介质(Ag/AgI)镀层空芯玻璃光纤的制备及红外传输性能的研究

介质（Ａｇ／ＡｇＩ）镀层空芯玻璃光纤是一种较好的传输红外激光的柔性光纤材料．采用液相化学沉积法成功地制备了内径分别为１．０、０．５３、０．３２ｍｍ,长度为１．５ｍ的介质（Ａｇ／ＡｇＩ）镀层玻璃空芯光纤．利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和 ＬＪＬ－３５Ａ ＣＯ_２激光器分别测试了介质（Ａｇ／ＡｇＩ）镀层玻璃空芯光纤的传输损耗,测试结果表明：介质（Ａｇ／ＡｇＩ）镀层空芯玻璃光纤在２．５～２０μｍ波长范围内有较低的损耗值;随着光纤内径（α）的增大,空芯光纤的传输损耗（α）降低,这与Ｍｉｇａｇｉ理论（α　∝１／α^３）相符合．另外,由于光纤的注入端头发热致使介质（Ａｇ／ＡｇＩ）镀层空芯玻璃光纤的传输损耗随注入功率的增加而增大．     

Mn^2＋激活的镉铝锗酸盐石榴石合成和阴极射线发光

利用分步法高温固相反应合成Ｃｄ＿３Ａｌ＿２Ｇｅ＿３Ｏ＿（１２）基质和Ｃｄ＿３Ａｌ＿２Ｇｅ＿３Ｏ＿（１２）：Ｍｎ石榴石荧光粉，给出立方晶格常数，研究材料的阴极射线发光性质。Ｃｄ＿３Ａｌ＿２Ｇｅ＿３Ｏ＿（１２）：Ｍｎ石榴石具有较长的黄色余辉特性，是一种抗闪烁材料。微量过渡金属杂质对锗酸盐石榴石发光产生严重猝灭作用。     

高稳定性的γ－Fe_2O_3的合成及其气敏性能研究

本文采用空气氛化Ｆｅ（ＣＯ＿３）＿ｘ（ＯＨ）＿（２（１－ｘ））悬浮液体系，控制体系的ｐＨ和掺入适量的钇元素，合成出纳米级铁黄γ－ＦｅＯＯＨ微晶。由ＤＴＡ－ＴＧ和ＸＲＤ分析得出，由γ－ＦｅＯＯＨ直接脱水得到的γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３样品，具有很好的热稳定性，其γ－α相变温度可达７２５℃，且粒径为纳米级，并具有很好的气敏灵敏度和选择性。６００℃烧结的气敏元件，对液化石油气（ＬＰＧ）的灵敏度Ｓ大于７０；而在７００℃下烧结的元件，对Ｃ＿２Ｈ＿２灵敏度Ｓ大于４０；它们均对选定测试的气体ＣＯ、Ｈ＿２、汽油（Ｐｅｔｒｏｌ）。Ｃ＿２Ｈ＿２和ＬＰＧ有很好的选择性。     

一种制备γ－Fe_2O_3薄膜的新方法

采用一种简单的新工艺分别在硅片和氧化铝陶瓷基片上制备了γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜。该工艺分３步完成：首先利用Ｆｅ（ＮＯ＿３）＿３酒精溶液通过浸渍涂布工艺制备α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜，其次α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜在氢气流中、３２０～３５０℃之间热处理３０ｍｉｎ被还原为Ｆｅ＿３Ｏ＿４薄膜，最后Ｆｅ＿３Ｏ＿４薄膜在空气中２５０℃左右热处理３０ｍｉｎ被氧化为γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜。ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ分析结果表明该γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜呈尖晶石物相和自由取向，晶粒为针形，具有疏松多孔的微结构。     

掺杂对γ－Fe_2O_3气敏元件灵敏度及其它特性的影响

本文着重研究了稀土氧化物及其它某些化合物对γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３气敏元件灵敏度、选择性、工作温度和使用寿命的影响，并对加粘土在γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３气敏元件中的作用做了详细研究，为制备优异的γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３气敏元件提供了实验依据。     

电弧等离子体法制备的纳米α－Fe_2O_3的气敏特性

用电弧等离子体法制各纳米α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３并研究其气敏特性，结果表明，在没有掺杂的情况下，纳米α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３就具有较好的气敏特性。其原因是纳米粒子具有较大的比表面积和较高的晶界比例，从而导致对气体的吸附能力和扩散能力增强。本文用原位ＸＲＤ方法研究了纳米α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３的气敏机理，结果表明，在还原性气氛和加热条件下，α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３并没有被还原成Ｆｅ＿３Ｏ＿４，其气敏机理主要是表面效应控制型。     

掺锑α－Fe_2O_3的结构和性能

用化学共沉淀与固相反应相结合的方法，在α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３中掺入一定量的锑离子。Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）分析表明，掺锑量（Ｓｂ／Ｆｅ原子比）小于０．２．材料仍保持小Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３的晶体结构，但是加入量＞０．２时，有铁、锑复合氧化物生成。通过分析Ｓｂ的掺入对α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３的晶粒生长及电学性质的影响，认为该系列材料的气敏性能有大幅度的提高，是锑的掺入改变了α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３的气敏机理。     

传输紫外激光用空芯光纤结构设计

对传输紫外激光用空芯光纤结构进行了研究.铝膜是从紫外到红外都有很高反射率的理想材料,用它来研制的空芯光纤的直线损耗和弯曲损耗均较小.在铝膜上涂覆设计厚度的低折射率膜可进一步提高系统的反射率,增加传输效率,并保护铝膜免受大气侵蚀.     

碳化硅内膜空芯传能光纤的研究

为了改进空芯传能光纤对10．6μm处CO2激光的传输性能，研制了具有SiC内膜的新型空芯玻璃波导，利用SEM和FTIR等技术分析了反应条件对sic膜层结构、物相的影响，并测试了光纤的性能．结果表明：温度是影响SiC膜层的重要因素；制得的孔径为950μm，长为2．5m的SiC传能光纤理论损耗约为0．7dB／m，实际传输损耗为0．74dB／m；SiC的吸收蜂有蓝移现象．     

多晶空芯传能光纤的研究与进展

总结了十几年来对多晶空芯传能光纤的研究与进展,建立起比较完善的制造传能光纤的工艺流程,组装了新的光纤设备,制造出了几百米空芯传能光纤,装配了一台带传能光纤的ＣＯ２激光治疗机。     

Mechanical behavior of anodic alumina coatings reinforced with carbon nanofibers

Anodic alumina was reinforced with three types of carbon nanofibers differing in the orientation of their graphene structure—perpendicular to the fiber axis, and parallel to the fiber axis both with dense core and hollow core (i.e., nanotubes). This study was designed to identify potential toughening and damage tolerant mechanisms in these nanoscale fiber-reinforced composite coatings. The dense carbon fibers improved contact damage resistance and reduced frictional resistance in sliding contacts. The hollow core reinforcements were much more promising for improving the fracture toughness of the composite coatings.     

Pyramidal lattice sandwich structures with hollow composite trusses

Pyramidal lattice sandwich structures with hollow composite trusses were fabricated using a thermal expansion molding approach. Composite lattice structures with three relative densities were fabricated with two fiber architectures and the out-of-plane compression properties were measured and compared. Lattice cores with a fraction of carbon fibers circumferentially wound around the hollow trusses (Variant 2) exhibited superior mechanical properties compared with similar structures comprised of unidirectional fibers (Variant 1). The out-of-plane compressive properties of composite pyramidal lattice structures in Variant 2 were well-matched by analytical predictions. Unusual strain hardening behavior was observed in the plateau region for Variant 2, and the energy absorption capabilities were measured and compared with the similarly constructed silicone rubber–core truss pyramidal lattice structures (Variant 3). The energy absorption per unit mass of selected hollow truss composite lattice structures reported here surpassed that of both hybrid truss counterparts (Variant 3) and hollow truss metallic lattice structures.     

几种中空纤维膜对氧气,环氧丙烷透过性的比较

为选定适合气－固－液三相生物反应过程膜反应器中的膜材料，采用氧电极测试了几各收集到的聚砜、聚丙烯及聚氟乙烯中空纤维膜对氧气的通透性，其中的聚丙烯中空纤维适于做膜生物反应器中的透气膜，同时还测定了聚砚、聚偏氟乙和聚丙烯腈地水溶液中环氧丙烷的通透性，在实验条件下它们之间的差异不大。     

Mechanical behavior of sandwich panels with hollow Al–Si tubes core construction

A new type of lightweight sandwich panels consisting of vertically aligned hollow Al–Si alloy tubes as core construction and carbon fiber composite face sheets was designed. The hollow Al–Si alloy tubes were fabricated using precision casting and were bonded to the face sheets using an epoxy adhesive. The out-of-plane compression (i.e. core crushing), in-plane compression, and three-point bending response of the panels were tested until failure. The hollow Ai–Si alloy tubes core configuration show superior specific strength under crushing compared to common metallic and stochastic foam cores. Under in-plane compression and three-point bending, the buckling of face sheets and debonding of hollow cores from the face sheets were observed. Simple analytical relationships based on the concepts of mechanics of materials were provided for the compression tests, which estimate the sandwich panels’ strength with high fidelity. For three-point bending, detailed finite element analysis was used to model the response and initial failure of the sandwich panels.     

双相中空纤维膜的氧渗透模拟计算研究

采用相转化/烧结技术制备了致密的Bi_1.5Y_0.3Sm_0.2O₃-La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3–d双相复合陶瓷中空纤维膜. 所得的中空纤维膜具有非对称结构, 靠近膜管内表面部分是指状孔结构, 而靠近膜管外表面则是非常致密的结构. 中空纤维膜的内部尾端的氧气含量与膜管内外的氧分压、纤维膜的长度等有很大的关系. 由于随着氧气的渗透, 膜管内的氧分压沿轴向是增大的, 可以将膜管均分为n段, 采用活塞式流动模型结合Wagner氧渗透理论对双相复合中空纤维膜的氧渗透过程进行了模拟, 模拟结果和实测的相符合, 对于估算膜组件的氧气生产能力具有很好的指导意义.     

Zirconia hollow fiber: preparation, characterization, and microextraction application

A zirconia hollow fiber membrane in the macrorange was for the first time successfully synthesized via a template method coupled with a sol-gel process. A polypropylene hollow fiber was employed as the template. The preparation procedure includes repeated impregnation of the template in the proper zirconia sol precursor, and calcination to burn off the template, producing the zirconia hollow fiber. The resulting hollow fiber membrane is almost identical to its template in terms of morphology, exhibiting a hollow core structure. In addition to that, it has a bimodal porous substructure that is different from its template, narrowly distributed nanoskeleton pores, and uniform textural pores or throughpores. The wall thickness and substructures can be conveniently controlled by the synthetic conditions and postheat treatment. Moreover, the thus-prepared zirconia hollow fiber was applied for the microextraction and concentration of a nerve agent degradation product followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. Since the zirconia fiber exists as an individual device and is directly usable for extracting, handling is more convenient than, for example, an adsorbent in powder form that needs to be coated on a rod for the extraction process. In addition, it is easily prepared and is superior to the monolithic material in this sense. Pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid, one degradation product of organophosphorus nerve agent (soman), was used as the model analyte. Zirconia hollow fiber was demonstrated to be a highly selective adsorbent for the phosphonic acid-containing compounds with high sensitivity. Limit of detection was as low as 0.07 ng/mL (0.39 nM).     

Bifunctional polyethersulfone hollow fiber with a porous, single-layer skin for use as a bioartificial liver bioreactor

A bioartificial liver bioreactor requires a bifunctional hollow fiber that is hemocompatible on one side and cytocompatible on the other side. In this study, we developed a single-layer skin polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber with smooth inner surface and rough/porous outer surface for an artificial liver bioreactor. The hemocompatibility of the inner surface was evaluated by hemolysis, complement activation and clotting time. The cytocompatibility of the outer surface with HepG2 cells was examined by morphology, proliferation and liver-specific functions. The inner surface of the PES hollow fiber exhibited lower hemolysis and complement activation than cellulose acetate (CA) hollow fiber and a prolonged blood coagulation time. HepG2 cells readily adhered to the outer surfaces of the PES hollow fibers, and proliferated to form multicellular aggregates with time. Furthermore, HepG2 cells cultured on the outer surface of the PES hollow fiber exhibited higher proliferation ability and liver-specific functions than those grown on the CA hollow fiber. These results suggest that the single-layer skin PES hollow fiber is a bifunctional hollow fiber with good hemocompatibility on the inner side and cytocompatibility on the outer side. Thus, porous and single-layer skin PES hollow fibers may have potential as materials for an artificial liver bioreactor.     

Use of hollow core fibers, fiber lasers, and photonic crystal fibers for spark delivery and laser ignition in gases

The fiber-optic delivery of sparks in gases is challenging as the output beam must be refocused to high intensity (approximately 200 GW/cm(2) for nanosecond pulses). Analysis suggests the use of coated hollow core fibers, fiber lasers, and photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). We study the effects of launch conditions and bending for 2 m long coated hollow fibers and find an optimum launch f# of approximately 55 allowing spark formation with approximately 98% reliability for bends up to a radius of curvature of 1.5 m in atmospheric pressure air. Spark formation using the output of a pulsed fiber laser is described, and delivery of 0.55 mJ pulses through PCFs is shown.     

基于微流控的海藻酸钙空心纤维的制备及其在细胞培养中的应用

海藻酸钙水凝胶空心纤维在药物传递、组织工程等领域具有潜在的应用价值。但传统的纤维制备方法,如静电纺丝或模具法等,很难或无法制备海藻酸钙空心纤维。本研究首先采用自制的两相微流控装置,连续制备出形貌均一稳定的海藻酸钙空心纤维,并通过显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其空心结构进行了表征。然后考察了装置中内相毛细管尖端管径、内外相流体流速比以及氯化钙浓度对空心纤维内外径尺寸和厚度的影响,结果表明,空心纤维的尺寸在一定范围内可以进行调控。最后将这种空心纤维应用于封装和培养L929成纤维细胞,结果表明,成纤维细胞存活率较高,并且有沿着空心纤维内壁成直线生长的趋势。这种方法为纤维状细胞的培养提供了一种思路。     

膜蒸馏海水淡化用疏水性钇稳定氧化锆中空纤维膜的制备与表征

采用相转化/高温烧结技术方法制备了多孔钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)中空纤维膜, 中空纤维膜的外径1.92 mm, 壁厚为0.21 mm。SEM分析表明: 纤维膜为典型的三明治结构, 靠近膜内外表面为指状孔, 中间区域为海绵状层。采用阿基米德法测得其孔隙率为54%。用泡点法测得其平均孔径为0.56 μm。通过表面接枝氟硅烷将其亲水性的表面改变为疏水性。真空式膜蒸馏实验表明YSZ中空纤维膜具有优异的盐水淡化性能。当膜的外侧与温度为80℃、浓度为4wt%的循环盐水接触, 膜的内侧用真空泵抽至4×10³ Pa时, 膜的水渗透通量高达48.3 L/(m²•h), 脱盐率大于99.7%。