统一电子政务信息资源库模型的研究与设计

目前电子政务高效、透明、规范的电子化内部办公、协同办公和对外服务得不到很好的体现.如何构建统一电子政务资源库是实现资源整合与协同作业,提高电子政务效率的热点问题.通过分析电子政务资源体系,设计了统一电子政务信息资源平台体系结构、统一资源管理标准、统一信息资源库模型结构和构建方法,并运用Agent机制实现系统的数据交换、资源共享重用和互操作,从而更好地实现信息资源共享.     

A graph-based approach for extracting terminological properties from information sources with heterogeneous formats

The problem of handling both the integration and the cooperation of a large number of information sources characterised by heterogeneous representation formats is a challenging issue. In this context, a central role can be played by the knowledge about the semantic relationships holding between concepts belonging to different information sources (intersource properties). In this paper, we propose a semiautomatic approach for extracting two kinds of intersource properties, namely synonymies and homonymies, from heterogeneous information sources. In order to carry out the extraction task, we introduce both a conceptual model, for representing involved sources, and a metrics, for measuring the strength of the semantic relationships holding among concepts represented within the same source.     

User-centered indexing for adaptive information access

We are focusing on information access tasks characterized by large volume of hypermedia connected technical documents, a need for rapid and effective access to familiar information, and long-term interaction with evolving information. The problem for technical users is to build and maintain a personalized task-oriented model of the information to quickly access relevant information. We propose a solution which provides user-centered adaptive information retrieval and navigation. This solution supports users in customizing information access over time. It is complementary to information discovery methods which provide access to new information, since it lets users customize future access to previously found information. It relies on a technique, called Adaptive Relevance Network, which creates and maintains a complex indexing structure to represent personal user's information access maps organized by concepts. This technique is integrated within the Adaptive HyperMan system, which helps NASA Space Shuttle flight controllers organize and access large amount of information. It allows users to select and mark any part of a document as interesting, and to index that part with user-defined concepts. Users can then do subsequent retrieval of marked portions of documents. This functionality allows users to define and access personal collections of information, which are dynamically computed. The system also supports collaborative review by letting users share group access maps. The adaptive relevance network provides long-term adaptation based both on usage and on explicit user input. The indexing structure is dynamic and evolves over time. Learning and generalization support flexible retrieval of information under similar concepts. The network is geared towards more recent information access, and automatically manages its size in order to maintain rapid access when scaling up to large hypermedia space. We present results of simulated learning experiments.Dr. Mathé and Dr. Chen are contractors with Recom Technologies, Inc.     

DOCODE 3.0 (DOcument COpy DEtector): A system for plagiarism detection by applying an information fusion process from multiple documental data sources

Plagiarism refers to the act of presenting external words, thoughts, or ideas as one’s own, without providing references to the sources from which they were taken. The exponential growth of different digital document sources available on the Web has facilitated the spread of this practice, making the accurate detection of it a crucial task for educational institutions. In this article, we present DOCODE 3.0, a Web system for educational institutions that performs automatic analysis of large quantities of digital documents in relation to their degree of originality. Since plagiarism is a complex problem, frequently tackled at different levels, our system applies algorithms in order to perform an information fusion process from multi data source to all these levels. These algorithms have been successfully tested in the scientific community in solving tasks like the identification of plagiarized passages and the retrieval of source candidates from the Web, among other multi data sources as digital libraries, and have proven to be very effective. We integrate these algorithms into a multi-tier, robust and scalable JEE architecture, allowing many different types of clients with different requirements to consume our services. For users, DOCODE produces a number of visualizations and reports from the different outputs to let teachers and professors gain insights on the originality of the documents they review, allowing them to discover, understand and handle possible plagiarism cases and making it easier and much faster to analyze a vast number of documents. Our experience here is so far focused on the Chilean situation and the Spanish language, offering solutions to Chilean educational institutions in any of their preferred Virtual Learning Environments. However, DOCODE can easily be adapted to increase language coverage.     

Beyond second-order statistics for learning: A pairwise interaction model for entropy estimation

Second order statistics have formed the basisof learning and adaptation due to its appealand analytical simplicity. On the other hand,in many realistic engineering problemsrequiring adaptive solutions, it is notsufficient to consider only the second orderstatistics of the underlying distributions. Entropy, being the average information contentof a distribution, is a better-suited criterionfor adaptation purposes, since it allows thedesigner to manipulate the information contentof the signals rather than merely their power. This paper introduces a nonparametric estimatorof Renyi's entropy, which can be utilized inany adaptation scenario where entropy plays arole. This nonparametric estimator leads to aninteresting analogy between learning andinteracting particles in a potential field. Itturns out that learning by second orderstatistics is a special case of thisinteraction model for learning. We investigatethe mathematical properties of thisnonparametric entropy estimator, provide batchand stochastic gradient expressions foroff-line and on-line adaptation, and illustratethe performance of the corresponding algorithmsin examples of supervised and unsupervisedtraining, including time-series prediction andICA.     

A collaborative learning approach for geographic information retrieval based on social networks

Nowadays, spatial and temporal data play an important role in social networks. These data are distributed and dispersed in several heterogeneous data sources. These peculiarities make that geographic information retrieval being a non-trivial task, considering that the spatial data are often unstructured and built by different collaborative communities from social networks. The problem arises when user queries are performed with different levels of semantic granularity. This fact is very typical in social communities, where users have different levels of expertise. In this paper, a novelty approach based on three matching-query layers driven by ontologies on the heterogeneous data sources is presented. A technique of query contextualization is proposed for addressing to available heterogeneous data sources including social networks. It consists of contextualizing a query in which whether a data source does not contain a relevant result, other sources either provide an answer or in the best case, each one adds a relevant answer to the set of results. This approach is a collaborative learning system based on experience level of users in different domains. The retrieval process is achieved from three domains: temporal, geographical and social, which are involved in the user-content context. The work is oriented towards defining a GIScience collaborative learning for geographic information retrieval, using social networks, web and geodatabases.     

ACTEN: A conceptual model for security systems design

This paper describes ACTEN, a conceptual model for the design of security systems. Security information is represented by action-entity pairs and organized into a framework composed of graphs and tables. The rules permitting the building and management of this framework are introduced.The model describes both static and dynamic aspects of the security system; in fact, it shows the access modalities between objects in the system and the evolution of such modalities due to grant and revocation of rights within the security system.ACTEN also allows the identification of the authority and protection level of each component of the system. The tools for this analysis are introduced and an example is given.     

A unified subdivision approach for multi-dimensional non-manifold modeling

This paper presents a new unified subdivision scheme that is defined over a k-simplicial complex in n-D space with k≤3. We first present a series of definitions to facilitate topological inquiries during the subdivision process. The scheme is derived from the double (k+1)-directional box splines over k-simplicial domains. Thus, it guarantees a certain level of smoothness in the limit on a regular mesh. The subdivision rules are modified by spatial averaging to guarantee C¹ smoothness near extraordinary cases. Within a single framework, we combine the subdivision rules that can produce 1-, 2-, and 3-manifolds in arbitrary n-D space. Possible solutions for non-manifold regions between the manifolds with different dimensions are suggested as a form of selective subdivision rules according to user preference. We briefly describe the subdivision matrix analysis to ensure a reasonable smoothness across extraordinary topologies, and empirical results support our assumption. In addition, through modifications, we show that the scheme can easily represent objects with singularities, such as cusps, creases, or corners. We further develop local adaptive refinement rules that can achieve level-of-detail control for hierarchical modeling. Our implementation is based on the topological properties of a simplicial domain. Therefore, it is flexible and extendable. We also develop a solid modeling system founded on our subdivision schemes to show potential benefits of our work in industrial design, geometric processing, and other applications.     

A novel distributed scheduling scheme for OFDMA uplink using channel information and probabilistic transmission

Distributed uplink scheduling in OFDMA systems is considered. In the proposed model, mobile terminals have the responsibility of making their own transmission decisions. The proposed scheme is based on two dimensional reservation in time and frequency. Terminals use channel state information in order to favor transmissions over certain subchannels, and transmission is done in a probabilistic manner. The proposed approach provides more autonomy to mobile devices in making transmission decisions. Furthermore, it allows avoiding collisions during transmission since it leads to collision detection during the resource reservation phase. The proposed approach is compared to other random access methods and shown to be superior in terms of increasing sum-rate, reducing the number of users in outage, and reducing the collision probability in the reservation phase.     

基于多层C/S结构的医院信息系统的设计

医疗信息系统（HIS）突破了过去“以财务为核心”的旧的管理模式，开始转向“以病人为中心”的新的管理模式，全面支持医院的医疗和管理业务，并以面向医院管理诊断的理念进行HIS的开发。系统结构从2层C／S结构转向了3层，甚至是多层。这种结构不仅可解决多网络、多结构的分布式处理，同时还可以最大限度地保证系统数据的准确性和安全性。提出的多层C／S结构将更适合作为HIS的总体结构，并能提高系统的可维护性和可重用性。用面向对象的分析与设计方法对系统进行对象设计，将大大提高系统的设计效率和系统功能的有效性。在基于角色的访问控制技术的基础上，提出了一种相对独立于应用系统的用户功能项和用户权限控制系统的设计思想，能对系统用户、系统功能项、用户权限等系统资源进行统一管理。     

一种面向用电信息采集系统的WSNs多信道MAC协议

由于无线传感器网络（WSNs）单信道介质访问控制（MAC）协议无法满足用电信息采集系统的数据量大和并发性强的特点,提出了一种面向分簇网络的多信道MAC协议.网络簇间通信采用多信道并行传输方式,簇内通信采用基于信道质量实时评估的自适应信道切换机制.基于OMNeT＋＋的仿真结果表明：与单信道MAC协议相比,该MAC协议可以有效提高网络吞吐量和抗干扰能力.     

A STEP-based manufacturing information system to share flexible manufacturing resources data

The paper describes the design and implementation of a Manufacturing Information System as a solution to share and exchange manufacturing data. The Manufacturing Information System possesses relevant features for data sharing and exchanging, that are compliant to the standard ISO 10303, known as STEP¹. It is known that manufacturing planning and execution activities require data from machine-tools, robots, ASRSs², AGVs³ and, on the other hand, computer-based applications (CAM⁴, CAPP⁵ or PAC⁶) use proprietary formats to store flexible manufacturing resources data. The way the proprietary formats are built has lead to incompatibilities and interoperability problems among the applications. It is argued that by solving these problems a qualitative functional synergy will result during manufacturing planning and execution activities. The suggested solution is using a STEP-based information system, a server and a prototype client application. These three programs are implemented in Java classes to facilitate data sharing and exchanging of flexible manufacturing resources.This revised version was published in June 2005 with corrected page numbers.     

A unified discrete framework for intrinsic and extrinsic Dirac operators for geometry processing

Spectral mesh analysis and processing methods, namely ones that utilize eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of linear operators on meshes, have been applied to numerous geometric processing applications. The operator used predominantly in these methods is the Laplace‐Beltrami operator, which has the often‐cited property that it is intrinsic, namely invariant to isometric deformation of the underlying geometry, including rigid transformations. Depending on the application, this can be either an advantage or a drawback. Recent work has proposed the alternative of using the Dirac operator on surfaces for spectral processing. The available versions of the Dirac operator either only focus on the extrinsic version, or introduce a range of mixed operators on a spectrum between fully extrinsic Dirac operator and intrinsic Laplace operator. In this work, we introduce a unified discretization scheme that describes both an extrinsic and intrinsic Dirac operator on meshes, based on their continuous counterparts on smooth manifolds. In this discretization, both operators are very closely related, and preserve their key properties from the smooth case. We showcase various applications of our operators, with improved numerics over prior work.     

A simple index rule for efficient traffic splitting over parallel wireless networks with partial information

Multi-path communication solutions provide a promising means to improve the network performance in areas covered by multiple wireless access networks. Today, little is known about how to effectively exploit this potential. We study a model where flows are transferred over multiple parallel networks, each of which is modeled as a processor sharing node. The goal is to minimize the expected transfer time of elastic data traffic by smartly dispatching the flows to the networks, based on partial information about the numbers of foreground and background flows in each of the nodes. In the case of full state information, the optimal policy can be derived via standard MDP-techniques, but for models with partial information an optimal solution is hard to obtain. An important requirement is that the splitting algorithm is efficient, yet simple, easy-to-implement, scalable in the number of parallel networks and robust against changes in the parameter settings. We propose a simple index rule for splitting traffic streams based on partial information, and benchmark the results against the optimal solution in the case of full state information. Extensive simulations with real networks show that this method performs extremely well under practical circumstances for a wide range of realistic parameter settings.     

XSD: A Hierarchical Access Method for Indexing XML Schemata

Search operations and browsing facilities over an XML document database require special support at the physical level. Typical search operations involve path queries. This paper proposes a hierarchical access method to support such operations and to facilitate browsing. It advocates the idea of searching large XML collections by administering efficiently XML schemata. The proposed approach may be used for indexing XML documents according to their structural proximity. This is obtained by organizing the schemata of a large XML document collection in a hierarchical way by merging structurally close schemata. The proposed structure, which is called XML Schema Directory (XSD), is a balanced tree and it may serve two purposes: (1) to accelerate XML query processing and (2) to facilitate browsing. Received 15 March 2001 / Revised 12 April 2001 / Accepted in revised form 11 May 2001     

供电企业生产信息管理系统关键技术的探讨

供电企业生产信息管理系统是实现供电企业信息管理的核心系统之一，其研发工作是供电企业信息化建设的重要组成部分。在长期的供电企业信息化建设中，存在着低水平重复建设、数据一致性、信息孤岛等问题，阻碍了企业信息化的可持续发展。本文介绍了从语义角度进行供电企业生产信息的分析、量化工作和运用面相对象概念构建统一数据模型的方法，并讨论了应用工作流、OLE技术、多层C／S结构、ASP等软件技术在软件开发的应用。该模型与技术已在实际开发工作中得到应用。收到了良好的效果。     

A task-centered approach for user modeling in a hypermedia office documentation system

The development of user-adaptive systems is of increasing importance for industrial applications. User modeling emerged from the need to represent in the system knowledge about the user in order to allow informed decisions on how to adapt to match the user's needs. Most of the research in this field, however, has been theoretical, top-down. Our approach, in contrast, was driven by the needs of the application and shows features of bottom-up, user-centered design.We have implemented a user modeling component supporting a task-based interface to a hypermedia information system for hospitals and tested it under realistic conditions. A new architecture for user modeling has been developed which focuses on the tasks performed by users. It allows adaptive browsing support for users with different level of experience, and a level of adaptability. The requirements analysis shows that the differences in the information needs of users with different levels of experience are not only quantitative, but qualitative. Experienced users are not only able to cope with a wider browsing space, but sometimes prefer to organize their search in a different way. That is why the user model and the interface of the system are designed to support a smooth transition in the access options provided to novice users and to expert users.     

Comparison criteria for GDMO-based network management information models: A step towards the integration of management systems

The integration of Management Information Bases (MIBs) is one of the challenges of integrated network management. This is made more difficult by the existence of many different ways for structuring the MIB and defining managed objects. This paper addresses the issue of integrating GDMO-based MIBs created on the basis of different Management Information Models (MIMs). Three MIMs (NMF Library Release 1. 1, ITU-T M. 3100 and ETSI GOM) are analyzed with the help of a simple network configuration, and some MIM comparison criteria are proposed. The criteria can be used to assess the dificulty of integrating MIBs based on those models.     

基于控制及信息协议的计算机监控通信软件

为使车间监控计算机通过以太网实现与PLC的可靠通信,选用以太网工业协议作为监控通信协议.分析了以太网工业协议的层次结构,指出CIP(控制及信息协议)中的显式消息传递方式适合作为监控计算机和PLC通信的协议.通信软件被设计为两层——基于以太网的CIP通信类和基于CIP通信类的监控通信类.CIP通信类提供了读写PLC各种内存变量的接口函数,采用互锁机制避免多线程操作中潜在的资源竞争冲突问题.监控通信类为应用程序提供向PLC发送命令和从PLC读取报告的接口函数和PLC状态的订阅服务.开发的通信软件已在某货物柔性处理线监控系统中应用.