活性炭提高膜生物反应器运行性能的研究进展

通过投加粉末活性炭(PAC)/颗粒活性炭(GAC)改善污泥混合液性质从而减缓膜污染是膜生物反应器(MBR)领域的研究热点,重点介绍了最近五年有关活性炭与MBR结合处理不同类型废水的研究进展,投加PAC/GAC对MBR处理能力的影响,对减缓膜污染的作用,尤其是结合动态膜(DM)论述对污泥性质的改善.重点讨论了活性炭在好氧...     

三价铁离子投加对MBR运行效能的影响

本文探讨FeCl3的投加对膜生物反应器(membrane bioreactor,MBR)运行性能的影响,实验结果表明投加Fe3+对MBR的污染物去除及污泥混合液特性改善效果明显.与对照组对比,进水中投加10 mg/L FeCl3对COD,NH4+-N和Tp的去除效果均明显提高,污泥混合液的污泥沉降性有所改善,动力学黏度、表面电荷性均提高.进一步研究发现,Fe3+的投加明显的提高了污泥混合液可滤性,降低了缓慢增长阶段的膜污染速率.     

PAC投加对膜生物反应器的污泥特征和膜污染的影响

考察了投加粉末活性炭( PAC)对长期运行的膜生物反应器(MBR)中污泥混合液特性和膜污染的影响,并分析了其对膜污染的影响机理.结果表明,PAC的投加使污泥絮体平均粒径增加、污泥的粘度减小,而对污泥含量影响不大.投加PAC可降低混合液中溶解性EPS含量,质量浓度从MBR反应器混合液中的平均87.17 mg·L-1降至PAC-MBR反应器内65.54 mg·L-1;同时PAC对膜表面的EPS也有吸附作用,能将沉积在膜表面的EPS吸附到其表面,使得膜表面的EPS质量浓度从MBR反应器内的970.6 mg·L-1降至PAC-MBR反应器内的699.0 mg· L-1,同时改变了膜表面的EPS组成,使得蛋白质、多糖的质量比降低,减缓了膜的有机污染,延长了膜组件的清洗周期.     

处理炼油废水时粉末活性炭对MBR的影响机理

通过平行实验,考察了粉末活性炭(PAC)投加对MBR处理实际炼油废水时混合液性质的影响,拟合了膜阻力与混合液中胞外聚合物(EPS)、溶解性有机物(SMP)含量以及混合液黏度的关系,并进一步探讨了PAC影响MBR混合液性质的机理。结果表明,PAC的加入有效降低了膜污染速率,延长了单个周期内MBR的运行时间;炼油废水MBR系统中的混合液特性(EPS含量、SMP含量和混合液黏度)与膜阻力都呈现较强的指数相关关系;PAC的投加,降低了炼油废水MBR系统运行过程中混合液内EPS和SMP的含量及混合液黏度,从而改变了混合液特性,使得膜污染减缓并延长膜运行的时间;PAC的投加降低了混合液中EPS的含量,这是处理炼油废水时PAC影响MBR膜污染的根本机理,混合液EPS含量的降低,使SMP含量和混合液黏度均降低,从而抑制了膜污染。     

膜生物反应器中减缓膜污染技术的研究

膜污染是膜生物反应器(MBR)发展应用的瓶颈.从膜的性质、污泥混合液性质和运行操作条件三方面系统论述了膜生物反应器中膜污染的影响因素,重点总结了相应的减缓膜污染的技术方法,并指出了将来膜污染防治技术的研究方向.     

投加物质对减缓MBR膜污染的研究

MBR膜污染主要包括3个方面,膜孔的堵塞,凝胶层的吸附和污泥层的沉积,控制膜污染的方法有膜材料的改性、优化操作条件、改善混合液特性。向MBR反应器中投加物质以此来改善混合液污泥的特性,提高活性污泥的可过滤性,减少凝胶层的吸附、降低溶液的粘度、抑制污泥层在膜表面的堆积,从而延长了MBR膜的整个运行周期。目前研究的投加物质有悬浮填料、活性炭、絮凝剂、沸石、塑料颗粒等。重点介绍了这几种物质对于MBR膜污染影响的研究进展,并展望需要研究投加几种物质的组合对膜污染的影响或者与其它方法连用的效果。     

典型金属赋存形态对MBR膜污染影响研究进展

膜污染是膜生物反应器(MBR)进一步发展的最大障碍,污泥混合液性状是影响膜污染的关键因素.本文综述了金属离子在MBR混合液中的赋存形态,并分别对金属离子3种不同赋存形态对MBR污泥混合液及膜分离过程的影响进行了探讨.文中揭示了同价离子或异价离子共存对混合液及膜分离的影响,对共存体系中金属离子间的协同或拮抗行为也进行了讨论,并对利用高价金属离子减缓膜污染领域未来的研究趋势进行了展望.     

投加颗粒填料对减缓MBR膜污染的影响研究

简要介绍了MBR膜性能、污泥混合液特性和运行方式三方面对膜污染的影响.重点总结了颗粒填料能有效减缓膜污染并提高膜过滤性能的机理:改善组件性能以降低悬浮物在膜表面的沉积速率、调控污泥混合液组分以提高抗冲击负荷能力、协同操作条件以增效降耗.进一步指出可用于MBR系统的颗粒填料的研发价值及该工艺在中水回用领域的广阔前景.     

投加颗粒填料对减缓MBR膜污染的影响研究

简要介绍了MBR膜性能、污泥混合液特性和运行方式三方面对膜污染的影响.重点总结了颗粒填料能有效减缓膜污染并提高膜过滤性能的机理:改善组件性能以降低悬浮物在膜表面的沉积速率、调控污泥混合液组分以提高抗冲击负荷能力、协同操作条件以增效降耗.进一步指出可用于MBR系统的颗粒填料的研发价值及该工艺在中水回用领域的广阔前景.     

膜生物反应器中的膜污染及其调控措施

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一项高效的污水处理与回用新技术,膜污染是MBR的主要问题,它限制了MBR的推广和应用.从膜性质、操作条件和活性污泥混合液性质3方面系统论述了MBR中膜污染的影响因素,着重针对各影响因素总结减缓膜污染的调控措施.并指出采取有效、合理的调控措施可有效减缓膜污染,使其在污水处理与回用领域得到更广泛的应...     

A Review of Membrane Fouling in MBRs: Characteristics and Role of Sludge Cake Formed on Membrane Surfaces

Abstract

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been deemed to be a promising technology for wastewater treatment and reclamation; however, the MBR filtration performance inevitably decreases with filtration time attributed to the deposition of soluble and particulate materials onto and into the membrane under the interactions between activated sludge components and the membrane. Cake layer formation on membrane surfaces has been a major challenge in the operation of MBRs under supra-critical flux operation, and/or caused by uneven distribution of aeration intensities, etc.; however, it was argued that a thin cake layer might improve filtration operation by some researchers. This paper provides a critical review on the formation mechanisms, properties, the role of sludge cake in membrane filtration, and the corresponding strategies of controlling cake fouling in MBRs. Drawbacks and benefits of the formation of sludge cake were also discussed in order to better understand the characteristics and role of sludge cake formation in MBRs.     

膜生物反应器中污泥特性对膜污染的影响研究

膜生物反应器(MBR)是膜技术与污水生物技术的组合工艺，与传统污水处理工艺相比具有许多优点，但膜污染目前仍是限制MBR广泛应用的突出问题。有效的膜污染防治技术，可以增加膜通量，增强系统稳定性，减少系统维护和运行费用。在膜过滤过程中，污泥混合液的特性对于膜污染具有重要作用。近年来围绕污泥特性对膜污染的防治问题取得了许多研究成果，膜污染的数学模型研究也得到了很大发展。     

MBR处理制药废水膜污染试验研究

采用3组不同膜组件的MBR对制药废水进行处理。考察了不同的操作条件对膜污染的影响,比较不同的膜组件在该制药废水处理效果上的差别。通过试验得出间歇-反冲洗运行、水温为25℃、曝气量为6.0 m3/h时有利于减缓膜污染。通过污泥负荷的比较试验可知,CODCr的去除主要受生物系统操作条件影响,膜组件对出水水质影响不明显。     

Influence of Mechanical Mixing Rates on Sludge Characteristics and Membrane Fouling in MBRs

Abstract

The influence of shear intensity (G) induced by mechanical mixing on activated sludge characteristics as well as membrane fouling propensity in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) was investigated. Four MBRs were operated at different mechanical mixing conditions. The control reactor (MBR₀) was operated with aeration only supplemented by mechanical stirring at 150, 300, and 450 rpm in MBR₁₅₀, MBR₃₀₀, and MBR₄₅₀, respectively. It was found that the MBR₃₀₀ demonstrated minimum rate of membrane fouling. The fouling potential of the MBR₃₀₀ mixed liquor was lowest characterized by the specific cake resistance and the normalized capillary suction time (CST_N). Moreover, it was found that the mean particle size reduced with an increase in the shear intensity. These results reveal that membrane fouling can be significantly mitigated by appropriate shear stress on membrane fibers induced by mechanical mixing condition.     

Impact of module design on the performance of membrane bioreactors treating municipal wastewater

Membranes are located in a membrane module that physically seals and isolates the feed stream from the permeate flux in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Therefore, module type, structure, and geometrical configuration are critical design considerations affecting membrane performance in MBRs. In this study, impact of membrane module design on treatment and filtration performance of MBRs was investigated. For this purpose, two flat sheet membrane modules with different outlet structures and module geometries, including rectangular- and D-shaped, were tested. In addition to the differences in outlet structure and module geometry, size of circular structures which supported membranes in rectangular- and D-shaped modules differed from each other. Considering the results, permeate quality was not affected from the change in the module design. However, the most remarkable impact of the module design was observed on the transmembrane pressure (TMP) evolution and fouling potential. D-shaped membrane module including smaller circular structures resulted in a decrease in fouling potential and thus, this module could be operated longer time in comparison to rectangular-shaped membrane module without a severe TMP increase. The observed differences in TMP increase and fouling potential lead to the hypothesis that module design is a critical factor affecting filtration performance in MBRs.     

Short-term fouling propensity and flux behavior in an osmotic membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment

The short-term fouling behavior of forward osmosis (FO) membrane in an osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) was investigated, using NaCl or MgCl₂ as the draw solutions. The effect of membrane orientation, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration and draw solution (DS) osmotic pressure on water flux and membrane fouling behaviors was examined, along with the effects of simulated elevated salinity on sludge properties and on membrane fouling. Water flux and membrane fouling were not significantly affected by both MLSS concentration (4.91–12.60 g/L) and osmotic pressure (3.0–15.0 MPa), but were severely affected by elevated salinity, due to changes in activated sludge properties, in particular the increase in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and sludge hydrophobicity. MgCl₂ as the DS showed more significant influence on activated sludge properties and membrane fouling than NaCl but gave rise to lower salt accumulation. Analyses of the membrane foulants showed that small sludge floc/particles and EPS (in particular, proteins) were enriched in the fouling layer. UPLC–MS/MS analyses of the proteins showed that hydrophobic proteins were the main cause of membrane fouling.     

Membrane bioreactors for hospital wastewater treatment: recent advancements in membranes and processes

Discharged hospital wastewater contains various pathogenic microorganisms, antibiotic groups, toxic organic compounds, radioactive elements, and ionic pollutants. These contaminants harm the environment and human health causing the spread of disease. Thus, effective treatment of hospital wastewater is an urgent task for sustainable development. Membranes, with controllable porous and nonporous structures, have been rapidly developed for molecular separations. In particular, membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology demonstrated high removal efficiency toward organic compounds and low waste sludge production. To further enhance the separation efficiency and achieve material recovery from hospital waste streams, novel concepts of MBRs and their applications are rapidly evolved through hybridizing novel membranes (non hydrophilic ultrafiltration/microfiltration) into the MBR units (hybrid MBRs) or the MBR as a pretreatment step and integrating other membrane processes as subsequent secondary purification step (integrated MBR-membrane systems). However, there is a lack of reviews on the latest advancement in MBR technologies for hospital wastewater treatment, and analysis on its major challenges and future trends. This review started with an overview of main pollutants in common hospital wastewater, followed by an understanding on the key performance indicators/criteria in MBR membranes (i.e., solute selectivity) and processes (e.g., fouling). Then, an in-depth analysis was provided into the recent development of hybrid MBR and integrated MBR-membrane system concepts, and applications correlated with wastewater sources, with a particular focus on hospital wastewaters. It is anticipated that this review will shed light on the knowledge gaps in the field, highlighting the potential contribution of hybrid MBRs and integrated MBR-membrane systems toward global epidemic prevention.     

污泥形态变化对膜生物反应器处理性能及膜污染的影响

通过对膜生物反应器(MBR)系统中污泥颗粒变化和处理模拟废水水质的监测,考察了污泥形态变化对MBR处理性能和膜污染的影响。结果表明:MBR中颗粒有保持均匀分布并缓慢减小的趋势,颗粒大小对COD去除有一定影响,对氮磷的去除影响甚微,但是会加速膜污染。     

膜生物反应器处理废水技术研究的进展

引用了40篇参考文献，综述了膜生物反应器处理生活污水及有机废水的特点，重点阐述了膜生物反应器中超滤膜污染的主要原因及相应的防治措施，并就膜生物反应器的研究现状，提出一些建议。     

膜生物反应器膜污染数学模型研究进展

本文论述了膜生物反应器膜污染的影响因素、膜污染机理,阐述了膜污染数学模型的研究概况。最后,指出了活性污泥数学模型和人工神经网络在膜污染研究中的应用前景。