二维分形海面的全极化散射模型

采用二维分形海面模型模拟海面状态,根据惠根斯原理,把海面近似为无数克希霍夫散射面,并根据驻相原理导出散射面法线的方向导数,推导出笛卡儿坐标系下椭圆极化入射时海面的散射场和局部坐标系下的散射系数矩阵,建立了二维分形海面的全极化双站雷达散射模型,并数值计算了全极化海面雷达截面.与经典单极化散射模型相比,该模型不仅保留共极化(HH极化VV极化)散射信息,还包含了多极化SAR海浪谱反演过程中必不可少的交叉极化(VH极化HV极化)信息.数值结果表明用该模型计算的共极化雷达截面与其他文献计算的结果能很好的吻合.同时给出了二维分形海面的不同接收方位雷达截面的数值模拟结果.     

考虑海谱分布的动态分形海面的电磁散射

本文采用考虑了Pierson-Moskowitz谱的归一化带限Weierstrass分形函数来模拟动态分形海面.利用基尔霍夫近似研究了该粗糙面的电磁散射,讨论了后向散射截面随入射角的变化,给出了后向散射截面时间序列的分维与分形海面分维间的关系.计算了散射场幅值,结果表明该分形海面散射场幅值分布服从K-分布.     

海洋环境对雷达海杂波后向散射特性影响分析

为分析海洋环境对雷达海杂波后向散射特性的影响,建立了一种基于修正复合模型方法的雷达海杂波后向散射关系模型。雷达入射余角较大时,主要散射形式为镜面散射;入射余角较小时,主要散射形式为Bragg散射。考虑了逆顺风条件下后向散射系数的差异性,改进了原有模型Bragg散射的方向海谱部分,增加了风向因子。利用模型对不同入射角条件下海洋环境因素与后向散射系数的关系进行了仿真计算。计算结果表明,当海面作为雷达波的反射面时,雷达后向散射特性十分复杂,风速、风向、海浪、降水、海面油污等海洋环境因素都会对其产生影响。其中,风速和有效波高对海面后向散射的影响最大,风向次之,降水再次之,而海面油污的影响最小。      

海面正置长方体目标复合散射极化特征

为分析海面上长方体目标的极化特征,通过极化特征图讨论了长方体目标尺寸参数和海面风速、风向对于复合极化散射的影响.计算结果显示入射角和目标尺寸足够大的情况下,二次散射更为突出,对应的极化特征图具有明显的二面角特点.侧风将会改变极化特征图的对称性.     

粗糙基底上涂层的极化双向反射分布函数

为了有效检测光学基底和镀膜后的光学元件质量,根据微面元电磁散射理论建立了一阶极化光散射模型,推导求解出其极化双向反射分布函数,获得了极化双向反射分布函数PP项与散射角和方位角的三维关系。数值模拟分析了入射角、基底粗糙度及不同涂层厚度对极化双向反射分布函数的影响。数值结果表明:极化双向反射分布函数与入射角、相关长度、均方根高度及涂层厚度均成反比。P极化入射产生的P极化双向反射分布函数强烈依赖于入射角、散射角和方位角。布鲁斯特角的位置随着入射角的增加逐渐向散射方位角小的方向移动。     

分形海面电磁散射特性的基尔霍夫近似

利用二维Weierstrass带限函数模拟了粗糙海面的形状,讨论了风速、粗糙度等参量对海面形状的影响;针对模拟的分形海面形状,从亥姆霍兹（Helmholtz）积分出发,利用基尔霍夫近似推导了二维分形海面的电磁散射系数,并进行了数值模拟,同时对数值模拟结果进行了分析,讨论了海面形状对电磁散射的影响,所得结论可用于目标探测技术的研究。     

二维分形界面的远区散射场

采用分形函数模拟二维粗糙表面，首先给出了分形函数模拟的计算分式，然后进行了数值计算。通过发迹分形函数中的各个参数值去模拟不同粗糙度的表面，从而得到多种情况下的远区散射场的分布。     

微扰法结合最小二乘支持向量机反演土壤湿度

将最小二乘支持向量回归技术应用到土壤湿度反演研究.利用微扰法数值模拟不同雷达参数下裸露土壤微波后向散射特性.经过数据敏感性分析,选取雷达频率为L波段(1.4 GHz),双入射角(40°、50°),并设计多种反演方案,分别以单极化、双极化及同极化后向散射系数比值作为微波信号样本信息,经过适当的训练,利用最小二乘支持向量回归技术对土壤含水量进行了反演研究.结果表明:当采用多入射角、同极化后向散射系数比值作为微波信号样本信息时,反演结果具有较高的精度.同时,经过与人工神经网络结果比较,证明了该方法的有效性及抗噪声能力,为土壤湿度的实时反演研究提供了一种新方法.     

二维带限分形粗糙面电磁散射的基尔霍夫近似

本文采用二维归一化带限Weierstrass分形函数来模拟二维分形粗糙面,主要利用基尔霍夫近似研究了该粗糙面的电磁散射,给出了散射场、平均散射强度系数和散射强度方差的计算公式,通过理论分析和数值计算讨论了散射场与分维及粗糙面其他有关参量间的关系.     

海环境近区电磁散射特性模拟测试及统计分析

利用实验室内海环境模拟系统,在造波水池内模拟生成满足海谱分布的海浪,测试获取近距离窄波束照射条件下海面后向电磁散射回波数据,统计分析了模拟海面散射系数与入射角、方位角、测试频率等的关系.测试结果表明,在近距离窄波束照射条件下,海面后向散射信号起伏更加剧烈,散射情况更加复杂.     

基于高频混合方法的海上目标电磁散射特性分析

三面空腔反射器是一种特殊的反射结构,空腔内的多次散射是形成其雷达散射截面(RCS)的主要贡献之一。该文在计算机图形学裁剪的基础上,改进了现有的区域投影方法,结合物理光学法和阻抗边界条件,分析了正确处理目标几何结构的遮挡和消隐之后三面空腔反射器内的多次散射机理。最后,将阻抗边界条件扩展到海上环境,对两类带有反射器结构的海上舰船简化模型进行了RCS计算与分析。结果表明,海面与目标之间以及目标内部的多次散射作用在一定情况下可形成明显的散射特征。     

Multiple scattering and depolarization by a randomly rough Kirchhoff surface

A matrix approach has been developed to compute bistatic scattering coefficients which include shadowing and multiple scattering effects for a randomly rough Kirchhoff surface. The method permits the computation of these coefficients in terms of the existing single-scatter bistatic scattering coefficients. Thus the effects of multiple scattering are readily recognized from the expressions obtained. The bistatic scattering coefficients are shown to satisfy energy conservation to at least two significant figures. It is observed that while polarized backscattering is dominated by the single-scattering process, the depolarized backscattering is due to multiple scattering. Unlike depolarization by slightly rough surfaces or volume scattering, the angular behavior of the depolarized backscattering is similar to that of the polarized backscattering. The transitional behavior of the relative dominance between single and multiple scattering for the polarized and depolarized scattering coefficient as a function of the azimuth angle is illustrated.     

An integral equation approach to scattering by dielectric rings

An integral equation method is applied to calculation of the scattering from homogeneous dielectric rings. The fields in the rings are assumed to be independent ofrhoandz. Excellent agreement between the calculated and experimental backscattering cross section is obtained for the case of an axially incident linearly polarized plane wave.     

Polarimetric scattering from a layer of random clusters of smallspheroids

Employing the volume integral equation formulation with self-interaction term for internal fields, the Jones scattering matrix and phase matrix for random clusters of small spheroids are derived. The mutual coherent wave interactions among clustered spheroids are included. Clustering enhances the internal fields and the scattering amplitude function. Substituting the newly derived phase matrix into the Mueller matrix in the approach of vector radiative transfer for a layer of random clusters of small spheroids, fully polarimetric copolarized and cross-polarized backscattering are numerically calculated. Clustering effects of a layer of random spheroids are quantitatively illustrated, and the backscattering enhancement of several dB order and its functional dependence on parameters are discussed     

动态RCS测量的信号仿真

基于Microsoft SQL Server 2005数据库管理系统、ADO.NET访问数据库技术和Visual Studio 2008开发环境,采用C/S（客户端/服务器）结构,开发了动态RCS测量的信号仿真系统。该系统能够存储和管理多个雷达目标的雷达散射截面（RCS）仿真数据,利用运动学方程仿真了目标在横向直行、径...     

改变散射体RCS方向特性的有源加载方法研究

散射体的雷达横截面积(RCS)随着观测角度的不同而发生变化。对高频区的散射体电磁散射特性进行了建模,根据各个散射中心的位置关系和信号入射角度,计算散射体在特定方向上的RCS。提出了集中式和分布式的有源加载方法改变散射体RCS方向特性,通过施放有源干扰信号使散射体在特定方向上的RCS方向图出现凹点。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效改变散射体的RCS方向特性,在特定方向上实现散射体射频隐身。     

Depolarization, Scattering, and Attenuation of Circularly Polarized Radio Waves by Spherically Asymmetric Melting Ice Particles

The eccentric spheres model and an extended Mie solution are used to formulate scattering of a plane, electromagnetic wave by a single melting ice particle as well as by a horizontal layer of such particles. The incident wave is left-hand circularly polarized, whereas the scattered wave, as a result of depolarization by the spherically asymmetric particles, comprises left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized components. The Stokes parameters of the scattered wave are calculated throughout the melting process. Furthermore, radar observables of backscattering and depolarization, as well as the specific attenuation, across the melting layer are calculated. The numerical application manifests how the internal spherical asymmetry of melting ice particles is imprinted on backscattering, forward scattering, and depolarization. Moreover, it is shown how each part of the melting layer contributes to the attenuation and depolarization of the radio waves crossing that layer     

Consequences of nonorthogonality on the scattering properties of dihedral reflectors

Small deviations from orthogonality can reduce drastically the backscattering radar cross section (RCS) of dihedral corner reflectors. The method of physical optics is used to calculate the magnitude of the reductions in RCS which result from modest departures from orthogonality. The theoretical results are then compared with experimental measurements which are found to be in very good agreement.     

新型箔片云团双站电磁散射计算方法研究

提出了计算圆形、四边形金属箔片云团单箔片双站ＲＣＳ的方法，给出了极化变换和散射矩阵计算的具体公式，可用于大数量高密度箔片云团双站ＲＣＳ计算研究，并给出了数值结果。     

Fully polarimetric bistatic radar scattering behavior of forestedhills

The bistatic radar scattering measurements of forested hills were performed at grazing incidence and at azimuth scattering angles from 28° to 66° from the forward scatter plane. Using pulse-to-pulse switching between orthogonal transmitted polarizations, the radar simultaneously measures two orthogonally polarized components of the scattered wave to obtain full polarimetric information about the scattering process. These are the first fully polarimetric terrain clutter measurements to be conducted at large bistatic angles. The complete Stokes matrix, computed by averaging successive realizations of the polarization scattering matrix, is used to examine the polarization sensitivity of the bistatic clutter. It is found that the polarization state of the EM wave scattered out of the plane of incidence strongly depends on the polarization orientation of the incident electric field. Unlike the monostatic case, these two incident wave polarization states are found to produce substantially different scattered wave behavior when trees are viewed at large bistatic angles. Scattered fields resulting from vertically oriented incident fields are found to be highly polarized and to produce bistatic clutter power levels that are strongly dependent on the polarization of the receiving antenna. In contrast, horizontally oriented incident fields are found to produce weakly polarized scattered waves with bistatic clutter power levels that are insensitive to the polarization of the receiving antenna