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OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive review of interventions and policies aimed at reducing youth cigarette smoking in the United States, including strategies that have undergone evaluation and emerging innovations that have not yet been assessed for efficacy. DATA SOURCES: Medline literature searches, books, reports, electronic list servers, and interviews with tobacco control advocates. DATA SYNTHESIS: Interventions and policy approaches that have been assessed or evaluated were categorised using a typology with seven categories (school based, community interventions, mass media/public education, advertising restrictions, youth access restrictions, tobacco excise taxes, and direct restrictions on smoking). Novel and largely untested interventions were described using nine categories. CONCLUSIONS: Youth smoking prevention and control efforts have had mixed results. However, this review suggests a number of prevention strategies that are promising, especially if conducted in a coordinated way to take advantage of potential synergies across interventions. Several types of strategies warrant additional attention and evaluation, including aggressive media campaigns, teen smoking cessation programmes, social environment changes, community interventions, and increasing cigarette prices. A significant proportion of the resources obtained from the recent settlement between 46 US states and the tobacco industry should be devoted to expanding, improving and evaluating "youth centred" tobacco prevention and control activities.  相似文献   

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Preventing tobacco addiction and achieving cessation in established users are the cornerstones of efforts to reduce tobacco use and disease. It has been increasingly recognised that reducing tobacco toxin exposure has theoretical potential to reduce disease in continuing tobacco users. This has been controversial because such approaches also carry the potential to undermine prevention and cessation. As complicated as harm reduction issues are for adults, they are still more complicated for youth. Harm reduction is not a singular approach, but rather a concept that encompasses an extremely diverse array of potential approaches. These carry equally diverse potential risks and benefits. The regulatory framework (for example, whether or not the Food and Drug Administration regulates the approach) is also predicted to be a major factor in determining the consequences of harm reduction approaches. This paper examines the various issues and potential approaches concerning the application of harm reduction to youth. We conclude that although some carry great risk, others may actually support broader tobacco control efforts to prevent tobacco use and foster cessation in youth and adults.  相似文献   

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Background: About 81% of cigarette manufacturers' marketing expenditures in the USA is spent to promote cigarette sales in stores. Relatively little is known about how these expenditures help the manufacturers achieve their marketing goals in stores. A better understanding of how tobacco companies influence the retail environment would help researchers and tobacco control activists to monitor industry presence in stores.  相似文献   

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遵义烟草可持续发展的创新平台和技术体系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为加强烟叶的基础地位,建立质量优良、规模稳定的优质烟叶生产基地,满足中式卷烟的发展需要,遵义市烟草分公司在落实优质烟叶科技示范基地建设项目的过程中,形成了以遵义烟草分公司为主体,以科研单位为技术依托,与上海、长沙、武汉、贵阳等卷烟厂通力合作.在构建可持续发展的技术创新体系,完善技术推广服务体系,建立烟叶质量区域定位和烟叶质量全程监控体系,优化烟叶收购、加工、营销体系和生产组织保障体系5个方面进行了积极的探索,有力促进遵义烟草的可持续发展.  相似文献   

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开拓创新,推动芝麻产业的发展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
今天,我们在这里召开2006’全国芝麻及芝麻制品新技术论坛。首先,我代表主办单位对来自各方面的领导和专家表示热烈的欢迎。在当前我国芝麻生产、贸易和加工处在关键时刻之际,从事芝麻农业、贸易、加工和研究等方面的领导和专家聚集在上海,共商我国芝麻产业的发展,这是一件具有  相似文献   

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OBJECTIVE: To describe how the tobacco industry used the "accommodation" message to mount an aggressive and effective worldwide campaign to recruit hospitality associations, such as restaurant associations, to serve as the tobacco industry's surrogate in fighting against smoke-free environments. METHODS: We analysed tobacco industry documents publicly available on the internet as a result of litigation in the USA. Documents were accessed between January and November 2001. RESULTS: The tobacco industry, led by Philip Morris, made financial contributions to existing hospitality associations or, when it did not find an association willing to work for tobacco interests, created its own "association" in order to prevent the growth of smoke-free environments. The industry also used hospitality associations as a vehicle for programmes promoting "accommodation" of smokers and non-smokers, which ignore the health risks of second hand smoke for employees and patrons of hospitality venues. CONCLUSION: Through the myth of lost profits, the tobacco industry has fooled the hospitality industry into embracing expensive ventilation equipment, while in reality 100% smoke-free laws have been shown to have no effect on business revenues, or even to improve them. The tobacco industry has effectively turned the hospitality industry into its de facto lobbying arm on clean indoor air. Public health advocates need to understand that, with rare exceptions, when they talk to organised restaurant associations they are effectively talking to the tobacco industry and must act accordingly.  相似文献   

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烟草检测实验室如何开展能力验证活动   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
各级烟草质量检测站依据行业标准建站以后 ,通常靠有关上级主管部门的验收来确认能力 ,但实验室本身在如何进一步采取有效的措施以加强内部技术管理确保能力的提高方面 ,与实验室规范管理的要求目前仍有一定差距。开展“能力验证”活动是确保内部技术管理、提高实验室检测能力的最有效措施之一 ,然而在烟草行业内许多检测实验室对“能力验证”活动却还处于既熟悉又陌生的状态。有些实验室对此活动已有所认识 ,并在一定范围内开展了此项活动 ,但仍有部分实验室还缺乏认识或并非完全认识 ,甚至有的还未引起重视。实验室能否正常开展“能力验证…  相似文献   

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