新型雪崩光电二极管和CsI（Tl）晶体组成的闪烁探测器

本文介绍Ｓ５３４５型雪崩光电二极管用于ＣｓＩ（Ｔｌ）晶体光信号的读出，测量了γ射线的能谱，对应于＾２２Ｎａ的１．２７ＭｅＶ的入射能量，得到６．８％的能量分辨率。并对能量分辨率与光耦合面积及晶体尺寸、成形时间、偏压的关系等进行了测量。将雪崩光电二极管和ＣｓＩ（Ｔｌ）晶体组成一种新型的闪烁探测器的实验研究这在国内尚属首次。     

恒温控制下的硅雪崩光电二极管单光子探测器的研制

介绍了一个基于工作在低温恒温系统中的硅雪崩二极管的单光子探测器的研制工作,详细叙述了研制背景、系统结构、工作原理和测试结果.     

硅光电二极管闪烁探测器

本文介绍了硅光电二极管闪烁探测器的组成，性能、应用及其试验验证。     

滤片—X光二极管阵列探测器的同步测量技术

本文描述了滤片－Ｘ光二极管阵列探测器的同步测量技术，在利用同步时标建立的的归一化坐标系中，不需要明确测量延迟时间，即可恢复由示波器记录的信号脉冲的时间同步特性，然后通过同校正后时间信号还原Ｘ光能谱的时间演变过程。     

硅微条粒子探测器

本文介绍了硅微条粒子探测器的研究情况，侧重于器件的基本结构及其工作原理。     

核探测器的进展

本文介绍了几种基本核探测器的国外最新进展。     

重离子束在线平行板雪崩探测器

为在HIRFL(Heavy Ion Rescarch Facility,Lanzhou)上进行重离子生物效应的研究,我们研制了一种在线平行板雪崩探测器,利用其电极分块的办法可以测定45mm直径束流截面上的均匀度和平均强度,对~(239)Pu α源,当极间距离为3mm,工作气体为1kPa的异丁烯,工作电压为750V时,快前置放大器的输出信号幅度可达0.8—1.2V。每个子探测器记录48MeV/u C~(6+)离子时的最高平均计数率为340k计数/s。该探测器结构紧凑,使用方便,经实验使用基本满足研究工作的要求。     

PIN光敏二极管X射线探测器的性能与应用研究

介绍了PIN型光敏二极管和电荷灵敏前放组成的X射线探测器的性能和测量结果，并与CdZnTe探测器的能谱测量结果进行了比较，还研究了温度对光敏二极管能量分辨率的影响，25℃时，光敏二极管探测器对241Am的59．5keV峰的能量分辨率为7．6％，冷却到0℃后达到4．7％。     

X射线纳秒时间分辨NIM电子学系统设计

主要介绍了一种用于X射线探测的纳秒时间分辨NIM电子学系统,并对该系统进行了功能测试、性能测试,得到了一些宝贵的是实验数据,为后续开展科学实验工作提供了参考。     

Nuclear fission power for 21st century needs: Enabling technologies for large-scale, low-risk, affordable nuclear electricity

We examine the principal concerns regarding provision of a large fraction of human energy needs with nuclear fission reactor-derived electricity, and offer robust physics and engineering responses to each of them. We then propose a representative system-level integration of these solutions to the longstanding problems that have confronted nuclear fission-based power. This integration obviates all fuel supply issues, including the entire set of isotopic enrichment ones, while rendering comparably useful as nuclear fuels all of the actinide elements and isotopes. It entirely avoids transport and reprocessing and the full set of ad hoc waste disposal issues, and completely precludes all those involving proliferation/diversion of fissile isotopes into weapons' programs. It offers high-grade heat in pressurized helium gas for thermodynamically efficient, economically appealing, environmentally attractive combined-cycle conversion to electricity while robustly avoiding prospects of internal overheating of any portion of the reactor's core or fuel. It provides highly redundant means of any desired statistical reliability for prevention of core meltdown in LOCA circumstances. It provides zero biospheric hazard in event of either natural or man-made catastrophe. It requires – indeed, admits of – no operator control actions, other than initial start-up and final shutdown commands, so that operator errors are entirely precluded; during the half-century of potentially full-power operational life in between these two commands, it thermostatically regulates in an entirely automatic manner its own nuclear power generation to match the heat removed from its core in a time-varying fashion. The thorium-burning variant of this new class of reactors involves no long-lived actinide isotopes, thereby obviating a present-day keystone issue of long-term reactor waste storage and disposal. Each of these novel features is technologically separable, so that these new reactor design concepts may be applied piecewise to enhance prospects of nuclear reactor-centered power generation in many different utilization circumstances. However, synergisms arising from their full integration seem likely to be compellingly attractive in most situations, for a constellation of economic and safety reasons. We therefore project a bright future for cheap electricity safely obtained in >10 TWe quantities from nuclear power reactors of this new type, moreover over multi-century time frames. We observe that pertinent aspects of neutron physics and modern technology together offer a far richer spectrum of possibilities for nuclear power reactors than has been significantly explored through the present; the present architecture is merely exemplary.     

European passive plant program: A design for the 21st century

In 1994, a group of European utilities initiated, together with Westinghouse and its industrial partner GENESI (an Italian consortium including ANSALDO and FIAT), a program designated EPP (European Passive Plant) to evaluate Westinghouse passive nuclear plant technology for application in Europe. The following major tasks were accomplished: (1) the impacts of the European utility requirements (EUR) on the Westinghouse nuclear island design were evaluated; and (2) a 1000 MWe passive plant reference design (EP1000) was established which conforms to the EUR and is expected to be licensable in Europe. With respect to safety systems and containment, the reference plant design closely follows that of the Westinghouse simplified pressurized water reactor (SPWR) design, while the AP600 plant design has been taken as the basis for the EP1000 reference design in the auxiliary system design areas. However, the EP1000 design also includes features required to meet the EUR, as well as key European licensing requirements.     

Role of Nuclear Energy in Environment, Economy and Energy Issues of the 21st century Green House Gas Emission Constraint Effects

Role and potentials of nuclear energy system in the energy options are discussed from the viewpoint of sustainable development with protecting from global warming by using the energy module structure of GRAPE model. The analysis with respect to carbon emission control and nuclear fissile transaction among regions indicates the need of coordinated further developments of energy conservation, renewable and nuclear energies, and rather drastic nuclear introduction in the presently developing world. The analysis also suggests the need of long-term planning and R&D efforts under the wisdom.     

用于测量软X射线能量角分布的多路纳秒门控积分器

介绍了纳秒量级的门控积分器。多路积分器采用模块化结构设计,每路门完全导通的时间约为７ｎｓ,用信号源信号作输入,积分非线性不超过２．９％,在“星光”装置上的性约束为实验中,每路门控积分器测量结果,与示波器积分测量结果对比,最大误差不超过满量程的３．３％。     

Test system of the front-end readout for an application-specific integrated circuit for the water Cherenkov detector array at the large high-altitude air shower observatory

The water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) is an important part of the large high-altitude air shower observatory (LHAASO),which is in a research and development phase.The central scientific goal of LHAASO is to explore the origin of high-energy cosmic rays of the universe and to push forward the frontier of new physics.To simplify the WCDA's readout electronics,a prototype of a front-end readout for an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is designed based on the timeover-threshold method to achieve charge-to-time conversion.High-precision time measurement and charge measurement are necessary over a full dynamic range [1-4000 photoelectrons (P.E.)].To evaluate the performance of this ASIC,a test system is designed that includes the front-end ASIC test module,digitization module,and test software.The first module needs to be customized for different ASIC versions,whereas the digitization module and test software are tested for general-purpose use.In the digitization module,a field programmable gate array-based time-todigital converter is designed with a bin size of 333 ps,which also integrates an inter-integrated circuit to configure the ASIC test module,and a universal serial bus interface is designed to transfer data to the remote computer.Test results indicate that the time resolution is better than 0.5 ns,and the charge resolution is better than 30％root mean square (RMS) at 1 P.E.and 3％ RMS at 4000 P.E.,which are beyond the application requirements.