基于BP神经网络与改进遗传算法的泵站优化调度

通常泵组件的调节主要依靠工程师经验,难以保证水泵在所有时段内均高效运行,易造成能源浪费,对此提出了以效率模型为依据的泵站优化调度方法。为减小误差,使用泵站实际运行数据基于BP神经网络训练水泵特性。在此基础上,利用训练后的数据初始化种群,以泵站效率之和最小为目标,建立泵站优化调度数学模型,设定水量、压力和高效区等约束条件,采用改进的遗传算法求解水泵组合方案及各泵运行参数。结果表明,改进遗传算法对泵站调度的优化效果明显,可适用于泵站的优化节能运行。研究成果为泵站优化调度运行提供了一种新方法。     

M市供水泵站优化调度模型及应用

为降低城市供水泵站能耗、提高企业效益,以泵站运行费用最低为目标函数,建立泵站优化调度模型,使用遗传算法求解最优的水泵运行组合,在满足供水量与供水压力的前提下,使水泵均运行在高效段内,减少了能量浪费,并以M市供水系统为例测试了泵站优化调度模型,利用泵站优化调度程序优化了A、B水厂泵站的运行情况,并对比优化能耗与原运行状况的实际能耗。结果表明,A水厂节能效果不明显,B水厂节约能耗约为27.08%,两座水厂的总能耗低于优化前的能耗,节能约14.02%。泵站优化调度理论及其优化方案可在减少供水企业运营成本、提升供水企业服务和管理水平、改善管网水力条件等各方面发挥重要作用。     

泵站进水泥沙淤积特性及其对泵装置性能的影响研究

含泥沙水流对泵站安全高效运行具有重要影响，开展多泥沙河流取水泵站防淤积研究具有重要意义。以某多泥沙河流泵站为研究对象，采用欧拉-欧拉多相流模型，在不同进口流速、泥沙粒径和浓度条件下，研究肘型、钟型、簸箕型和箱涵式进水流道的泥沙淤积特性，优选出防泥沙淤积效果最好的肘型进水流道进行泵装置性能研究。研究结果表明：前池斜坡段至进水流道底层形成低速区易造成泥沙淤积；设计工况下，肘型进水流道防淤效果最好，而箱涵式进水流道最差，多泥沙河流泵站优选肘型进水流道；流速、含沙量和粒径对泥沙淤积程度影响很大。相同流量工况下，泵装置的扬程在含沙水介质情况下降低，功率增加，效率下降，三者变化的幅度随着流量的增加而增大。本文研究成果可以为多泥沙河道取水泵站防泥沙淤积设计和优化运行提供一定参考。     

杭州三堡泵站进水池复杂流场的三维模拟分析

为了改善杭州三堡泵站进水池中的不良流态,运用成熟的商业数值分析软件,从N-S方程出发,以Realizableκ-ε湍流模型作为预测进水池漩涡核心区位置的手段,模拟分析了进水池在部分运行条件下侧向水流对正向水流较大的扰动,提出了增大侧向水流与正向水流的交汇角、布置导流墩阻隔横向水流的工程整流措施(方案3),从而提高了水泵的运行效率。     

非线性最小二乘法在离心泵特性曲线拟合的应用

针对常用离心泵特性曲线拟合算法中出现的驼峰形曲线问题,通过比较多种常用的拟合算法,并分析其优缺点;以山西某泵站离心泵为例,采用非线性最小二乘法拟合水泵特性曲线;最后通过泵站离心泵的实测数据,与最小二乘拟合的结果进行对比分析。结果表明,非线性最小二乘拟合算法精确度可靠,拟合出的离心泵特性曲线符合实测数据的整体趋势,更加合理可靠。研究成果可为泵站运行管理提供参考。     

一种随机性的推移质输沙率公式研究

基于颗粒受力平衡推导了推移质起动条件,根据近壁水流应力分布特性,提出了水流有效切应力区的概念,结合推移质在平衡输沙情况下的运动规律,得到了理论更为完善的随机性推移质输沙率公式,并对公式进行了起动条件敏感性分析,发现低水流强度下的输沙率计算对起动条件较为敏感,因而合适的推移质起动强度是控制输沙率计算精度的关键。利用经典推移质输沙率实测数据及野外实测资料对公式进行了检验,结果表明,该公式与实测数据吻合良好,验证了公式的合理性和适用性。     

630 MW燃煤机组循环水系统运行优化研究

以某630 MW燃煤机组的开式循环水系统为研究对象,分别建立循环水泵优化调度模型和机组背压预测模型。为提高模型计算准确性,基于自主开发的热力仿真设计平台中的湿汽透平模块,建立完整的机组仿真模型,计算低压缸排汽流量和排汽焓值。将三个模型耦合,实现机组循环水泵的优化调度。分析了不同电负荷及循环水入口温度下的最佳循环水泵的运行方式,并通过历史运行数据验证了优化模型的准确性,结果表明所建的循环水泵优化调度模型能有效提高机组的运行经济性,降低机组能耗。研究了全负荷段下不同循环水温的循环水泵最优运行方式,以指导机组深度调峰时的循环水泵调度。开发了循环水泵实时优化调度系统,基于现场实时数据给出当前工况下最佳的循环水泵运行方式,为现场运行人员循环水泵调度提供指导建议。     

两种挟沙力公式在黄河游荡段的适用性研究

基于黄河游荡段花园口断面、水文站及夹河滩断面、水文站的实测数据,对张瑞瑾挟沙力公式和张红武挟沙力公式在黄河游荡段的适用性进行了分析。张瑞瑾公式结构简单,但准备数据过程复杂,通过分段函数拟合,给出了确定系数K和指数m的有效办法;张红武公式结构复杂,准备过程简单,且计算结果更贴近45°线。此外,张瑞瑾公式不需要实测的体积含沙量,强调一定水流条件下能够携带的碎屑物质量,适用范围更广;张红武公式则需要实测体积含沙量,强调挟沙水流对河床的冲、淤趋势,计算精度更高。与实测数据相比,两者均能反映水流挟沙力的情况,对所选用数据二者计算结果相关系数达0.985,说明在计算黄河游荡段挟沙力时两者均适用。     

钢制流道立式轴流泵站振动特性分析及安全评价

钢制流道立式轴流泵站设计方案与常规混凝土流道方案相比具有施工简便、水泵装置安装方便的优点。但泵站运行时,流道内复杂的水流条件对钢制薄壁结构产生的流激振动是设计中的关键技术问题。基于大型有限元软件ADINA,建立泵站混凝土结构—钢制流道—流体的三维流固耦合有限元模型,进行了自振特性分析及共振校核,并在时域范围内进行流固耦合振动特性的研究,重点分析了关键点的振动响应,并进行振动安全评价。结果表明,钢制流道设计方案合理可行,研究结果对泵站钢制流道的设计和应用具有重要的参考价值。     

某250MW抽水蓄能机组典型大波动过渡过程试验分析

以某250MW抽水蓄能机组为例,开展了水轮机工况甩负荷、水泵工况断电等典型大波动过渡过程试验,验证了机组最大转速、蜗壳最大水压及尾水进口真空度等关键指标均满足设计要求,以水轮机工况甩额定负荷试验实测数据为基础计算的机组转动惯量满足设计值要求。针对水泵断电过程中机组出现反转的问题,通过优化导叶关闭规律改善了其动态调节品质,并分析了甩负荷过程中水流压力脉动的内在规律。将过渡过程中关键技术参数的现场实测数据与仿真计算结果进行对比分析,表明两者吻合度较高。     

基于AquiferTest与Matlab耦合的水文地质参数求解

针对传统水文地质参数求解方法存在限制较多、工作繁琐、精度不高且不能直观反映出抽水的流场变化等缺点,以山西大佛寺煤矿抽水试验数据为基础,利用AquiferTest和Matlab建立模型,提出一种计算水文地质参数的新方法,最终所得水位预测值与实测值相近,结果可靠,可见该方法求解出的水文地质参数更加符合工程实际情况。     

基于大数据技术的多沙水流泵站故障诊断方法

针对多沙水流泵站存在水泵磨蚀、机组振动等复杂故障问题,基于大数据技术,将神经网络方法与传统的专家系统相结合,建立了多沙水流泵站的故障监测与诊断系统。实际应用结果表明,该方法能够及时定位故障问题和诊断故障原因,降低了维护成本,创造了更大的经济效益。     

Endoreversible four-reservoir chemical pump

A new cyclic model for the behaviour of a four-reservoir endoreversible chemical pump is proposed. The optimal relation between the coefficient of performance and the rate of energy pumping is derived by using finite-time thermodynamics or thermodynamic optimization. The optimal times of the four mass-transfer processes are also obtained. Moreover, the effects of the cyclic parameters on the coefficient of performance and the rate of energy pumping are studied by detailed numerical examples.     

水泵断电工况下洪屏抽水蓄能电站~#1机组特征参数数学模拟

鉴于水泵断电工况试验为机组启动试运行期间抽水方向调试的重要内容,基于特征线法,采用改进Suter变换曲线分析建立了水泵断电工况下洪屏抽水蓄能电站#1机组的数学模型,并结合现场试验数据,分析对比了机组转速、导叶开度、蜗壳进口水压、尾水管锥管水压等特征参数变化。结果表明,仿真的各特征参数变化趋势及极值与现场试验相近,从而验证了该数学模型的正确性。     

水泵断电工况下洪屏抽水蓄能电站#1机组特征参数数学模拟

鉴于水泵断电工况试验为机组启动试运行期间抽水方向调试的重要内容,基于特征线法,采用改进Suter变换曲线分析建立了水泵断电工况下洪屏抽水蓄能电站#1机组的数学模型,并结合现场试验数据,分析对比了机组转速、导叶开度、蜗壳进口水压、尾水管锥管水压等特征参数变化。结果表明,仿真的各特征参数变化趋势及极值与现场试验相近,从而验证了该数学模型的正确性。     

Modelling the integrated output of wind-driven roto-dynamic pumps

Roto-dynamic pumps offer better match with wind rotors for low lift-high discharge water pumping applications. Tremendous potential for such systems does exist in many developing countries like India. In the present study, a mathematical model is proposed for estimating the performance of wind-driven roto-dynamic pumps at various operating conditions. In contrast with the earlier attempts in this direction, an integrated approach incorporating the characteristics of the rotor, pump and the wind regime is envisaged for formulating the model. The model is validated using the field performance data from a 5 m, five-bladed experimental rotor coupled with a low speed centrifugal pump. Performance of the system at fluctuating conditions of wind regimes is estimated and compared with that of a system with reciprocating pump. Wind driven roto-dynamic pumps are found to offer distinctly better performance than the conventional system with reciprocating pumps. Effects of the specific speed and specific diameter of the pump on the gear ratio and optimum pump size are also discussed. A low specific speed roto-dynamic pump with reasonable specific diameter is found to be suitable for coupling with wind rotors for water pumping application.     

Mathematic models of photovoltaic motor-pump systems

Photovoltaic (PV) pumping offers the possibility of supplying water to remote and desert regions for their daily needs. The sizing of the PV pumping systems is a very significant step in order to optimize the power peak of the PV array and to ensure the best choice of the motor, the pump and the inverter. Two mathematical models were proposed in this article to contribute in the studies of PV pumping sizing. These models link directly the operating electrical power to the water flow rate of the pump versus total head. These models are based essentially on the experimentation of pumps on CDER PV pumping test facility. Two pumping systems are tested: the first uses a centrifugal pump and the second uses a positive displacement pump. The results obtained by the models are very satisfactory. Also, the models enabled us to simulate the electrical and hydraulic performances of two tested pumps. The performances are calculated using the measured meteorological data of different sites located in Sahara and coastline regions of Algeria.     

Optimum thermoeconomic and thermodynamic performance characteristics of an irreversible three-heat-source heat pump

The coefficient of performance and specific heating load of an irreversible three-heat-source heat pump are given by using a general cycle model affected by the finite-rate heat transfer, heat leak and internal irreversibility of the cyclic working fluid. The heat pumping load divided by the total cost per unit time is taken as a new objective function and used to investigate the performance of the heat pump. The thermoeconomic and thermodynamic performance characteristics of the heat pump are discussed in detail. Some important performance parameters such as the thermoeconomic objective function and coefficient of performance are optimized. The optimally operating regions of the heat pump and the bounds of several performance parameters are determined. Finally, it is pointed out that the Carnot heat pump may be taken as a special case of a three-heat-source heat pump and consequently its optimal performance can be directly derived from the results obtained here.