梯度泡沫铝的撞击动力学分析

采用离散层状模型模拟了梯度泡沫铝的撞击过程。研究了不同密度组合、撞击速度与加速度时程曲线、高频分量、反弹动能等之间的关系。同时将相关结果与均质泡沫铝做了对比分析。并对其机理和作用机制做了探讨。梯度泡沫铝的性能具有良好的可设计性,可根据实际性能的需要设计梯度泡沫铝。     

梯度泡沫铝的制备及力学性能研究进展

梯度泡沫铝是一种具有多孔结构和高度可设计性的结构功能一体化材料。基于结构的特点,梯度泡沫铝在不同受力状态下具有独特的能量吸收行为,根据应用环境的需要可对其结构进行优化设计,因此梯度泡沫铝在减震吸能方面有巨大的潜能。结合国内外文献,概述了近些年有关梯度泡沫铝的制备及力学性能的主要研究进展。从固相法和液相法两方面介绍了梯度泡沫铝的主要制备方法,总结了梯度泡沫铝在准静态和动态压缩载荷下的力学响应,讨论了影响梯度泡沫铝吸能特性的因素。     

泡沫铝填充结构改善汽车低速碰撞耐撞性研究

为改善汽车低速碰撞耐撞性,减少维修成本,试验研究了铝空管及泡沫铝填充管的三点弯曲性能,对比分析了部分填充与全填充的泡沫铝填充管的承载特性及吸能总量。建立了对应的三点弯曲有限元仿真模型,对比试验结果与模拟结果,验证了有限元仿真模型的可靠性。基于泡沫铝填充管的研究结果,进行了某轻型物流车前防撞梁总成在C-IASI前端低速碰撞工况下的模拟试验,对比汽车前防撞梁本体填充泡沫铝前后的耐撞性。结果显示,在前防撞梁本体中填充泡沫铝,改善了车辆的碰撞吸能性,降低了前端侵入量,提高了汽车安全性。     

建筑用降噪泡沫铝合金的吸声性能研究

制备了3种特殊孔结构的Al-Si12泡沫铝,并研究了特殊孔结构对泡沫铝吸声吸能的影响。结果表明,与常规单一孔结构泡沫铝相比,特殊孔结构泡沫铝在高频区和低频区的吸声效果较强,而在中频区吸声效果相对较差。对于层状周期孔结构、层状梯度孔结构和宽孔径范围孔结构的泡沫铝,层状周期和层状梯度的层数越多或孔隙率越大,其吸声吸能越好。     

特殊孔结构Al-Si12泡沫铝的吸声性能研究

用渗流铸造法制备了3种特殊孔结构(宽孔径范围孔结构、层状梯度孔结构、层状周期孔结构)的Al-Si12泡沫,对其吸声性能进行了研究。结果表明,相同厚度下,层数多的层状梯度孔径结构泡沫铝的吸声性能优于层数少的梯度孔径结构泡沫铝;层数多的层状周期孔结构泡沫铝的吸声性能比层数少的周期孔结构泡沫铝的吸声性能略有提高;具有4层周期孔结构的Al-Si12泡沫铝样品具有较好的吸声性能,其平均吸声系数为0.82,比常规单一孔径结构的泡沫铝的平均吸声系数提高了0.21,其原因与扩张室结构、流阻及微型谐振腔有关。     

Ti40合金热压缩变形过程的开裂行为研究

用渗流铸造法制备了3种特殊孔结构(宽孔径范围孔结构、层状梯度孔结构、层状周期孔结构)的Al-Si12泡沫,对其吸声性能进行了研究.结果表明,相同厚度下,层数多的层状梯度孔径结构泡沫铝的吸声性能优于层数少的梯度孔径结构泡沫铝;层数多的层状周期孔结构泡沫铝的吸声性能比层数少的周期孔结构泡沫铝的吸声性能略有提高;具有4层周期孔结构的Al-Si12泡沫铝样品具有较好的吸声性能,其平均吸声系数为0.82,比常规单一孔径结构的泡沫铝的平均吸声系数提高了0.21,其原因与扩张室结构、流阻及微型谐振腔有关.     

泡沫铝表面Ni-W共沉积及性能研究

目的 进一步提高泡沫铝材料的强度及耐蚀特性,同时明确金属涂覆泡沫铝材料的综合耗能指标。方法 对泡沫铝表面预镀镍层后,在硫酸盐体系下,利用脉冲电镀进行镍钨合金共沉积。通过准静态压缩测试及扫描电镜分析,得到泡沫铝、预镀镍泡沫铝及镍钨共沉积泡沫铝材料的特征曲线及变形模式,综合分析材料的增强机理及综合耗能指标。采用电化学测试对比分析材料耐蚀特性。结果 泡沫铝表面共沉积镍钨合金层后,其峰值应力比镀镍泡沫铝平均提高了10%,较基体泡沫铝平均提高了约45%。强度提高来源于变形过程中包覆金属的支撑及铝基体-镍镀层界面处的拉伸撕裂。镍钨合金共沉积使泡沫铝的能量吸收增加38%,吸能效率有所提升,且其自腐蚀电位较镀镍泡沫铝及基体泡沫铝明显正移,腐蚀倾向及腐蚀速率降低。结论 泡沫铝表面镍钨合金共沉积使其强度、耐蚀性较镀镍泡沫铝进一步提高。由于特征曲线及变形模式的改变,镍钨共沉积泡沫铝的耗能特性提升明显。     

泡沫铝层合梁的弯曲性能

以泡沫铝为夹芯,长条薄铝板为面板制备泡沫铝层合梁,对泡沫铝层合梁的三点弯曲变形进行了研究。结果表明:泡沫铝层合梁的三点弯曲变形过程与泡沫铝的相似,层合梁的载荷曲线远远高于泡沫铝和面板的载荷曲线之和,显示出良好的层合效果;泡沫铝层合梁和泡沫铝承受载荷能力随着孔隙率的增大而逐渐减小;且同一孔隙率下泡沫铝层合梁的极限载荷点出现得比泡沫铝极限载荷点迟,极限载荷值约为后者的4～5倍;较厚面板和良好的孔结构可以提高泡沫铝层合梁载荷曲线,载荷分别增加70%和80%左右。泡沫铝层合梁在保持泡沫铝轻质同时,大大提高了其载荷极限,在工程应用中有着良好的应用前景。     

泡沫铝芯三明治板材U型弯曲成形试验研究

研究了泡沫铝芯三明治板材U型弯曲工艺,建立了冲压弯曲试验系统,给出了泡沫铝芯三明治板材弯曲变形模式和载荷位移曲线。综合运用试验、塑性力学理论分析了三明治板材冲压弯曲宏微观协调变形机制,以及泡沫铝三明治板材冲压成形板面泡沫铝芯问界面剥离、圆角半径处过度减薄、泡沫铝芯剪应力裂纹等主要成形缺陷。探讨了压边力和冲压成形板厚的控制规律。     

功能梯度金属泡沫填充管在冲击载荷下的高效吸能

研究功能梯度泡沫填充管(FGFTs)在落锤冲击载荷作用下的变形行为和耐撞性.采用液态工艺制备的闭孔泡沫铝、A356合金泡沫和锌泡沫作为轴向梯度填料,用于制备不同构造的单层和多层结构.结果表明,多层泡沫填充管的变形由低强度部位开始,然后通过应力的逐渐增加在高强度部位中扩展.使用更多的A356合金和泡沫铝层可为梯度结构提供...     

Fabrication of aluminium foams from powder by hot extrusion and foaming

In order to produce aluminium foams for light-weight and energy absorbing structures of automobiles, a method for fabricating aluminium foam from powder mixed with a foaming agent by using a mould is proposed. The method consists of four sequential processes: powder compacting, extruding, foaming and moulding. In the experiment for fabricating aluminium foam from powder, the conditions of powder extrusion and foaming by the heated die are determined from the density of the aluminium foams made without a mould. The experimental results show that the relative density of the aluminium foam made under appropriate conditions is 0.22. In moulding of aluminium foam, a stainless steel pipe is used as a mould and the cylindrical aluminium foam is produced by filling into the pipe mould. The distribution of relative density within the aluminium foam bar is in a range of 0.2–0.3 by rapid cooling of the pipe. To examine the ratio of deformation energy to weight of the pipe including the aluminium foam, a compression test using a press is carried out. The deformation energy of the pipe can be increased with aluminium foam filled by the proposed method.     

SiC颗粒增强铝合金基梯度复合材料锻造性能及其塑性图

对 Si C颗粒增强铝合金基梯度复合材料的锻造性能进行了实验研究 ,绘制了该材料的塑性图。结果表明 :Si C颗粒增强铝合金基梯度复合材料能进行热塑性变形 ,在变形时 ,材料梯度层间界面无相对滑动 ,变形后基体仍保持连续 ,致密度有所提高 ;轴向梯度复合材料的变形符合最小层材料沿高度方向的变形差异较大 ,故这类材料的塑性图应采用径向应变来表示     

采用粗空心微球低压粉末冶金法制备空心微球复合泡沫钛(英文)

在低压下采用粉末冶金法,使用粗尺寸空心微球制备出不同相对密度的钛空心微球复合泡沫材料。在压力为60~70 MPa,通过冷压制备得到不同相对密度的泡沫钛。研究冷压压力与空心微球破碎倾向和相对密度的函数关系。研究制备的泡沫钛材料的压缩变形行为,考虑到实际应用,建立了平台应力、弹性模量、致密化应变和能量吸收之间的经验关系。对比泡沫钛和致密钛的性能指标,发现在工程应用中泡沫钛是致密钛的优秀替代物。     

石膏型渗流法制备低密度开孔泡沫铝工艺研究

研究用可溶石膏型预制块制备低密度开孔泡沫铝的工艺。采用不同孔径的聚氨酯网状海绵为母体材料,用石膏粉、硫酸镁、铝矾土和水为配方制备石膏型预制块,并分析了硫酸镁和铝矾土的加入量对石膏型预制块可溶性和抗压强度的影响。通过加压渗流的方法制备出低密度的开孔泡沫铝,并对渗流参数的选择做出总结。结果表明：利用石膏型渗流法制得的开孔泡沫铝相对密度在0．1以下。     

Preliminary study on the fabrication of aluminium foam through pressure assisted sintering dissolution process

This paper discusses the improvement made by pressure assisted sintering dissolution process (PASDP) as opposed to the solid-state sintering dissolution process (SSSDP) which was used in producing a much improved open celled aluminium foam. The improvements leads to an aluminium foam possessing a high dense of cell wall which is attainable in a much shorter time and possesses superior mechanical properties. By varying the local sodium chloride (NaCl) volume fractions in the sodium chloride/aluminium (NaCl/Al) compact, it is possible to fabricate aluminium foam with different relative densities. When subjected to monotonic compression mode, the fabricated aluminium foam exhibits typical stress–strain behaviour of metallic foam. The principles of Taguchi's Design of Experiments were employed to optimize processing factors for the fabrication of aluminium foam. Results were analysed based on Taguchi's signal to noise ratio (S/N) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques in order to obtain the optimum combination of process parameter settings. Results indicate that the most notable factor influencing the fabrication of Al foam was the compaction at elevated temperature, followed by temperature, time and the process heating rate. The optimum processing parameters for the PASDP process were then predicted based on these results.     

Physical processes in laser-assisted aluminum foaming

Aluminum foam has become popular in recent years and has the potential to be used in many applications due to its lightweight structure. In this paper, laser-assisted foaming experiments have been performed to fabricate closed cell porous aluminum structures with different relative densities (0.39 to 0.33) and porosities of 61 to 67%. The influence of the processing conditions on the evolution of cell morphology of the foam is investigated. Preliminary results suggest that a pore size gradient and a density gradient exist in the structure as the processing condition changes. The foam has large pores and lower density for slow processing speed, in contrast to the fast processing speed with small pore size but higher density. Additionally, an example of laser-assisted cutting of Al foam is also demonstrated.     

Uniaxial stress–strain behaviour of aluminium alloy foams

The tensile and compressive stress–strain behaviour of closed cell aluminium alloy foams (trade name “Alulight”) has been measured and interpreted in terms of its microstructure. It is found that the foams are anisotropic, markedly inhomogeneous and have properties close to those expected of an open cell foam. The unloading modulus and the tensile and compressive yield strengths increase non-linearly with relative density. The deformation mechanisms were analysed using image analysis software and a d.c. potential drop technique. The scatter in results is attributed to imperfections within the foam. These include non-uniform density, weak oxide interfaces, and cell faces containing voids and cracks.     

Yield surface of polyurethane and aluminium replicated foam

It has been proposed in the literature, based on theoretical considerations and on finite-element calculations, that all three stress tensor invariants govern the yield surface of cellular materials. Recent experiments on 75 μm pore size aluminium replicated foams (Combaz E, Bacciarini C, Charvet R, Dufour W, Mortensen A. Multiaxial yield behaviour of Al replicated foam, submitted for publication) showed such a dependence of the yield surface in axisymmetric tests. This study explores the yield behaviour of 400 μm pore size aluminium replicated foams: experiments confirm the influence of the third invariant on the yield surface shape, together with the observations that (i) the yield surface shape does not depend on relative density and (ii) measured flow vectors conform with normality. A simple parabolic model fitting data in the previous study also captures well the present data under all tested stress states (biaxial, axisymmetric and Π-planes in stress space). Biaxial and axisymmetric tests are also performed on 400 μm pore size polyurethane (PU) replicated foams with a similar mesostructure. Results show yield to occur at a value lower than predicted by micromechanical models for both matrix materials (aluminium and PU). This suggests that the “knock-down” factor usually observed between predicted and observed stress values probably cannot be explained by a lowered yield stress in the material making the foam. The data also suggest an influence of the matrix nature on the yield surface geometry.     

稀土Er增强泡沫铝基复合材料的制备工艺研究

采用熔体发泡法制取泡沫铝基复合材料,系统分析了稀土Er含量、搅拌时间、保温时间和发泡剂含量对孔结构的影响。对稀土Er在铝熔体中的存在形式以及在增强过程中的强化机制进行了讨论。结果表明：加入质量分数0.40%稀土,搅拌时间7 min,发泡剂的质量分数为2%,保温5 min的条件下,可以制取孔结构均匀、孔隙率高的高强度泡沫铝基复合材料。     

Cold repeated forming of compact for aluminium foam

A cold repeated forming process of compacts for producing metal foams was developed in order to strongly bond powder particles. In this process, the compact undergoes severe plastic deformation for the strong bonding of particles by repeated backward extrusion and cup compression, and thus the compact largely foams owing to the accumulation of gas released from blowing agents inside the compact during heating. The cold repeated forming process without heating is much simpler than that for the conventional hot extrusion process. The relative density of the foam was decreased by adding silicon powder to the compact, and an aluminium foam having a relative density of 0.27 was obtained using two repeats of backward extrusion and cup compression, 1.5 mass% titanium hydride powder and 4 mass% silicon powder. In addition, a one-piece foam was successively produced from the bonding of two compacts during the foaming in a die. It was found that the cold repeated forming of compacts is effective for the production of metal foams.