Viscosities and Excess Molar Volumes of Binary Mixtures of Alkyl Acetates with Di-, Tri-, and Tetrachloroethane

The excess molar volume V ^E, viscosity deviation , excess viscosity ^E, and excess Gibbs energy of activation G*^E of viscous flow have been investigated from density and viscosity measurements of nine binary mixtures of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and amyl acetate with dichloroethane, trichloroethane, and tetrachloroethane at 303.15 K. The results were fitted to polynomials of variable degree. The viscosity data have been correlated with the equations of Grunberg and Nissan, Hind, McLaughlin, and Ubbelohde, Tamura and Kurata, Katti and Chaudhri, McAllister, Heric, and Auslaender. The results have been analyzed in terms of molecular interactions between alkyl acetates and chloroethanes.     

含季鏻阳离子的抗菌改性蒙脱土的制备及表征

采用离子交换法将十六烷基三苯基插入到钠基蒙脱土的层间得到4种不同季鏻阳离子含量的改性蒙脱土,通过热重分析（TGA）、X射线衍射法（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）表征了结构,并测试了其Zeta电位和抗菌活性. 发现4种改性蒙脱土中季鏻阳离子的热分解起始温度都高于230℃,具有较好的热稳定性. 并且随着改性蒙脱土中季鏻阳离子含量的增加,其层间距变大、Zeta电位升高、抗菌活性增强. 钠基蒙脱土为片状结构,粒子之间相互缠绕在一起,而改性蒙脱土显示不规则形状. 对季鏻阳离子含量为23.55wt%的QPC/MMT 3样品,其对大肠杆菌（E.coli）和金黄色葡萄球菌（S.aureus）的最低抑菌浓度（MICs）分别为1.2和0.1g/L;与细菌接触24h后,1.0g/L的样品可杀死99.9%以上的E.coli,0.1g/L的样品可杀死所有的S.aureus. QPC/MMT 3还具有较好的耐水性能.     

Synthesis and Crystal-Chemical Properties of Phosphates BI IRI I IMI V(PO4)3 Containing f, d, and Alkaline-Earth Elements

New triple phosphates containing f, d, and alkaline-earth elements or cadmium of the general formula BIIRIIIMIV(PO₄)₃ (B = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cd; R = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd; M = Zr, Ce, Th, U) were prepared. The compounds were characterized by X-ray phase analysis, IR spectroscopy, and high-temperature X-ray diffraction. The compounds crystallize in the monazite and kosnarite structures (space groups P2₁/n and R-3c or R-3, respectively). The X-ray diffraction characteristics of the synthesized phases were determined. The influence of the cationic composition on the structure formation was analyzed.     

Thermodynamic Studies on Silver and Thallium Nitrate

The molar conductivities (Λ) of aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and thallium nitrate were measured in the temperature range from 291.15 K to 314.15 K. The Λ values were analyzed using the Lee–Wheaton model, and the limiting molar conductivities (Λ _o) as well as the association equilibrium constants (K _A) were derived. The center-to-center distances (α) of the formed ion pairs were considered to be equal to the Bjerrum’s distance. The limiting ion conductivities (λ_±) were determined. The thermodynamic functions, Gibbs energy (ΔG _A), enthalpy (ΔH _A), and entropy (ΔS _A) for the ion-pair formation process were determined as well. The results are discussed in terms of ion–ion and ion–solvent interactions.     

Phase Transitions in a Mixture of Tri- and Pentacosane Molecular Crystals

Phase transitions (PTs) in a mixture of normal alkanes—tricosane (C₂₃H₄₈) and pentacosane (C₂₅H₅₂)—have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Elimination of methodological errors makes it possible to obtain true values of the thermodynamic PT parameters and reveal their nature. Jumps of the specific heat have been comparatively analyzed based on the theory of diffuse first-order PTs.     

Synthesis,Thermal Expansion Behavior and Sintering of Sodium Zirconium Nickel and Calcium Zirconium Nickel Phosphates

Inorganic Materials - New NZP-type solid solutions, Na1+2xZr2–xNix(PO4)3 and Ca0.5+xZr2–xNix(PO4)3 with x = 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50, have been prepared by solid-state reactions. The...     

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Organic Cations Buckminsterfulleride Salts

Abstract

Six new organic cations (Triphenylmethane dye, Hemicyanine dyes, calix[4]arene derivative) buckminsterfulleride salts were prepared by metathetical reaction. the products were characterized by UV-NIR, ESI-MS, ESR and FT-IR. the ESR spectra show a typical C₆₀ anion radical signal and dependence on countercations and temperature, the linewidth has an abrupt increasing at about the THF melting point and the ESR signal diminishes gradually when the temperature below 170K. the possible explanation is that the THF crystallization results in exclusion of solute from the lattice and leads to C₆₀ anion aggregation, which promotes line broadening and diamagnetic dimer of (C₆₀)₂ ^2? forming.     

Oxidized Fullerene Derivatives Containing Hydroxyl,Nitro and Fluorine Groups

Abstract

Oxidation of fullerene was performed with fuming nitric acid and a soluble orange compound was synthesized and identified as polyhydroxy-polynitro fullerene. The formation of fullerene derivatives containing oxygen and fluorine were attempted by different methods using F₂, HF aqueous solution and fuming nitric acid. Resulting compounds were generally characterized by X-ray diffraction and IR and NMR spectroscopy.     

Oxidized Fullerene Derivatives Containing Hydroxyl, Nitro and Fluorine Groups

Oxidation of fullerene was performed with fuming nitric acid and a soluble orange compound was synthesized and identified as polyhydroxy-polynitro fullerene. The formation of fullerene derivatives containing oxygen and fluorine were attempted by different methods using F₂, HF aqueous solution and fuming nitric acid. Resulting compounds were generally characterized by X-ray diffraction and IR and NMR spectroscopy.     

Composition and Properties of Superconducting Materials Containing Rare Earths, V, and W

Property–composition relationships in multicomponent superconductors containing rare earths, vanadium, and tungsten are examined. A method is proposed for determining these elements with high accuracy and reproducibility.     

Metal‐Containing Polydopamine Nanomaterials: Catalysis,Energy, and Theranostics

Polydopamine (PDA) is a major type of artificial melanin material with many interesting properties such as antioxidant activity, free‐radical scavenging, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and strong metal‐ion chelation. The high affinity of PDA to a wide range of metals/metal ions has offered a new class of functional metal‐containing polydopamine (MPDA) nanomaterials with promising functions and extensive applications. Understanding and controlling the metal coordination environment is vital to achieve desirable functions for which such materials can be exploited. MPDA nanomaterials with metal/metal ions as the active functions are reviewed, including their synthesis and metal coordination environment and their applications in catalysis, batteries, solar cells, capacitors, medical imaging, cancer therapy, antifouling, and antibacterial coating. The current trends, limitations, and future directions of this area are also explored.     

含辣素衍生结构单体及其聚合物的合成、抑菌与抑藻性能

以取代芳烃和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺为原料,采用傅克烷基化反应合成了四种含辣素衍生结构单体:4-羟基-2-甲基-5-甲硫基苄基丙烯酰胺(A)、2-羟基-4-丙烯酰胺甲基-5-甲硫基-6-甲基苄基丙烯酰胺(B)、3-丙烯酰胺甲基-2-羟基苯甲酰胺(C)和1-丙烯酰胺甲基-2-萘酚(D),并通过红外光谱(IR)和核磁氢谱(1H NMR)对其结构进行了表征.抑菌实验结果表明化合物D对两种受试菌(金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌)的抑制活性最高,最小抑菌浓度均可达到0.187 5 mg/mL,且D对两种受试藻(三角褐指藻和新月菱形藻)的抑制活性也最高.以四种化合物为功能单体合成出树脂,树脂对受试藻均具有较高的抑制活性,含化合物D的树脂的抑制活性最高,72 h后抑制率均可达到50％以上.     

含铬熟料的烧成、水化及其浸出毒性

为探索水泥窑协同处置含铬固体废弃物的可行性,通过测定熟料的f-CaO含量、强度、铬浸出浓度,以及分析熟料的矿物、水化产物和水化放热,研究了CrO3对熟料烧成、水化及浸出毒性的影响规律及机制。结果表明:当CrO3掺量低于2%时,熟料的f-CaO含量和3d、28d、90d强度随掺量的变化不明显;Cr(Ⅵ)/∑Cr浸出浓度随CrO3掺量增加而增大,随养护龄期延长而减小。当CrO3掺量小于0.25%时,熟料Cr(Ⅵ)浸出浓度均低于0.05mg/L,符合Ⅱ类地表水环境质量标准限值;当CrO3掺量较高时,抑制C3S形成,并显著延缓水化;熟料对铬的固化可归因于熟料矿物和水化产物对铬的固溶和包裹。掺加少量CrO3对熟料烧成、水化、性能均无不利影响,产品的环境安全性能够得到保证,水泥窑协同处置含铬废弃物是值得深入研究的技术途径。     

含辣素衍生结构单体及其聚合物的合成、抑菌与抑藻性能

以取代芳烃和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺为原料,采用傅克烷基化反应合成了四种含辣素衍生结构单体:4-羟基-2-甲基-5-甲硫基苄基丙烯酰胺(A)、2-羟基-4-丙烯酰胺甲基-5-甲硫基-6-甲基苄基丙烯酰胺(B)、3-丙烯酰胺甲基-2-羟基苯甲酰胺(C)和1-丙烯酰胺甲基-2-萘酚(D),并通过红外光谱(IR)和核磁氢谱(1 H NMR)对其结构进行了表征。抑菌实验结果表明化合物D对两种受试菌(金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌)的抑制活性最高,最小抑菌浓度均可达到0.187 5mg/mL,且D对两种受试藻(三角褐指藻和新月菱形藻)的抑制活性也最高。以四种化合物为功能单体合成出树脂,树脂对受试藻均具有较高的抑制活性,含化合物D的树脂的抑制活性最高,72h后抑制率均可达到50%以上。     

Preparation,Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Solid Dispersions Containing Docetaxel

Solid dispersions using water-soluble carriers were studied for improving the dissolution of docetaxel, a poorly soluble compound. In order to obtain the most optimized formulation, we prepared many solid dispersions with different carriers, different solvents, or at a series of drug-to-carrier ratios, and compared their dissolution. The accumulative dissolution of docetaxel from poloxamer 188 was more excellent than that from PVP_k30 and glyceryl monostearate, and the dissolution of docetaxel from solid dispersion was markedly higher than that of pure docetaxel; meanwhile the increased dissolution was partly dependent on the ratios of docetaxel and poloxamer 188. The ethanol used to prepare solid dispersion is of more significant effect on the dissolution of docetaxel than that of acetone. The docetaxel/poloxamer 188 system was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The results of DSC, XRD, and ESEM analyses of docetaxel/poloxamer 188 system showed that there are intermolecular interactions between docetaxel and poloxamer, and the crystallinity of docetaxel disappeared. These results show that solid dispersion is a promising approach of developing docetaxel drug formulates.     

含金刚烷聚合物的研究进展

含金刚烷聚合物在气体分离、液晶显示材料、通讯技术、微电子、生物医学等高新技术领域已显示出潜在用途。文中对以金刚烷衍生物为单体的聚合物的合成、结构与性能等方面的研究进展做了分析和评述,对这一领域的发展趋势进行了展望。