Drude-Lorentz色散模型研究光学Tamm态的性质

废旧塑封芯片的界面分层会严重影响其回收重用价值, 一直是废弃电器电子产品(WEEE)资源化研究中关注的热点问题。基于有限元仿真方法, 分析了废旧QFP塑封芯片在线路板拆解温度下的翘曲变形和各材料界面应力分布。研究表明, 拆解温度过高时, 芯片翘曲过大容易导致材料膨胀力失配, 造成界面分层; 在粘结层、衬底和模塑料的结合区域应力水平非常高, 较易发生分层; 模塑料在拆解温度下为玻璃态, 与管芯及衬底的结合强度均降低, 其界面角点均为较易发生分层的位置。     

废旧塑封芯片分层热力学仿真研究

废旧塑封芯片的界面分层会严重影响其回收重用价值,一直是废弃电器电子产品(WEEE)资源化研究中关注的热点问题.基于有限元仿真方法,分析了废旧QFP塑封芯片在线路板拆解温度下的翘曲变形和各材料界面应力分布.研究表明,拆解温度过高时,芯片翘曲过大容易导致材料膨胀力失配,造成界面分层;在粘结层、衬底和模塑料的结合区域应力水平非常高,较易发生分层;模塑料在拆解温度下为玻璃态,与管芯及衬底的结合强度均降低,其界面角点均为较易发生分层的位置.     

塑封器件回流焊与分层的研究

由于无铅焊料的应用,回流焊的温度提高影响了塑封器件的质量和可靠性。针对实际的LQFP器件,利用有限元软件建立三维模型,分析了塑封器件在潮湿环境中的湿气扩散及回流焊中的形变和热应力分布,并讨论了塑封料参数及细小裂纹对分层的影响。结果表明,在湿热的加载下,塑封器件的顶角易发生翘曲现象;芯片与塑封料界面处易分层,导致器件失效。     

薄型塑封芯片钝化层损伤的失效分析与改进

针对某薄型塑封产品试制中出现的开、短路问题,通过表面研磨、截面剖切、能谱分析等失效分析手段,确认了塑封料内无机填料颗粒损伤芯片钝化层的缺陷模式。从塑封材料的使用管控、塑封工艺参数改进及塑封料选型等角度对钝化层损伤问题进行了分析与验证。结果表明,合模压力的施加过程是影响芯片钝化层损伤的关键因素,采用215 k N的1段式合模压力设定可有效改善该缺陷,对薄型封装的塑封参数设定及材料选型提供了参考建议。     

粘片胶固化对塑封集成电路可靠性的影响

当具有诸如分层等可靠性缺陷的微电子器件焊接在线路板上,通过回流焊时会产生塑封体裂缝、塑封体鼓胀等重要缺陷。粘片胶未充分固化、水汽未完全排除、环境湿气较大易吸湿等原因导致水汽沿着塑封体与引线引脚向内部扩散。表现为各结合面的分层,粘片胶与芯片之间、塑封体与引线之间、塑封体与芯片之间,各种分层在快速加热产生的热应力下水汽快速膨胀,从而引起器件可靠性隐患。     

基于COB技术的SiP模块可靠性分析

针对COB形式的SiP模块,应用有限元分析方法模拟了该模块在湿热环境下的湿气扩散和湿应力分布,以及回流焊过程中的热应力分布,并通过吸湿实验和回流焊实验分析了该模块失效模式.结果表明,在湿热环境下,粘接材料夹在芯片和焊盘中间不易吸湿,造成粘接材料的相对湿度比塑封材料的相对湿度低得多.塑封材料相对湿度较高,产生较大的湿膨胀,使湿应力主要分布在塑封材料与芯片相接触的界面上.由于材料参数失配,回流焊过程产生的热应力主要分布在粘接材料和铜焊盘的界面,以及塑封料和铜焊盘的界面,在经过吸湿和回流焊实验后观察到界面分层沿着这些界面扩展.     

叠层芯片封装技术与工艺探讨

论述了在叠层芯片封装的市场需求和挑战。首先采用在LQFP一个标准封装尺寸内,贴装2个或更多的芯片,这就要求封装体内每一个部分的尺寸都需要减小,例如芯片厚度、银胶厚度,金丝弧度,塑封体厚度等,要求在叠层封装过程中开发相应的技术来解决上述问题。重点就芯片减薄,银胶控制,无损化装片,立体键合,可靠性等进行了详细的介绍。     

塑封IC翘曲问题

为分析封装材料及模塑过程参数对塑封IC翘曲的影响,本文先介绍塑料四边引线扁平封装(PQFP)使用的环氧模塑化合物(EMC)的热特性。并对不同模塑样品的聚合程度(DOC)、热膨胀系数(CTE)、玻璃转变温度Tg、剪切模量G等,运用各种热分析技术进行测量。结合不同封装过程参数,运用三维有限元分析法进行封装翘曲预测。最后对塑料四边引线扁平封装(PQFP)IC翘曲的测量值与预测值进行比较。     

新型在线处理快速固化芯片粘结剂

一、前言对于塑封应用聚合物芯片粘结来说，目前已大部分取代了以前使用昂贵的预制金片烧结。结果，每年聚合物芯片粘结市场已超过6000万美元。通常，一种芯片粘结材料可用于不同的器件形式和封装类型。但是，根据当前芯片朝更大、封装更簿和在线处理方向发展的趋势，这种方式已不再适合了。于是，塑料包封器件芯片粘结市场按照对材料不同要求分成两块：低成本小芯片快速固化材料和大芯片＼薄型封装低应力／抗“爆米花”popcorn材料。烘箱固化掺银环氧树脂和聚酸亚胺粘结芯片方法成为工业化标准已多年，但其典型的粘结固化时间是在175℃下烘…     

PBGA封装的耐湿热可靠性试验研究

塑封电子器件作为一种微电子封装结构形式得到了广泛的应用,因此湿热环境下塑封电子器件的界面可靠性也越来越受到人们的关注.为了研究塑封器件及其所用材料在高湿和炎热(典型的热带环境)条件下的可靠性,采用耐湿温度循环的试验方法,以塑封球栅平面阵列封装(PBGA)器件为例进行测试.试验结果表明,芯片是最容易产生裂纹的地方,试验后期器件产生的裂纹主要出现在芯片和DA材料界面处及芯片、DA材料和EMC材料三种材料的交界处.空洞缺陷是使界面层间开裂的主要原因,在高温产生的蒸汽压力和热机械应力的作用下,界面上的微孔洞扩张并结合起来,导致器件最后失效.     

Properties of quad flat package joints using Sn-Zn-Bi solder with varying lead-plating materials

The effects of plating materials (Sn-10Pb, Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3Bi, Sn-0.7Cu, and Au/Pd/Ni) on Cu leads on quad flat package (QFP) joints using a Sn-8Zn-3Bi solder were investigated. The joints with Sn-3.5Ag plating and Sn-8Zn-3Bi solder had the slowest growth rate of interfacial reaction layers and the highest strength. The Ag dissolution into the interfacial reaction layers causes this increased strength. The Sn-Ag plating is the best plating material for Cu leads among the five kinds of plating using Sn-8Zn-3Bi solder.     

QFN芯片表面划痕检测定位方法设计

在工业应用中,需要对方形扁平无引脚封装(Quad flat no-lead package, QFN)芯片表面划痕实时 准确检测,提出了一种快速的芯片表面划痕检测定位方法。通过图像分割算法获取缺陷图像,结合 轮廓提取算法可以较好地实现芯片表面划痕定位。同时,为了保证对芯片表面划痕实时检测,采用 基于粒子群的Otsu多阈值算法进行图像分割,不仅使得图像中缺陷区域更加明显,而且缩短了芯片 表面划痕检测时间。与直接采用Otsu算法相比,芯片表面划痕检测时间由秒级缩短至毫秒级,提高 了芯片质量检测效率。该划痕快速定位检测方法对芯片检测设备软件系统开发与应用具有重要的参考价值。     

High density packaging technology ultra thin package & new tab package

As electronic devices become more highly integrated, the demand for small, high pin count packages has been increasing. We have developed two new types of IC packages in response to this demand. One is an ultra thin small outline package (TSOP) which has been reduced in size from the standard SOP and the other, which uses Tape Automated Bonding (TAB) technology, is a super thin, high pin count TAB in cap (T.I.C.) package. In this paper, we present these packages and their features along with the technologies used to improve package reliability and TAB. Thin packages are vulnerable to high humidity exposure, especially after heat shock.1 The following items were therefore investigated in order to improve humidity resistance: (1) The molding compound thermal stress, (2) Water absorption into the molding compound and its effect on package cracking during solder dipping, (3) Chip attach pad area and its affect on package cracking, (4) Adhesion between molding resin and chip attach pad and its affect on humidity resistance. With the improvements made as a result of these investigations, the reliability of the new thin packages is similar to that of the standard thicker plastic packages.     

一种陶瓷方形扁平封装外观缺陷检测方法

提出一种基于机器视觉的陶瓷方形扁平封装外观缺陷检测方法。对于封装外形尺寸较大而缺陷较细微的情形,将待检片分为多个区域与标准样片进行比对检测。首先通过Foerstner特征点检测法提取标准片图像的特征点,然后使用随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)图像匹配算法,将所有标准片图像拼接并融合生成一张标准片全幅面模板,再将待检片分区与标准片模板进行序贯比对,以提取可疑区域,最后利用支持向量机(SVM)分类器对可疑区域进行筛选分类。实验结果表明,这种方法不仅克服了传统视觉检测过程中视野范围与图像分辨率相互制约的矛盾,且对陶瓷方形扁平封装表面缺陷具有较高的检出率。     

一种LQFP64引线框架封装的优化设计

工艺简单、成本低廉是引线框架封装的优点,但引线框架的固定结构限制了其应用带宽。文中利用HFSS软件完成了一种标准的LQFP64引线框架的优化建模和S参数仿真。结果表明,该LQFP64优化模型以较低的封装成本提高了射频／微波集成电路的封装带宽,其回波损耗S31在4．7GHz为-1dB、插入损耗S11在4．9GHz为-15...     

Package design and materials selection optimization for overmolded flip chip packaging

In overmolded flip chip (OM-FC) packaging, interface delamination-particularly at the die/underfill interface-is often expected to be a main type of failure mode. In this paper, a systematic stress analysis is performed by means of numerical simulations for the optimal design of package geometries and materials combinations. The behavior of the interfacial stresses at the die/underfill and die/mold-compound (MC) during the molding process is investigated, followed by a parametric study to examine the effects of the package geometries and materials parameters including the underfill fillet size, die thickness, die size, die standoff height, solder mask design pattern, MC used as underfill material, MC properties, etc., on the interfacial stresses. The results demonstrate that a proper selection of these parameters can mitigate the interfacial stresses, and thus is important for the reliability of the low-cost OM-FC packages.     

Characterization of chip scale packaging materials

The mechanical stability of Chip Scale Packages (CSP) used in surface mount technology is of primary concern. The dominant issues are package warpage and solder fatigue in solder joints under cyclic loads. To address these issues, molding compound and die attach film were characterized with finite element method which employed a viscoelastic and viscoplastic constitutive model. The model was verified with experiments on package warpage, PCB warpage and solder joint reliability. After the correlation was observed, the effect of molding compound and die attach film on package warpage and solder joint reliability was investigated. It was found that package warpage tremendously affected solder joint reliability. Furthermore, a die attach film was developed based on results of the modeling. CSP with the developed die attach film are robust and capable of withstanding the thermal stresses, humidity and high temperatures encountered in typical package assembly and die attach processes. Also, a lead free solder is discussed based on the results of creep testing. This paper presents the viscoelastic and viscoplastic constitutive model and its verification, the optimum material properties, the experimental and simulated reliability and performance results of the u*BGA packages, and the lead free solder creep.     

球形触点阵列与四边扁平封装的比较

球形触点阵列（ＢＧＡ）封装技术作为一种新的封装技术越来越受到人们的重视。从安装率和成本、表面安装印制板设计以及焊点可靠性三个方面对球形触点阵列与四边扁平封装（ＱＦＰ）进行了比较。分析认为，ＢＧＡ和ＱＦＰ各有其优势和劣势，各有其应用重点。     

Integrated vapor pressure, hygroswelling, and thermo-mechanical stress modeling of QFN package during reflow with interfacial fracture mechanics analysis

In this paper, a comprehensive and integrated package stress model is established for quad flat non-lead package with detailed considerations of effects of moisture diffusion, heat transfer, thermo-mechanical stress, hygro-mechanical stress and vapor pressure induced during reflow. The critical plastic materials, i.e., moldcompound and die attach are characterized for hygroswelling and moisture properties, which are not easily available from material suppliers. The moisture absorption during preconditioning at JEDEC Level 1, and moisture desorption at various high temperatures are characterized. The moisture diffusivity is a few orders higher at reflow temperature than moisture preconditioning temperature. Due to coefficient of moisture expansion mismatch among various materials, hygro-mechanical stress is induced. The concept is analogous to coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch which results in thermo-mechanical stress. Thermal diffusivity is much faster than the moisture diffusivity. During reflow, the internal package reaches uniform temperature within a few seconds. The vapor pressure can be calculated based on the local moisture concentration after preconditioning. Results show that the vapor pressure saturates much faster than the moisture diffusion, and a near uniform vapor pressure is reached in the package. The vapor pressure introduces additional strain of the same order as the thermal strain and hygrostrain to the package. Subsequently, the interfacial fracture mechanics model is applied to study the effect of crack length on die/mold compound and die/die attach delamination.