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In this overview the technique of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and its use are described. AMS is a highly sensitive method of counting atoms. It is used to detect very low concentrations of natural isotopic abundances (typically in the range between 10(-12) and 10(-16)) of both radionuclides and stable nuclides. The main advantages of AMS compared to conventional radiometric methods are the use of smaller samples (mg and even sub-mg size) and shorter measuring times (less than 1 hr). The equipment used for AMS is almost exclusively based on the electrostatic tandem accelerator, although some of the newest systems are based on a slightly different principle. Dedicated accelerators as well as older "nuclear physics machines" can be found in the 80 or so AMS laboratories in existence today. The most widely used isotope studied with AMS is 14C. Besides radiocarbon dating this isotope is used in climate studies, biomedicine applications and many other fields. More than 100,000 14C samples are measured per year. Other isotopes studied include 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, 59Ni, 129I, U, and Pu. Although these measurements are important, the number of samples of these other isotopes measured each year is estimated to be less than 10% of the number of 14C samples. 相似文献
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Matteson S 《Mass spectrometry reviews》2008,27(5):470-484
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has developed in the last 30 years many notable applications to the spectrometry of radioisotopes, particularly in radiocarbon dating. The instrumentation science of trace element AMS (TEAMS) that analyzes stable isotopes, also called Accelerator SIMS or MegaSIMS, while unique in many features, has also shared in many of these significant advances and has pushed TEAMS sensitivity to concentration levels surpassing many competing mass spectroscopic technologies. This review examines recent instrumentation developments, the capabilities of the new instrumentation and discernable trends for future development. 相似文献
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加速器质谱(AMS)诞生于20世纪70年代末,是一种基于加速器和离子探测器的高能质谱,其克服了传统质谱存在的分子本底、同量异位素本底干扰的限制,对同位素丰度测量灵敏度从传统质谱的10-8提高至10-15量级。目前,AMS仪器研发向更加小型化、更高灵敏度方向发展。仪器小型化是在保持测量丰度灵敏度(10-15)的前提下,使AMS仪器与传统MS仪器的体积相似,且可以实现现场在线测量;超高灵敏度是使测量的丰度灵敏度从目前的10-15提高至10-16~10-17。由于仪器小型化和高灵敏度的发展趋势,AMS的应用范围不断扩大,涉及核科学、核能与核安全、环境与资源、生物医学、考古、地质和材料科学等领域。本文综述了近年来AMS技术及其应用进展情况,并对该技术的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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本文介绍了国际上加速器质谱(accelerator mass spectrometry, AMS)仪器技术的发展过程和现状和40年来我国AMS仪器研发的进展情况,以及最具代表性的中国原子能科学研究院和启先核(北京)科技有限公司仪器研发的情况。着重介绍了我国最新发明的基于超强电离技术的质谱学原理、仪器结构与特点,以及能够开展的应用。 相似文献
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利用电喷雾傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪对新型植物激素独角金内酯(SLs)中具有代表意义的3种化合物进行串联质谱表征。通过多级串联质谱分析,系统地比较了GR24、5-DS和Strigol的二级质谱图,发现D环、H2O和CO中性丢失碎裂途径是SLs类化合物的共同质谱碎裂特征;此外,SLs类化合物还能够产生ABC环自由基离子,其三级谱能够提供与AB环结构相关的丰富碎片离子信息,为将来SLs类植物激素的定性和定量研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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长寿命放射性核素59Ni在核物理与天体物理、放射性废物管理、陨石与宇宙射线研究、生物医学示踪等方面有着广泛的应用前景。加速器质谱技术(AMS)是实现59Ni高灵敏测量的最佳方法,59Ni-AMS测量的关键问题在于排除同量异位素59Co的干扰。本工作利用中国原子能科学研究院HI-13大型串列加速器能量高,Q3D磁谱仪能量分辨高、色散大等特点,采用化学分离技术排除59Co,以氯化镍作为靶物质,建立了59Ni-AMS的高灵敏测量方法,并对一系列标准样品和空白样品进行测量。结果表明,此方法有效降低了59Co的干扰,空白样品中59Ni/Ni的本底水平低于5×10-13,满足实际样品的测量需要。 相似文献
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纺织品中致癌性芳香胺的质谱成像 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
表面解析常压化学电离串联质谱(SDAPCI-MSn)可以在无需样品预处理的条件下直接检测纺织品中存在的致癌性邻甲苯胺。在此基础上,分别以质子化邻甲苯胺(m/z108)及其特征峰碎片离子(m/z91)为探针,对穿过的衣服袖口进行二维质谱扫描,用不同颜色表示袖口上芳香胺信号强度的高低,在无损衣服的情况下获得该袖口上邻甲苯胺的质谱影像,从分子层次上对衣袖中邻甲苯胺的分布进行可视化表达,所成像图的空间分辨率达0.2mm2,对了解致癌性芳香胺在纺织品中的分布具有重要意义。 相似文献
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采用气相色谱-热转换-同位素比值质谱法(GC-TC-IRMS)测定有机单体化合物氢同位素。实验中每测5个样品,需要测定1个实验室工作标样(正构烷烃C21、C25、C27、C29、C31及C33)。通过逾4个月跟踪分析近1100个样品发现,采用GC-TC-IRMS法测定单体氢同位素时,从使用一个新的裂解管开始,实验室工作标样中不同碳数正构烷烃达到长期稳定状态所需的时间有所差异,C21正构烷烃达到稳定状态最快。实验表明,严格控制仪器测试条件,选用优质材料裂解管,样品气相色谱图干净、目标化合物峰分离良好,是保证GC-TC-IRMS测定有机单体氢同位素结果准确、稳定的重要条件。 相似文献
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The focus of this review is the application of mass spectrometry to the structural characterization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), also referred to as “endotoxins,” because they elicit the strong immune response in infected organisms. Recently, a wide variety of MS‐based applications have been implemented to the structure elucidation of LPS. Methodological improvements, as well as on‐ and off‐line separation procedures, proved the versatility of mass spectrometry to study complex LPS mixtures. Special attention is given in the review to the tandem mass spectrometric methods and protocols for the analyses of lipid A, the endotoxic principle of LPS. We compare and evaluate the different ionization techniques (MALDI, ESI) in view of their use in intact R‐ and S‐type LPS and lipid A studies. Methods for sample preparation of LPS prior to mass spectrometric analysis are also described. The direct identification of intrinsic heterogeneities of most intact LPS and lipid A preparations is a particular challenge, for which separation techniques (e.g., TLC, slab‐PAGE, CE, GC, HPLC) combined with mass spectrometry are often necessary. A brief summary of these combined methodologies to profile LPS molecular species is provided. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 32:90–117, 2013 相似文献
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液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定牙膏中16种磺胺类药物残留 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牙膏中16种磺胺类(磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶、磺胺苯吡唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲氧哒嗪、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺吡啶、磺胺邻二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺噻唑、磺胺甲基异噁唑、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺氯哒嗪、磺胺二甲异噁唑、磺胺甲噻二唑、磺胺醋酰)药物残留,试样经超声提取,Agilent poroshell 120 SB-C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm×2.7 μm)分离后,进行HPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下的定性及定量分析。16种磺胺类药物的方法检出限为2.0 mg/kg,在低、中、高3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为81.2%~104.7%,相对标准偏差均小于9.1%。该方法简便、灵敏度高、重现性好、定性定量准确,适用于牙膏中磺胺类药物残留的测定。 相似文献
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激光共振电离质谱是激光共振电离技术和质谱技术相结合的一种新型质谱分析技术,具有高元素选择性和高灵敏度的特点,能有效克服商业质谱仪存在的同量异位素干扰难题。为满足复杂基体干扰下超痕量核素分析测量的需求,实验室研制了一台基于磁 电双聚焦质量分析器的激光共振电离质谱仪。该装置的质量分析器采用正向Nier-Johnson型双聚焦结构,由柱形静电分析器和扇形磁质量分析器组成。本文介绍了仪器质量分析器的结构和理论参数,并对其进行理论仿真与实验测试。结果表明,该仪器实现了方向和能量双方向聚焦,具有较小的高阶像差,仪器的水平方向放大率为0.78,质量色散达到500 mm,当源狭缝宽度0.25 mm、探测器入口狭缝宽度0.65 mm时,质量分辨率(10%峰谷)达到580左右,接近质量分辨率的理论极限605。最后,介绍了本实验室利用该仪器开展的分析测量工作,展示了该装置在强同量异位素干扰下超痕量核素测量方面的部分应用情况。 相似文献