人发元素分析作为评价人体摄入环境污染物意义的研究

用仪器及放化中子活化分析法研究了人发微量元素与人体内脏器官的相关性。对人体生物样品中的毒性元素As、Cd、Hg及人体必需元素Se、Cu、Zn含量作了分析。从24例男性尸体的器官组织肝、肾、肺、大脑及人发研究结果表明,在发As和肾As之间,在发Se和肝、肾、肺Se水平之间存在有明显的相关性。吸烟与否与体内肾Cd和肺Cd的积累有明显的差异,但对其余元素As、Se、Cu、Zn、Hg在人发和内脏器官组织水平之间未观察到有显著的相关性。     

器官和组织中元素含量的研究

微量元素是人体的重要组成部分,而且,某些微量元素是人体所必需的。为了给中国参考人参数提供依据,为微量元素和健康关系的研究提供我国的当前资料,分析了10种器官和组织中（心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、甲状腺、小肠、肌肉和骨）30种元素的含量。 中子活化法是元素分析的最有效方法之一。利用超热中子活化法测定器官和组织中碘和溴的含量,利用仪器中子活化法测定铝、钙等其余28种元素的含量。分析条件分别为:1）中子注量率8×1011 cm-2·s-1,氮化硼作屏蔽材料,照射15min,冷却约5min,测量碘     

钙,微量元素与妊娠关系的初步研究

用X射线荧光分析法(XRF)测定了1023例孕妇发中的Ca以及9种微量元素含量,与270例对照组相比,孕妇发中Sr、Mn、Ca含量显著降低(p<0.01),Zn、Cu、Fe含量也有不同程度的降低,特别是在妊娠晚期。     

85例正常人发中~(210)Po含量分析

放射性~(210)Po是人们受到天然放射性本底辐射的一种重要α核素,特别是在铀矿山,~(210)Po是使工作人员受到内照射的重要核素之一。 近年来,有关~(210)Po在人体内各组织器官中含量测定,国内外已作了大量工作,人发中~(210)Po含量,不少学者认为可作人体内~(210)Po含量的指示器。     

白血病患者头发中钙及微量元素的初步研究

应用放射性核素~(238)Pu源激发X射线荧光法测定了63例白血病患者头发中钙及锶、铅、锌、铜、镍、铁、锰、铬、钛等9种微量元素的含量。与同期苏州地区115名正常成人头发微量元素相比,发现男女患者发中Zn、Cu和Ca含量均明显下降,而Pb含量均显著上升(p≤0.05或p<0.001)。此外男性患者发中Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr亦明显上升,而女性患者发中Sr明显下降(p<0.05或p<0.001)。男性白血病发病率高于女性,可能同男性患者发中Mn、Fe、Ni、Cr含量显著升高有关。     

用放射源激发X射线荧光法测定两不同地热区人发中微量元素

头发是人体多种微量元素的蓄积和代谢器官之一,研究其微量元素的浓度及其特征,不仅可反映出头发生长时期各元素的摄入量和代谢情况,而且还可获知周围环境,生态系统及生物链中大量的重要信息。本文主要介绍用放射性同位素源激发X荧光的方法,分析了生活在两个不同地热区(天津市内两所高等院校,简称地热Ⅰ区和地热Ⅱ区,两区近邻,自然条件、经济条件及社会条件基本一致,只是各自使用自己的地热水供浴池和研究生楼生活用水)。人的头发中K,Ca,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Sr等9种微量元素的含量以及两区地热水中元素的含量,结果表明地热Ⅰ区的人发含锶均值显著高于地热Ⅱ区的值,这与Ⅰ区地热水中锶含量高于Ⅱ区的锶含量是一致的。而发中铜含量均值,Ⅰ区     

S186对狗组织中微量元素的影响

报道放射性锶促排药S186(乙酰丙胺二膦酸钙钠盐)连续肌注30d对狗微量元素Cu、Zn、Mn含量的影响。微量元素的测定采用PE3030原子吸收分光光度仪。实验观察到连续肌注S186(50,100,200mg/kg)30d对Beagle狗组织中(心、肝、脾、肺、肾、小肠等)微量元素(Cu、Zn、Mn),除肝Cu含量与对照组相比有增高外,其余均无明显变化。     

用PIXE方法分析人发中微量元素时数据质量问题剖析

头发是人体排泄微量元素的器官之一,头发中微量元素的含量间接地反映人体中微量元素的含量。头发中微量元素的含量能反映一定时间内人体微量元素含量的情况。它可以作为环境条件和人体功能的“指示器”,给出环境污染和人体健康与疾病的信息。而发样又     

头发中钙及微量元素含量的性别差异研究

用X射线荧光分析法测定了上海和苏州地区4127例居民头发中钙及9种微量元素的含量,发现不管地区与年龄如何,发中Sr、Mn、Ca的含量总是女性高于男性,而Pb含量总是男性高于女性,差异非常显著(p<0.01)。从不同生理条件下发中元素含量的比较中也可以看出,这些元素必然与女性的某些特殊生理功能有联系。     

人发中微量元素的中子活化分析

本文介绍采用长短照射相结合的仪器中子活化分析法,测定了克山病病区、非病区的男性儿童头发中多种微量元素含量。比较了国内常用的及IAEA推荐的清洗方法对头发中微量元素测定的影响。用NBS标准参考物核对了实验中使用的部份标准,结果满意。本工作共分析了48例头发样品中27种元素含量,初步获得了某些元素在三个地区人发中分布的规律。     

Trace element analysis of blood samples from mentally challenged children by PIXE

The accelerator based ion beam analysis method of proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) has been used for analysing up to 14 elements in the blood serum of patients, collected from rehabilitation centres for the mentally retarded and from Medical College Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The experimental subjects of the different groups displayed significant variations in their levels of certain trace elements such as zinc, iron, copper, phosphorus, chlorine, and rubidium. The results are compared with those of healthy control subjects and are discussed in detail in this paper. Hence, PIXE as a method of trace element analysis can be used to determine trace element content in mentally challenged patients.     

Forensic analysis of tempered sheet glass by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE)

The elemental concentrations of five trace elements in tempered sheet glass fragments were determined using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectrometry. The trace element concentrations for calcium, iron, manganese, strontium, and titanium are compared to those obtained by inductively-coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) following complete digestion by hydrofluoric acid. For these five elements, the absolute concentrations obtained by both methods are shown to agree well over a wide range of concentrations. The limits of detection for trace elements are typically lower for the ICP-AES method. However, we show that the concentrations of these five elements can be accurately measured by the PIXE method. Since PIXE is an entirely non-destructive method, there exists a niche for this technique to be used as a complement to the more sensitive ICP-AES technique in the forensic analysis of sheet glass.     

玉石及中国古代玉器的PIXE分析

本文用外束PIXE技术分析了中国古代玉器和玉石的主量、微量元素的种类和含量.实验结果表明,外束PIXE技术在判定古代玉器的玉料来源和区别不同产地玉石方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

A quantitative basis for hair analysis using PIXE

The PIXE technique offers the possibility of scanning a single hair strand longitudinally with a millimetre proton beam for trace elements. However, the accuracy of the method has been questioned since the quantification of the mass concentration has been a serious problem. In this paper a specific beam-hair-detector geometry is assumed, and the correction factor accounting for the proton energy loss and the X-ray absorption in a regular hair is calculated. 43 hair segments from 8 individuals, ranging from 45 to 110 μm in in diameter were analyzed giving a mean value of 4.32% (standard deviation 0.25%) for sulphur, and a mean value of 149 ppm (standard deviation 35 ppm) for zinc. It is shown that the correction is important not only for the determination of the absolute elemental concentrations but also for the determination of their relative longitudinal distributions. The secondary corrections accounting for the inhomogeneous elemental distribution over the cross section and the irregular shape and/or the differing mass density of a hair are also calculated. It is concluded that the accuracy and precision of the PIXE method does not become considerably lower when it is applied to single hair strands, and accuracy and precision below 10% may be reached by implementing the procedure described.     

用PIXE技术分析山东省胃癌高,低发区饮水中的微量元素

介绍了用ＰＩＸＥ技术分析饮水中微量元素的方法，给出了山东省胃癌高发区栖霞县与低发区苍山县饮水中的微量元素谱。两地饮水中微量元素含量的检验显示，Ｔｉ，Ｖ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ和Ｆｒ等５种元素栖霞均显著高于苍山县。     

Thick-target Pixe analysis of chromium, copper and arsenic impregnated lumber

Chromium, copper and arsenic (CCA) have for decades been used for wood preservation. Of these elements especially arsenic is very toxic. As CCA impregnated wood is still today used for many construction purposes, a monitoring of these metal ions is of great environmental importance. Thick-target PIXE is a powerful method for the determination of trace metals in wood. The TTPIXE method enabled study of variations of the elemental concentrations in lumber treated with CCA impregnation solution. Distribution patterns were obtained for both naturally occurring elements and elements introduced in the treatment process. During the impregnation process a desorption of e.g. alkali metal ions takes place from the wood. The sensitivity of the method is improved by dry ashing of the samples prior to PIXE analysis. The TTPIXE method was calibrated and validated using international certified reference materials (CRM) based on wood material.     

股骨头松质骨中无机元素的PIXE分析

使用质子激发Ｘ射线荧光分析技术测定了５例正常人和７例股骨颈骨折患者股骨头松质骨中无机元素谱的分布。详细介绍了骨样品处理技术，建立了正确测定骨骼微量元素的定量方法。结果表明在对照组中元素Ｐ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｓｒ的含量高于病变组，统计检验表明有显著意义，而元素Ｓ、Ｋ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ在两组间无显著差异。对Ｃａ、Ｐ、Ｓｒ、Ｃｕ等无机元素的生理功能进行了初步的讨论。     

山东省胃癌高低发区健康人发中微量元素的PIXE分析

用ＰＸＩＥ方法测定山东省胃癌高发区栖霞县和低发区苍山县高发年龄组（５０－６０岁）的健康人发中的微量元素,结果表明前人发中的Ａｓ,Ｃｏ,Ｆｅ,Ｃｒ显著高于后者,而Ｓｅ则相反。     

用质子激发X荧光分析技术鉴别玉器种类

质子激发Ｘ荧光分析中以测定玉器的主量、次量及微量元素的成分和含量,因而可以将那些外形及颜色相近的玉器因其化学组分的不同而清楚地分开,并得知其真实的材料种类。对于主要化学组分一致的同类玉器,如果产于不同的地方,则由于其成矿地区地球化学环境的不同,它们的微量元素种类及含量也将有所不同,因而这一方法也可用来判定玉器的产地。