半金属摩阻材料的研究及应用

综述了半金属摩阻材料基本组成,性能特点,生产工艺及摩擦磨损机理,着重讨论了各组元对半金属摩阻材料在物理化学性能,摩擦磨损性能等方面的影响,介绍了国内外在此研究领域的现状,并结合作者目前从事的研究对本方向可继续进行的研究工作提出了建议。     

电镀镍层表面封孔工艺的研究

为降低电镀镍层表面孔隙率,提高其耐腐蚀性能,采用由多种缓蚀剂及表面活性剂复配而成的水基封闭剂对电镀镍层进行封孔处理,通过腐蚀试验及电化学试验研究封闭处理后镍层耐腐蚀性能。结果表面:处理后镍层表面形成一层光亮透明的吸附膜,封闭了镍层表面孔隙,降低了镍层孔隙率,提高了其耐腐蚀性能。     

基于电化学法的再生水腐蚀不锈钢供热管网的试验与机理

针对再生水输配管易受水质中离子腐蚀的问题，通过电化学极化曲线对2种不锈钢材料的耐腐蚀性能进行研究，以得到耐腐蚀性能良好的再生水输配管材料。结果表明：再生水中氯离子是腐蚀不锈钢的主要因素，在低浓度状态下，不锈钢能有效抵抗氯离子的侵蚀，当体系内氯离子浓度达到100 mg/L时，氯离子对不锈钢的腐蚀加剧。当体系共存高浓度硫酸根离子时，会抑制氯离子对不锈钢材料的腐蚀。2种材料受离子腐蚀的机理类似，但316L不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能更优，可以作为再生水输配管材料使用。对再生水原水进行测试，原水中的腐蚀电位较单一离子模拟再生水腐蚀电位更正，腐蚀电流也更低，不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能更高。     

不锈钢热浸镀—扩散铝在三元混合碳酸盐中腐蚀行为研究

为进一步提高马氏体不锈钢1Cr13的耐熔融盐腐蚀性能,对该钢进行了热浸镀铝后高温热扩散处理和在三元混合碳酸盐中的抗高温腐蚀的试验。试验结果表明:经过热浸镀铝和热扩散铝处理,1Cr13不锈钢在三元混合碳酸盐中的耐腐蚀性能有一定提高,形成的Fe-Al合金层能明显减少高温Li-Na-K碳酸混合盐材料表面氧化膜的厚度并且减缓了腐蚀。     

45钢与QT450-10的表面耐腐蚀处理工艺及性能研究

针对注塑机零件中常用的材料45钢和QT450-10,采用未经热处理的模拟试样,分别进行两组不同工艺参数的软氮化及磷化（发黑）和浸涂防锈油等处理方式。最后使用中性盐雾腐蚀试验评估各试样获得的耐腐蚀性能。研究表面：采用相同的表面处理工艺,45钢的耐腐蚀性能优于QT450-10;QT450-10未经磷化（发黑）处理,无论是否浸涂防锈油,表面耐腐蚀性均很差。     

甲烷氯化物-水-氯化氢体系非金属耐酸材料的对比研究

主要针对甲烷氯化物酸池耐腐蚀材料进行研究,阐述了高分子材料的腐蚀类型、腐蚀机理和影响腐蚀因素等。分别将乙二胺固化的环氧树脂、PE试样、呋喃树脂固化剂固化的呋喃树脂试样放在甲烷氯化物中浸泡15天;并每天称量材料的质量变化。采用了静态试验法测定材料的溶胀性能,结果表明：随着时间的增加三种材料的质量以不同的程度相应增大。环氧树脂的质量百分比和渗透率大于聚乙烯和呋喃树脂的数倍,环氧树脂表面还发生少量脱落。在甲烷氯化物的溶液中聚乙烯和呋喃树脂有良好的耐腐蚀溶胀性能。     

两种典型不锈钢的缝隙腐蚀敏感性对比研究

依据国家标准GB/10127-2002中的化学浸泡实验方法评定了OCr13和OCr18Ni92种典型不锈钢的缝隙腐蚀敏感性能,并对2种不锈钢各自的焊缝和母材试样的缝隙腐蚀行为进行了对比研究.结果表明,OCr18Ni9奥氏体不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能优于OCr13铁素体不锈钢.0Crl3不锈钢焊剂材料的耐腐蚀性能高于母材,试样表面出现了明显的选择性腐蚀现象;0Cr18Ni9焊缝试样的焊缝和热影响区附近易发生严重的局部腐蚀现象.     

新型耐腐蚀不饱和聚酯树脂的制备

根据高分子化学和材料腐蚀理论，设计耐腐蚀不饱和树脂的化学结构，并依据其特对树脂的化学结构进行优化，确定了新型耐腐蚀不饱和树脂的生产配方和工艺，经测试其耐腐蚀性能优良。     

海上风电叶片接闪器防腐蚀研究

对国内海上风电叶片叶身接闪器现状进行了调研,选择纯铜、镀锡铜、双相不锈钢等6种材料作为海上风电叶片接闪器的候选材料,分别通过720小时和3000小时的中性盐雾实验对6种金属材料在盐雾环境下的耐腐蚀性能进行表征,并探讨了纯铜在盐雾中的腐蚀机理。结果表明,镀锡铜在经过720小时的盐雾试验后,表面仅产生了轻微的腐蚀斑点,表面已氧化的区域电阻有所增加。双相不锈钢在3000小时的盐雾实验中表现出非常优异的耐腐蚀性能,其电阻几乎保持不变。纯铜在盐雾环境下的腐蚀可归因于表面吸附的高浓度氯化钠水膜,氧的溶解也会加速纯铜的腐蚀。     

耐氯气、氯化氢和盐酸的合金

高镍合金极适用于处理这些腐蚀性的化工产品。方便的参考图显示出什么时候可使用碳钢,什么时候需要耐腐蚀性能更强的材料。氯气在低温和无水份的情况下腐蚀性并不严重,因此常采用碳钢处理。干燥的氯化氢具有相似的习性。但是强酸性的HCl是腐蚀钢的。下面将在不同的条件下分别讨论此三种物质,所考虑的材料包括高镍合金、不锈钢、高铝合金、钛、锆和钽。腐蚀图腐蚀是一个非常复杂的过程,从表面上     

稀土摩阻材料的摩擦损特性研究

研制了新型稀土摩阻材料,探讨了混合稀土不同添加量对材料摩擦磨损特性的影响。结果表明,在常温下,稀土的加入量有一最佳范围,按照该取值配制的稀土摩阻材料,摩擦系数适宜并且平稳,耐磨性增加,抗冲击强度提高。本文还初步提出了稀土的作用机理。     

Anti-corrosion effect of insulating firebrick coated with CA6 in the calcination of lithium-ion cathode materials

The anti-corrosion properties of calcium hexaluminate (CA6) during the roasting of Li(Ni_xCo_yMn_z)O₂ (LNCM) materials have been investigated by means of specific experimental setups and test methods to verify its feasibility as an adiabatic insulation material for the roasting kiln of LNCM materials. Mullite insulating firebrick currently in industrial use was coated with CA6 (labelled M-CA6) and corrosion tests were carried out. The corrosion tests were carried out at different additions of corrosion sources, roasting temperatures, number of cycles of corrosion experiments. And the materials before and after corrosion characterized by the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to determine the influence of different corrosion conditions on the interactions between M-CA6 and LNCM materials. In addition, The corrosion resistance of calcium CA6 and the feasibility of its application in practical industry was identified by characterising and comparing the high-temperature creep properties of the materials. The results of the laboratory scale experiments confirmed that M-CA6 was more resistant to LNCM than mullite insulating firebrick, and confirmed the feasibility and superiority of using CA6 as a lining insulation for LNCN kilns.     

Impact of inhibitor loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles on waterborne coating performance in various corrosive environments

This article is a contribution to the development of the smart, self-healing solutions in the context of corrosion protection of metallic materials based on nanotechnology. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and loaded with two different corrosion inhibitors, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and 8-hydroxyquinoline. Loaded particles were embedded in different concentrations in waterborne epoxy coating, and as such applied to low carbon steel substrates. A continuous immersion test in 3.5% NaCl solution, humidity chamber exposure, and salt spray exposure were performed. Successful synthesis of silica nanoparticles has been demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy characterization techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the loading of inhibitors, while the quantity of loaded inhibitors was determined by thermogravimetric method. Anticorrosive performance of intact composite coatings was determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open-circuit potential measurements. Adhesive properties were determined using the pull-off test (ISO 4624). Significant improvement in corrosion protection performance has been demonstrated for coatings containing inhibitor-loaded nanoparticles.     

玻璃纤维增强氯氧镁复合材料耐化学腐蚀性的研究

通过静态浸泡腐蚀试验 ,探讨了氯氧镁复合材料腐蚀与耐腐蚀机理及在部分常用化学介质中的耐腐蚀性能。     

气固相硫协同作用下水冷壁的高温腐蚀特性

利用高温管式炉对电站锅炉水冷壁受热面常用的两种管材（12Cr1MoVG和15CrMoG）开展高温腐蚀实验研究,采用腐蚀增重法,得出气相硫、气固相硫作用下试片的腐蚀动力学曲线,并利用SEM和EDS对腐蚀试片表面及断面的微观形貌和元素成分进行分析。结果表明：两种材料的腐蚀动力学曲线都满足双对数曲线规律,气固相硫协同作用对金属的腐蚀性强于单因素气相硫的影响,15CrMoG的抗腐蚀性能优于12Cr1MoVG;腐蚀层大致可以分为3层,依次为剥离叶片层、过渡层和腐蚀渗透层,气相硫腐蚀下腐蚀层较厚并且质地紧密,气相硫与固相硫协同腐蚀下腐蚀层较薄并且质地疏松,极易剥落;此外腐蚀层中存在硫元素富集现象,腐蚀渗透层中的硫元素质量分数高达6.65%,并且氧元素含量从金属基体表面到腐蚀层表面呈现递增规律。     

非平衡热力学在摩擦领域聚合物复合材料设计中的应用

以自润滑材料和摩擦材料为例,基于非平衡热力学原理从热量产生和传递的根本问题出发,研究摩擦系数和热导率对材料接触面温度的影响,指导聚合物基复合材料的设计。对于自润滑材料来说,将摩擦热量产生和传递过程假设成两个过程的串联,发现摩擦热产生是摩擦系统整体稳定运行的关键控制因素。对于摩擦材料来说,将摩擦热量传递过程假设成传递热量和分配热量两个过程的并联,发现需采用降低刹车片热导率的逆向思维降低接触面温度。     

Effect of Metal Additives on Performance of Low-Carbon Magnesia-Carbon Materials

In this paper,both oxidation and corrosion resistance of low-carbon magnesia-carbon materials containing 4.0wt% graphite with metallic Al and Mg-Al alloy powders as antioxidants were investigated.Meanwhile,the microstructures of samples corroded by slag were observed with optical microscope as well.The test results revealed the properties of oxidation and corrosion resistance of low-carbon magnesia-carbon materials could be improved obviously by adding metal Al powder and Mg-Al alloy powder.The rule of improving oxidation resistance was illegibility when metal Al powder and Mg-Al alloy powder were added together.It was harmful to corrosion resistance by mixed adding metal Al powder and Mg-Al alloy powder into the materials,at the same time,the corrosion resistance would decreased with the increasing of Mg-Al alloy content.The corrosion resistance of samples with 0.5wt% or 3.0wt% Mg-Al alloy was better. The oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of materials with metal Al or Mg-Al alloy respectively were better than that with mixed metal Al and Mg-Al alloy. As a result, Mg-Al alloy was more suitable for low-carbon composite materials than metal Al as additives.     

“材料腐蚀与防护”课程教学的创新性探索

腐蚀一直是困扰工程领域的关键问题之一,关于材料腐蚀与防护的研究至今没有停歇。在此背景下,高校材料及化工类专业将"材料腐蚀与防护"作为本专业的必修课,旨在向学生阐明腐蚀的基本概念、重要理论以及防护的基本原理和常用手段。需要从"材料腐蚀与防护"的教学内容、教学方法以及考核方式入手进行课程教学的创新性探索,将国内外腐蚀与防护领域的最新动态引入到课堂中,提高教学质量并引导学生积极思考、探索。     

B4C掺杂丁腈改性酚醛树脂对摩阻材料性能的影响

研究了在丁腈改性酚醛树脂中掺杂B4C制备的摩阻材料的性能，结果表明：摩阻材料的耐热性能改善，高温摩擦系数增加，磨损率降低；常温下冲击强度有所提高，通过比较掺杂B4C前后摩阻材料性能的变化，对有关影响因素进行了初步的分析。