 fatty acids of fish oils from temperate and northern latitudes are of exogenous origin.
By discounting these two fatty acids, calculation shows that the remaining fatty acids are a “basic” composition for these
fish oils, with similar totals for saturated (14:0, 16:0), monounsaturated (16:1, 18:1) and polyunsaturated (primarily n-3)
fatty acids. Thus, any of these oils are potential raw materials for urea complexing of acids or esters to give concentrates
enriched in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids.
Presented in part at the AOCS Canadian Section Conference in Guelph, Oct. 8–9, 1986. 相似文献
13.
The lipid and fatty acid compositions of the total lipids of three cultured populations (migratory between fresh and salt
water, Lake Biwa landlocked, and Setogawa River forms) of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, were investigated to clarify the difference in lipid characteristics and temperature adaptability among the three groups.
Triacylglycerols were the dominant depot lipids of the three populations, while phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine
and phosphatidylethanolamine, were found to be the major components of the polar lipids, and their lipid classes are similar
to each other. The major fatty acids in the triacylglycerols of all specimens were 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-7, 18:1n-9,
18:2n-6 (linoleic acid), 20:5n-3 (EPA, icosapentaenoic acid), and 22:6n-3 (DHA, docosahexaenoic acid), similar to the tissue
phospholipids of the three populations, 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, EPA, and DHA. All classes
had high levels of 18:2n-6, which originates from their dietary lipids. Compared with the lower DHA levels of the triacylglycerols,
the higher levels in the phospholipids suggest their selective accumulation or a biosynthetic pathway to DHA as in freshwater
fish. Two populations (the migratory and Setogawa River forms) adapted to lower temperatures with comparatively high levels
of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for their membrane fluidities. With significantly higher levels of n-3 PUFA and total
PUFA, the mean DHA content in the lipids of the Setogawa River form (the population that adapted to lower temperatures) was
significantly higher than that of the migratory form. From these results, we concluded that the Setogawa River population
actively concentrates long-chain PUFA in its polar lipids and has high adaptability to low temperature. 相似文献
14.
The fatty acid (FA) profiles of edible muscle of selected commercially important freshwater and marine fish species from Turkey
were investigated. The fatty acid compositions of freshwater fish species were 23.00–29.60% saturated (SFA), 25.70–36.50%
monounsaturated (MUFAs), and 26.59–31.92% polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs), whereas the fatty acid compositions of marine fish
consisted of 21.08–36.90% (SFA), 18.03–51.45% MUFAs, and 20.92–53.17% PUFAs. There was a wide variation and significant (P < 0.05) differences among the fatty acid profiles of the freshwater and marine fish samples, including differences in the
SFA, MUFA, PUFA, EPA, DHA, DHA/EPA, total n-3 PFAs, total n-6 PUFAs and n-3/n-6 values. In addition, the cheap marine fish
species such as anchovy and European pilchard, bogue are better dietary sources of n-3 PUFAs than more expensive species such
as bluefish, Atlantic mackerel, sea bream and sea bass. Through the application of two multivariate statistical methods, Principal
Component and Hierarchical Analysis, fish species from Turkey waters were classified according to the geographical locations
categorized in terms of fatty acid profiles. Clustering by fish species also gave rise to defined groups. 相似文献
15.
Concentrating PUFA from mackerel processing waste 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mackerel processing waste comprising skins, viscera, and muscle tissue was evaluated for concentrating PUFA by urea complexation.
Fish oil was extracted using either chloroform/methanol (2∶1, vol/vol) or hexane/isopropanol (3∶2, vol/vol). The yield of
oil, as well as iodine, peroxide, and acid values, was determined for fresh fish oil extracts, and oil samples were storel
at −70°C in the presence of 100 ppm α-tocopherol. PUFA concentrates were prepared from saponified fish oil. The mean oil yields
were 9.18±2.3, 9.2%±2.4, and 38.1±3% for viscera, muscle, and skin, respectively. The mean baseline iodine value was 134±5,
which increased to 296±7 after urea complexation. It was possible to concentrate PUFA from mackerel processing waste. The
type of tissue used did not affect the amount of PUFA concentrated. Mackerel skin was most desirable because of its high oil
content. 相似文献
16.
Shu Cheng Liu De Tao Li Peng Zhi Hong Chao Hua Zhang Hong Wu Ji Jia Long Gao Li Zhang 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2009,86(12):1155-1161
Marine fishes are rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA), which are extremely important for human health. The objective of our work was to determine the content and composition
of lipids and fatty acids in the different tissues of cobia from China and to evaluate their nutritional value. The results
showed that cobia from China was rich in lipids; the neutral lipid content was above 82%; the content of cholesterol and phospholipid
was low. Eighteen fatty acids were identified. Myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and stearic acids (C18:0) were the main
saturated acids; palmitoleic (C16:1n-7) and oleic acid (C18:1n-9) were the main monounsaturated fatty acids. EPA and DHA were
the main PUFA; n-3 and n-6 PUFA were present as 12–18% and 2.6–3.2% of the total fatty acids, respectively. The n-6/n-3 ratio
was in the range from 0.18 to 0.22, which was far lower than that (5:1) recommended by WHO/FAO. Therefore, cobia lipids from
China have a high nutritional value. 相似文献
17.
Edward Siguel 《Lipids》1996,31(1):S51-S56
Dietary and plasma fatty acids have been linked to total cholesterol but not to the ratio of total/high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (TC/HDLC). To evaluate the relationship between dietary and plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
and TC/HDLC, we analyzed cross-sectional and longitudinal data using 519 plasma samples (50% men, 50% women) from subjects
participating in the Framingham Heart Study and results from a study feeding diets rich in either n-6 linoleic acid or n-3
α-linolenic acid with or without fish oil supplements (n-3 derivatives). Values of TC/HDLC are inversely related to the percent
of plasma PUFA when both variables are measured at the same time in different subjects,R=0.82,P<0.000001. PUFA in phospholipids increase in response to increased dietary intake of different PUFA, either n-3 or n-6 or
fish oils. There was a highly significant inverse relationship between TC/HDLC and the percent of PUFA in phospholipids,R=0.97,P<0.001. The relationship was similar regardless of the source and type of dietary fatty acids. A similar relationship existed
when only the baseline points were considered. When plasma PUFA % increases, either in response to a diet high in PUFA or
across different subjects, TC/HDLC ratios decline. Evaluation of plasma fatty acid profiles and increased balanced dietary
intake of PUFA to bring fatty acid profiles of subjects with low PUFA plasma levels closer to the profile of a healthy reference
group is an effective approach to reduce high TC/HDLC. Reductions of more than 50% in TC/HDLC appear feasible with dietary
modification alone. Further research into fatty acid metabolic activity may determine the biochemical basis of common dysplipidemias. 相似文献
18.
Valéria T. Crexi Micheli L. Monte Maurício L. Monte Luiz A. A. Pinto 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2012,89(2):329-334
The aims of this study were to compare three treatments in the chemical hydrolysis reaction of bleached oil from carp (Cyprinus carpio) heads and to obtain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrates by urea complexation. The three treatments were carried out
with different oil:ethanol molar ratios. In the treatment with a 1:39 molar ratio, a higher yield of free fatty acids was
found. These fatty acids were submitted to urea complexation (−10 °C for 20 h, and urea–fatty acid ratio of 4.5–1). There
was a 31.4% increase in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA) content and a 75% decrease in saturated
fatty acids (SAF) content. An increase of 85.4% in the EPA + DHA content was found. The non-urea complexing fraction can be
considered a rich source of MUFA and PUFA with a total amount of 88.9%. 相似文献
19.
Joel L. Ramirez Greg J. Zahner Kimberly A. Spaulding Sukaynah A. Khetani Nancy K. Hills Warren J. Gasper William S. Harris Beth E. Cohen S. Marlene Grenon 《Lipids》2019,54(4):211-219
Population-based data suggest that individuals who consume large dietary amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have lower odds of peripheral artery disease (PAD); however, clinical studies examining n-3 PUFA levels in patients with PAD are sparse. The objective of this study is to compare erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (FA) content between patients with PAD and controls. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 179 vascular surgery outpatients (controls, 34; PAD, 145). A blood sample was drawn and the erythrocyte FA content was assayed using capillary gas chromatography. We calculated the ratio of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) as well as the omega-3 index (O3I), a measure of erythrocyte content of the n-3 PUFA, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), expressed as a percentage of total erythrocyte FA. Compared with controls, patients with PAD smoked more and were more likely to have hypertension and hyperlipidemia (p < 0.05). Patients with PAD had a lower mean O3I (5.0 ± 1.7% vs 6.0 ± 1.6%, p < 0.001) and EPA:ARA ratio (0.04 ± 0.02 vs 0.05 ± 0.05, p < 0.001), but greater mean total saturated fats (39.5 ± 2.5% vs 38.5 ± 2.6%, p = 0.01). After adjusting for several patient characteristics, comorbidities, and medications, an absolute decrease of 1% in the O3I was associated with 39% greater odds of PAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.86, and p = 0.03). PAD was associated with a deficiency of erythrocyte n-3 PUFA, a lower EPA:ARA ratio, and greater mean total saturated fats. These alterations in FA content may be involved in the pathogenesis or development of poor outcomes in PAD. 相似文献
20.
Christina Wolf Nicole Gredig Susanne E. Ulbrich Michael Kreuzer Joel Berard Katrin Giller 《Lipids》2019,54(9):503-517
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FA), play an important role in the regulation of FA metabolism in all mammals. However, FA metabolism differs between different organs, suggesting a distinct partitioning of highly relevant FA. For the present study in cattle, a novel technology was applied to overcome rumen biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated FA. Angus heifers were fed a straw-based diet supplemented for 8 weeks with 450 g/day of rumen-protected oil, either from fish (FO) or sunflower (SO). The FA composition in blood and five important organs, namely heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen, was examined. In blood, proportions of polyunsaturated FA were increased by supplementing FO compared to SO. The largest increase of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) proportion was found with FO instead of SO in the kidney, the lowest in the lung. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was increased more in the liver than in kidney, lung, and spleen. The heart incorporated seven times more EPA than DHA, which is more than all other organs and described here for the first time in ruminants. In addition, the heart had the highest proportions of α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) of all organs. The proportions of polyunsaturated FA in the lung and spleen were exceptionally low compared to heart, liver, and kidney. In conclusion, it was shown that the response to FO in the distribution of dietary n-3 FA was organ-specific while proportions of n-6 FA were quite inert with respect to the type of oil supplemented. 相似文献