厚板材冲孔凸模断裂原因分析

厚板冲孔模凸模作为易损件,发生断裂现象会对机床设备、操作工自身安全都有重要影响。从实际冲孔模使用过程中出现的凸模断裂现象,结合理论知识及现场情况对凸模断裂原因进行分析研究。提出了改进措施,提高凸模稳定性,降低凸模断裂概率。     

DC53钢凸模失效分析与改善

采用直读光谱仪、金相显微镜、洛氏硬度计、扫描电镜等测试手段对DC53钢断裂凸模的材料成分、显微组织、硬度和断口形貌等进行检验分析,查找凸模断裂失效原因。结果表明,凸模结构设计产生的应力集中、加工刀痕及装配精度低是凸模断裂失效的主要原因。通过改进凸模结构及加工工艺,达到延长凸模使用寿命的目的。     

内花键反挤压凸模断裂分析及改进措施

针对内花键反挤压成形时出现的凸模断裂问题,通过对凸模进行断裂分析,得出断裂的原因为:内花键成形时挤压力较大,阶梯凸模圆角过渡处应力集中,该部位等效应力值为3800 MPa,超过凸模材料ASSAB88的抗弯强度3500 MPa,从而导致凸模在该处产生脆性折断。为避免凸模的早期失效,提出采用组合凸模来避免阶梯凸模圆角过渡处的应力集中问题,数值模拟结果显示,组合凸模工作时无应力集中,成形部分等效应力值约为3150 MPa。生产实践表明,组合凸模可避免凸模的早期失效。     

Cr12MoV冷挤凸模断裂的失效分析

通过断口分析、受力分析等方法,对Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ钢冷挤凸模的断裂性质和断裂原因进行了分析。判定其断裂属于过载正向脆性断裂,断裂主要原因是挤压变形度过大、凸模工作端形状不合理、凸模顶端直径过大、Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ钢带状碳化物的分布方向不合理及强度不足。建议采用两次挤压成形、改进凸模工作端的形状设计、减小凸模顶端直径和改用基体钢。     

连接螺母冲孔模的改进

针对连接螺母冲孔过程中凸模经常发生断裂现象,对凸模断裂的原因进行了分析,提出了改进凸模结构、合理选择凸模材料和改进斜梁橡胶结构尺寸等措施,通过采取以上措施,凸模使用寿命由原来的平均200件提高到平均6,000件左右,提高30多倍,大大降低了零件的生产成本。     

花键套冷挤压成形工艺方案分析

针对花键套在冷挤压成形内花键时出现的凸模断裂问题,建立内花键成形的有限元模型并进行数值模拟。模拟结果表明,凸模导向区与齿形区截面变化大,圆角过渡处容易产生应力集中,从而导致在过渡处发生断裂。提出去掉凸模导向区、在凹模内增加浮动芯轴作为导向的解决措施。并对改进的工艺方案进行数值模拟分析,凸模无应力集中现象,花键套无成形缺陷。工艺实验结果表明,采用改进的工艺方案可以有效避免凸模反挤压成形内花键的断裂问题,延长模具使用寿命。     

Cr12MoV钢凸模失效分析

Cr12MoV钢凸模在使用过程中突然断裂失效,采用直读光谱仪、金相显微镜、洛氏硬度计、体视显微镜和扫描电镜等方法对Cr12MoV钢冲模凸模的材料成分、显微组织、硬度和断口形貌进行检验分析,并对凸模进行强度校核。结果表明,凸模强度不足,共晶碳化物偏析严重,大块碳化物尺寸超标是导致凸模爆裂的主要原因,建议改进凸模结构、锻造工艺或选择新材料来解决凸模失效的问题。     

引线框架冲裁凸模结构优化设计

集成电路的芯片一些引线框架引线间距较小,相应的冲裁凸模刃口尺寸小、强度低,凸模在工作过程中容易产生崩刃甚至断裂,无法满足使用要求。通过对原凸模进行结构优化后,设计加工出满足使用要求的凸模零件。通过实际生产的验证,改进后的凸模取得了很好的效果。     

高强钢纵梁落料冲孔方案的研究

探索采用700L高强钢作为卡车纵梁材料来实现制件减重。为解决纵梁落料冲孔模生产时常见的冲孔凸模断裂问题,以现有某量产车型的纵梁落料冲孔模来进行700L高强钢的生产实验,记录生产过程的机床工作台震动量、冲裁力等数据,为落料冲孔方案确定提供研究方向。通过优化制件结构以及对纵梁落料冲孔凸模进行阶梯型布置,减少冲裁力,校核模具冲裁中心与机床中心,减少设备震动对凸模寿命的影响。最终解决了冲孔凸模断裂频发的问题。     

阀螺钉冷挤压凸模断裂失效分析

针对阀螺钉冷挤压成形时出现的凸模断裂问题,通过对断口的宏观观察,发现有疲劳特征。运用Deform2D/3D对模具的模拟显示凸模台阶圆角过渡处应力集中,等效应力2 930 MPa,超过凸模材料抗弯强度(2 500 MPa),是模具在此部分发生脆性折断的重要原因。为避免凸模阶梯圆角处应力集中,采用组合凸模的设计方法。数值模拟显示,组合凸模在工作时无应力集中。根据改进后的凸模设计方案进行实验,对实验中出现的孔成形凸模硬度不足问题,确定了成形孔的凸模硬度应达到62 HRC,有效的解决了生产中凸模早期失效的问题。     

冷挤压凸模固定方式的探索

通过介绍冷挤压凸模易断裂的情况,分析了易断的主要原因。提出了在凸模与凸模固定套之间加一45钢圈,本文称之为缓冲圈,来改善凸模的受力状况,实现了保护冷挤压凸模,延长凸模寿命的目的,缓冲圈的使用效果显著。     

Prediction of shear-induced fracture in sheet metal forming

Necking has been the dominant failure mode in sheet metal forming industry and several analytical and numerical tools were developed to predict the onset of necking. However, the introduction of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) with reduced ductility brought up an issue of a shear fracture which could not be predicted using the concept of Forming Limit Curve (FLC). The Modified Mohr-Coulomb fracture criterion (MMC) was recently shown to be applicable to problems involving ductile fracture of materials and sheets. In the limiting case of plane stress, the fracture locus consists of four branches when represented on the plane of the equivalent strain to fracture and the stress triaxiality. A transformation of above 2D fracture locus to the space of principal strains was performed which revealed the existence of two new branches not extensively studied before. The existence of those branches explains the formation of shear-induced fracture. As an illustration of this new approach, initiation and propagation of cracks is predicted and compared with series of deep-drawing punch tests of ThyssenKrupp AHSS (grade RA-K 40/70, standard HCT690T) performed at ThyssenKrupp. It was shown that the location of fracture as well as the magnitude of punch travel corresponding to first fracture was correctly predicted by MMC fracture criterion for both circular and square punch.     

减速顶滑动油缸体温挤工艺的数值模拟

采用温挤压成形工艺生产减速顶滑动油缸体时,冲头经常会出现磨损和断裂失效。本文采用基于ＡＮＳＹＳ软件的二维弹塑性热力耦合数值模拟系统,对该工艺进行数据模拟,得到了变形过程中的金属流动、工件及模具的应力场、应变场和温度场的变化,并根据这些结果对冲头失效的原因进行了分析。     

铝合金板材胀形极限的数值模拟研究

应用韧性断裂准则与有限元数值模拟相结合的方法预测了铝合金板料的胀形极限.将有限元模拟获得板材的应力、应变值代入考虑应力三轴度的Oyane韧性断裂准则进行断裂判断,预测出初始断裂点.准则中的材料常数通过单向拉伸和平面拉伸试验确定.计算了三种铝合金板的半球形凸模胀形极限,计算结果表明,应用Oyane韧性断裂准则能有效地预测铝合金板材的胀形极限.     

Effect of punch speed on the formability behavior of austenitic stainless steel type 304L

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of punch speed on forming limit diagram (FLD) and the formability of austenitic stainless steel type 304L. Effect of strain rate on the height of dome is studied using the hemispherical punch test. Results of this study show that strain rate has significant effect on FLD in this material and high formability obtains at low strain rate. The safe area of FLD between major and minor strains is extended under low strain rate. It is seen that at low punch speed, failure and fracture occur at the pole region (top of the dome), whereas at higher forming rates, failure occurs close to the flange region. Modeling studies are also carried out using Ls-Dyna to know the region of high stress concentration and to predict the location of fracture. There is good agreement between simulation and experimental results.     

Gradually contacting punch for improving stretch flangeability of ultra-high strength steel sheets

A gradually contacting punch for improving stretch flangeability of ultra-high strength steel sheets having small ductility was developed. In the gradually contacting punch, tensile stress around the corner edge of the sheet in stretch flanging is decreased by gradually pressing the edge of the sheet with the inclined bottom of the punch. The critical flange heights of bent 980 and 1180 MPa ultra-high strength steel sheets without fracture with the gradually contacting punch increased by 32% and 31%, respectively. In addition, the stroke limit of the press was avoided by 2-stage flanging consisting of peripheral bending and corner bending.     

Effects of Vertical Angle of Conical Punch on Stretch Flangeability of High Strength Steel

To clarify the effects of the vertical angle of a conical punch on stretch flangeability, hole expansion forming tests were conducted. Test results showed that the hole expansion ratio becomes larger as the vertical angle decreases.Results also showed that the fracture strain at the fracture location on the hole edge was constant and independent of the vertical angle. This is because the hole expansion ratio was controlled not only by the fracture strain, which is independent of the vertical angle, but also by deformation uniformity along the hole edge. From the result of numerical analyses, it was determined that deformation uniformity depends on the gradient of circumferential stress along the radius direction. When the vertical angle is sharp, the circumferential stress showed a steep decline and the deformation localization was suppressed. Consequently, the hole edge deformed more uniformly and the hole expansion ratio became larger. It is concluded that in order to improve stretch flangeability of high strength steel, it is important to uniformly deform the hole edge by applying a conical punch with a sharp vertical angle.     

Effects of pre-bulging on 2024 aluminum alloy complex-shaped components

To improve the poor plasticity of 2024 aluminum alloy sheet, which causes wrinkle and fracture in conventional deep drawing of complexshaped components, hydromechanical deep drawing (HDD) with pre-bulging was investigated. The loading paths of chamber pressure and pre-bulging pressure were designed and optimized by numerical simulations and experiments, and effects of loading paths were obtained and analyzed for thickness, stress and defects. A reasonable loading path was determined. Thickness is more uniform when pre-bulging pressure is 2 MPa and chamber pressure is 15 MPa. The suspending area of a blank wrinkles easily between the punch and the die when pre-bulging pressure is smaller than 1.5 MPa; fracture occurs for the suspending area of blank between the punch and the die when pre-bulging pressure is larger than 8 MPa. The results show that a helpful friction can be generated, the stress state can be improved, and fracture and wrinkle can be avoided by a reasonable pre-bulging in the suspending area of the blank for a complex-shaped component. The uniformity of thickness and forming limit can be enhanced.     

Slight clearance punching of ultra-high strength steel sheets using punch having small round edge

A slight clearance punching process of ultra-high strength steel sheets using a punch having a small round edge was developed to improve the quality of the sheared edge. No crack from the edge of the punch was generated by relaxing concentration of deformation with the punch having a small round edge, and the fracture was delayed. A small edge radius of 0.13 mm was effective for improving the quality of the sheared edge of ultra-high strength steel sheets, the increase in shiny burnished surface. The delayed fracture was prevented by the increase in compressive residual stress for the punch having the small round edge. For 1000 strike punching of an ultra-high strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 1200 MPa, a sheared edge of high quality was produced with a TiAlN-coated punch having the small round edge. In addition, the chipping of the punch edge was prevented even for a slight clearance by the small round edge. It was found that both small round edge and slight clearance are indispensable for high quality punching of ultra-high strength steel sheets having low ductility.     

钛合金实心锭穿孔挤压穿孔过程有限元分析

探明实心锭穿孔过程的材料流动和穿透断裂行为对高性能优质无缝管材的实心锭穿孔挤压推广应用具有重要意义。以直径200 mm实心锭为原料,穿孔挤压成直径80 mm、壁厚10 mm的钛合金管材为研究对象,基于DEFORM-2D软件环境,建立了能够描述材料流动和穿透断裂行为的实心锭穿孔挤压穿孔过程的热力耦合有限元模型。研究分析了2种形状穿孔冲头的穿孔过程。结果表明:穿孔初始阶段变形行为类似正挤压,随后材料反向流动,堵头去掉前都是反挤压变形;正挤压变形下穿孔力迅速上升,上升至稳定值后开始反挤变形,去掉堵头后的穿透断裂阶段穿孔力迅速下降;采用圆柱形穿孔冲头情况下反挤时穿孔力变化幅度不大,而采用瓶形穿孔冲头情况下的穿孔力稳定一段时间后再次显著增加,瓶形穿孔冲头的穿孔力远大于圆柱形穿孔冲头的穿孔力;穿透断裂阶段,圆柱形穿孔冲头下的断裂行为类似于冲裁断裂,而瓶形穿孔冲头下的约束增强,其断裂面近似呈L型。