与特定乳酸菌共培养对植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391细菌素合成的诱导作用

植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391与76株乳酸菌分别共培养后,测定培养物的抑菌活性和活菌数,判断与乳酸菌共培养对植物乳杆菌细菌素合成的影响及细菌素合成与菌体密度的关系。结果表明：植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0706、KLDS4.0315、KLDS4.0351、罗伊氏乳杆菌KLDS1.0736这4株菌与植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391共培养后,抑菌活性显著增加(P＜0.01)。与罗伊氏乳杆菌共培养过程中细菌素的抑菌活性与植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391的细胞密度呈现明显的正相关性,并且发现只有活的诱导菌与植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391共培养才能够诱导细菌素的合成。     

乳酸菌细菌素Lac-B23对荧光假单胞菌及其生物膜的抑制作用

细菌素Lac-B23是由植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum B23产生的具有广谱抑菌活性的小分子肽,对嗜冷腐败菌荧光假单胞菌具有明显的抑制作用。细菌素Lac-B23对荧光假单胞菌的抑菌作用研究结果表明,细菌素Lac-B23可以使荧光假单胞菌胞内无机磷和三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)发生不同程度的泄漏;细菌素Lac-B23首先破坏荧光假单胞菌的细胞外膜,然后消散了荧光假单胞菌细胞内膜跨膜电位(Δφ)和pH值梯度(DpH),细胞外膜渗透性增强,使细胞膜形成孔道。扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜结果表明荧光假单胞菌细胞形态完整性发生改变,细胞膜破坏,从而导致细胞死亡。细菌素Lac-B23能够破坏荧光假单胞菌生物膜中的网络结构,对生物膜具有明显的破坏作用。     

Comparative study of the pln locus of the quorum-sensing regulated bacteriocin-producing L. plantarum J51 strain

Lactobacillus plantarum J51 strain was isolated from a Rioja red wine and it showed bacteriocin activity against a wide range of lactic acid bacteria of oenological importance. These characteristics conferred L. plantarum J51 a high interest both in wine microbiology and in the study of bacteriocin production. In this work the bacteriocin production regulated under the "quorum-sensing" mechanism is observed and the pln locus of the bacteriocin-producing L. plantarum J51 is fully characterized. A 20,667 bp fragment was completely sequenced (GenBank accession number DQ340868), and showed five operons (plNC8betaalphac, plnLR-like, plnABCD, plnEFI, plnGHSTUVW) and a new region containing a putative operon with three new orfs that could encode a putative two-peptide bacteriocin.     

1 株水开菲尔粒中植物乳杆菌的鉴定及产细菌素基因分析

目的：对从水开菲尔粒中分离得到1 株能产生抑菌物质的菌株QF01进行菌种鉴定,并对其产细菌素进行实验、鉴定和基因序列分析。方法：通过牛津杯法测定抑菌能力,采用聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）扩增16S rDNA和细菌素相关基因并测序,利用ProParam tool、TMHMM 2.0、InterProScan、SOPM和SWISS-MODEL在线软件对基因编码产物进行分析。结果：该菌株产的细菌素对大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli JM109）有明显的抑制作用,通过16S rDNA序列分析初步确定该菌株属于植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）。该菌株含有plnD、plnEF、plnV、plnR四种基因,其中plnV基因编码产物有跨膜螺旋结构,其结构存在信号肽特征。此外,从三级结构的模型预测得到4?种基因的编码产物均存在α-螺旋、β-转角、伸展链和无规则卷曲。结论：从水开菲尔粒分离得到的L. plantarum QF01菌株,含有plnD、plnEF、plnV、plnR细菌素基因,对大肠杆菌有很好的抑制作用。     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum N014 isolated from nham, a traditional Thai fermented pork

Lactobacillus plantarum N014 was isolated from nham, a traditional Thai fermented pork, and exhibited antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. Its bacteriocin had a broad inhibitory spectrum toward both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The bacteriocin activity was sensitive to all proteolytic enzymes used in this study, including papain, pepsin, pronase E, proteinase K, and trypsin, but was resistant to the other enzymes, such as alpha-amylase, lipase A, and lysozyme. Furthermore, activity was stable over various heat treatments and pH values. The bacteriocin exerted a bacteriolytic mode of action. It was produced during the exponential growth phase and reached its highest level as producer cells entered the stationary phase. Adsorption of the bacteriocin onto producer cells was pH-dependent. No bacteriocin adsorption was detected at pH 1 to 3, whereas 100% bacteriocin adsorption was found at pH 7. Plasmid isolation revealed that L. plantarum N014 contained no plasmids. From Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and growth inhibition testing against L. monocytogenes, the estimated molecular mass of L. plantarum N014 bacteriocin was 8 kDa.     

1株产细菌素植物乳杆菌的筛选及所产细菌素的理化性质分析

从浙江省生产的一种火腿制品中分离筛选到1株具有抑菌活性的乳酸菌菌株LH-09,对单核细胞增生李斯特菌ATCC54003的生长具有良好的抑制作用.16SrRNA序列同源性分析鉴定乳酸菌LH-09为植物乳杆菌.在排除有机酸、过氧化氢的干扰后,确定该抑菌物质为蛋白类物质,即细菌素.理化性质分析表明细菌素LH-09具有较好的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性,可被人体内蛋白酶降解.N-羟甲基甲基甘氨酸-SDS-PAGE电泳确定细菌素LH-09的分子质量在2～6 kDa之间.     

Streptococcus macedonicus ACA-DC 198 produces the lantibiotic, macedocin, at temperature and pH conditions that prevail during cheese manufacture

Streptococcus macedonicus ACA-DC 198, a natural cheese isolate, produces the anticlostridial bacteriocin, macedocin. Bacteriocin activity was detected from the mid-exponential growth phase and remained constant during the stationary phase. A secondary model was setup to describe the influence of temperature (20-45 degrees C) and pH (5.1-6.9) on cell growth of and bacteriocin production by S. macedonicus ACA-DC 198 during in vitro laboratory fermentations. The optimum temperature for bacteriocin production (20-25 degrees C) was markedly lower than the optimum growth temperature (42.3 degrees C). In contrast, the specific macedocin production was maximal around pH 6.0, whereas growth was optimal at pH 6.4. Consequently, the maximum bacteriocin activity was reached between pH 6.0 and 6.5.     

The locus responsible for production of plantaricin S,a class IIb bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum LPCO10, is widely distributed among wild-type Lact. plantarum strains isolated from olive fermentations

The genes plsA and plsB encoding for production of plantaricin S (Pls), a two-peptide bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum LPCO10, are commonly distributed among wild-type Lact. plantarum strains isolated from olive fermentations. Among 68 independent isolates from different olive processing plants in South Spain, 15 of them were shown to produce bacteriocins that were active against other lactic acid bacteria, as well as spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. On the basis of PCR amplification and hybridization with specific probes, the Pls operon was detected in all the bacteriocin producer strains but not in the non-producer ones. Purification and subsequent amino acid sequencing of the bacteriocin produced by some of the 15 isolates yielded both the alpha and beta peptides from Pls. These results suggest that bacteriocin production contributes an ecological advantage for the wild-type Lact. plantanum strains in the colonization of the spontaneous, traditional olive fermentation process.     

High-salt brines compromise autoinducer-mediated bacteriocinogenic Lactobacillus plantarum survival in Spanish-style green olive fermentations

The effect of NaCl on plantaricin production by five Lactobacillus plantarum strains was investigated. Plantaricin production in these strains was found to be regulated by three-component regulatory systems ruled by two different autoinducer peptides (AIPs), either PLNC8IF or Plantaricin A. Bacteriocin activity exhibited by these strains came to a halt in liquid medium containing NaCl concentrations of or above 2%. In contrast, bacteriocin activity was still observed when the producing strains were growing on solid medium containing up to 4% NaCl. Bacteriocin activity in liquid medium containing up to 2% NaCl could be restored by coculturing the producing strains with a selected plantaricin-production inducing strain of Lactococcus lactis. Growth of these bacteriocinogenic L. plantarum strains was monitored in traditional Spanish-style green olive fermentations. Survival of these strains could not be enhanced when provided with a range of plantaricin-production inducing mechanisms previously described, such as constitutive AIP production or coinoculation with a specific bacteriocin-production inducing strain of L. lactis. Our results suggest that it is advisable the use of constitutive bacteriocin producers, or at least non-AIP-dependant ones, as starters for olive fermentations due to the intrinsic physical characteristics of this food fermentation, especially the high salt concentration of the brines currently used.     

Detection and preliminary characterization of a bacteriocin (plantaricin 35d) produced by a Lactobacillus plantarum strain

Lactic acid bacteria (134) from Italian sausages were tested for the production of antimicrobial substances (bacteriocins). Six percent of these showed antibacterial activity against one or several closely related microorganisms used as indicators. Lactobacillus plantarum 35d in particular produced a bacteriocin of high activity (320 AU ml(-1)) and a wide range of antimicrobial activity including S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and A. hydrophila. The bacteriocin withstood heating at 80 degrees C for 120 min and storage at 4 degrees C for 6 months. The mode of action was identified as bactericidal. The apparent molecular weight of the bacteriocin extracted with n-butanol was estimated to be 4.5 kDa.     

Potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from specific natural niches in food production and preservation

Autochthonous strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been isolated from traditionally homemade cheeses collected from specific ecological localities across Serbia and Montenegro. Genetic and biochemical analysis of this LAB revealed that they produce bacteriocins, proteinases and exopolysaccharides. LAB produces a variety of antimicrobial substances with potential importance for food fermentation and preservation. Apart from the metabolic end products, some strains also secrete antimicrobial substances known as bacteriocins. Among the natural isolates of LAB from homemade cheeses, bacteriocin producers were found in both lactococci and lactobacilli. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BGMN1-5 was found to produce three narrow spectrum class II heat-stable bacteriocins. In addition to bacteriocin production, BGMN1-5 synthesized a cell envelope-associated proteinase (CEP) and shows an aggregation phenotype. Another isolate, L. lactis subsp. lactis BGSM1-19 produces low molecular mass (7 kDa) bacteriocin SM19 that showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus and partially against Salmonella paratyphi. Production of bacteriocin reaches a plateau after 8 h of BGSM1-19 growth. Bacteriocin SM19 retained activity within the wide pH range from 1 to 12 and after the treatment at 100 degrees C for 15 min. Among collection of lactobacilli, the isolate Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei BGSJ2-8 produces heat-stable bacteriocin SJ (approx. 5 kDa) polypeptide. It retained activity after treatment for 1 h at 100 degrees C, and in the pH range from 2 to 11. In addition to isolates from cheeses, bacteriocin-producing human oral lactobacilli were detected. Most of them showed antimicrobial activity against streptococci, staphylococci and micrococci, but not against Candida. Isolate BGHO1 that showed the highest antimicrobial activity was determined as L. paracasei. Interestingly, Lactobacillus helveticus BGRA43, which was isolated from the human intestine showed strong activity against Clostridium sporogenes, but it was not possible to detect any bacteriocin production in this isolate by using standard procedures. Further analysis of antimicrobial activity revealed that BGRA43 has a relatively broad spectrum. Lactobacilli resistant to nisin were also detected among natural isolates. They produce bacteriocins, which have no activity against nisin producing lactococci.     

微生物共培养对植物乳杆菌RX-8合成细菌素的诱导作用

目的:植物乳杆菌RX-8分离自中国传统泡菜,可代谢合成Ⅱb类细菌素plantaricin EF.该细菌素抑菌谱广,加工应用特性良好,有作为天然食品生物防腐剂的巨大潜力,然而,其合成水平较低,工业化生产及应用严重受限.本研究探讨外源微生物共培养作为环境刺激因子,诱导菌株RX-8高效合成plantaricin EF的可行性...     

产细菌素植物乳杆菌菌株的筛选及其细菌素生物学特征研究

从甘蓝泡菜中分离到６９株乳酸杆菌,通过琼脂点扩散交叉拮抗试验,筛选出３株有明显抑菌活性代谢产物的植物乳杆菌。排除酸、过氧化氢等干扰因素后,离心发酵液对指示菌Ｌａｃｔｏｂａｃｉｌｕｓｐｌａｎｔａｒｕｍ９６Ｄ仍有抑菌作用,用胰蛋白酶对其透析液处理后活性丧失,说明它们产生的抑菌物质是细菌素。以Ｇ８菌株为试材,对其细菌素类物质的产生及细菌素粗提物进一步研究,发现在对数末期其抑菌活性最高,对热相对稳定（１００℃,２０ｍｉｎ）,易被胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶Ｋ和胃蛋白酶失活,显示活性的ｐＨ值范围为４．０～５．５,粗提液表现为不仅抗明串株菌属、片球菌属、乳杆菌属的一些菌株,而且抗一些非乳酸菌的革兰氏阳性菌,但对大肠杆菌（Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ）等革兰氏阴性菌没有任何抑制作用。说明Ｇ８菌株产生的是一类抗广谱革兰氏阳性菌的细菌素     

Characterization of a 3944 Da bacteriocin, produced by Enterococcus mundtii ST15, with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Strain ST15, isolated from soy beans, and identified as Enterococcus mundtii, produces a 3944 Da bacteriocin that inhibits the growth of Lactobacillus sakei, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Propionibacterium sp., Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Acinetobacter baumanii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus caprinus. Bacteriocin ST15 is inactivated by proteinase K, pronase, pepsin, protease and Triton X-114, but not when treated with catalase, alpha-amylase, Triton X-100, SDS, Tween 20, Tween 80, urea and EDTA. No change in activity was recorded after 2 h at pH values between 2.0 and 12.0, and after treatment at 100 degrees C for 90 min. Activity was, however, lost after treatment at 121 degrees C for 20 min. The mode of activity is bactericidal. The highest level of activity (51200 AU ml(-1)) was recorded when cells were grown in MRS broth, pH 6.5. Bacteriocin ST15 differs from other broad-spectrum bacteriocins described for Enterococcus spp. by being active against Gram-negative bacteria and by being smaller.     

Spray-drying of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria.

Cell survival, cellular damage, and antagonistic activity were investigated after spray-drying of four bacteriocin-producing strains of lactic acid bacteria: Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 140, isolated from natural whey culture and producing a narrow-inhibitory spectrum bacteriocin); L. lactis subsp. lactis G35, isolated from pizza dough and producing nisin; Lactobacillus curvatus 32Y and Lactobacillus sp. 8Z, isolated from dry sausages. Trials were performed with bacteria suspended in skimmed milk or directly grown in whey. Three air temperatures at the inlet of the drier (160, 180, and 200 degrees C) and three flow rates (10, 13, and 17 ml/min) were assayed. Cell viability and bacteriocin activity of the dried materials were determined immediately after the process and after 5, 15, 30, and 60 days of storage at 4 degrees C. There was no significant difference between the two feeding suspensions in cell survival, always decreasing with the increase of inlet-air temperature. No loss of bacteriocin activity was detected in reconstituted powders, nor was any loss of ability to produce bacteriocin found after drying. Investigations of sensitivity to NaCl revealed only temporary damage to dried bacteria. During storage for 2 months at 4 degrees C, all samples, but mainly the lactococcal strains, displayed a gradual decrease in cell survival. Bacteriocin activity remained at the same level, allowing powders to be considered as effective biopreservatives.     

Antilisterial and amylase-sensitive bacteriocin producing Enterococcus faecium SH01 from Mukeunji,a Korean over-ripened kimchi

A bacteriocinogenic strain identified as Enterococcus faecium SH01 was isolated from mukeunji, a Korean traditional over-ripened kimchi with antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes KCTC 3569 and Lactobacillus curvatus KFRI 166. The maximum bacteriocin titer (1,280 AU/mL) was detected at the early stationary phase and was maintained for 28 h with no activity loss. The bacteriocin activity, which disappeared after treatment with the proteolytic enzymes α-chymotrypsin, pronase E, proteinase K, and trypsin, was partially inactivated using α-amylase. The activity of bacteriocin SH01 remained after heat treatment (121°C, 15 min) and exposure to pH values from 2–12. The molecular weight of crude bacteriocin SH01 was 3 kDa. The bacteriocin production phenotype (Bac⁺) was linked to a 6 kb plasmid. Bacteriocin SH1 production was not induced by the co-presence of viable cells, heat treatment, or a cell-free indicator supernatant. The mode of action of bacteriocin SH1 was bactericidal.     

源自泡菜的植物乳杆菌产新型广谱抑菌细菌素的特性分析

筛选对食源性致病菌和腐败菌有特异性抑制作用的产细菌素乳酸菌菌株,并研究细菌素的特性,为其在食品防腐中的应用提供参考。从分离自泡菜的112 株乳酸菌中反复筛选得到1 株产细菌素（BacH32）菌株（Hlh32）,经鉴定菌株Hlh32为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,其在35 ℃ MRS培养基中发酵至稳定期即18～24 h达到最大BacH32产量（对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性达到1 850 AU/mL）。通过硫酸铵盐析、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析、Sephadex G-15凝胶过滤层析、制备型高效液相色谱等方法进行纯化。Trinice十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳结果显示BacH32分子质量为6.7 kDa,与文献报道的植物乳杆菌细菌素分子质量有显著差异。细菌素BacH32对蛋白酶敏感,而脂肪酶、α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶对其无影响,表明BacH32为蛋白质。BacH32在pH 2～9的环境下孵育4 h,在37、60、80、100 ℃保持30 min或121 ℃保持15 min仍能保持较好抑菌活性。细菌素BacH32对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有广谱抑菌活性,对真菌也有一定的抑菌活性。向培养至对数初期的金黄色葡萄球菌中添加BacH32,菌体生长完全受到抑制。以上特性表明植物乳杆菌Hlh32合成的细菌素BacH32有潜力作为天然食品防腐剂在食品中使用。     

植物乳杆菌P158产细菌素培养基及培养条件的优化

为提高乳酸菌细菌素产量,以藤黄微球菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌为指示菌,通过单因素和正交试验优化植物乳杆菌P158产细菌素的培养基和培养条件。结果表明,5种乳酸菌培养基中MRS培养基为该菌株产细菌素的适宜培养基;最佳培养条件为种子液接种量3%(V/V)、培养基初始pH 6.0、34℃静置培养42 h;最佳培养基配方为葡萄糖添加量2 g/100 mL、酵母浸膏添加量2 g/100 mL、大豆蛋白胨添加量1.5 g/100 mL、MgSO_4添加量0.058 g/100 mL、MnSO_4添加量0.025 g/100 mL、FeSO_4添加量0.02 g/100 mL、Tween 80添加量0.08 g/100 mL、乙酸钠添加量0.5 g/100 mL、K_2HPO_4添加量0.2 g/100 mL。在此条件下,细菌素效价为1 145 IU/mL,较优化前(362 IU/mL)提高了216%     

Enhancing the antilisterial effect of Lactobacillus curvatus CWBI-B28 in pork meat and cocultures by limiting bacteriocin degradation

This work focused on Listeria monocytogenes growth inhibition and growth rebound in raw and cooked pork meat inoculated with Lactobacillus curvatus strains. During storage of raw meat homogenates in the presence of the bacteriocin-producing strain Lactobacillus curvatus CWBI-B28wt, the Listeria monocytogenes cfu count was initially reduced to an undetectable level, but a growth rebound occurred after two weeks, coinciding with loss of 70% of the bacteriocin activity present at the end of week 2. The Listeria growth rebound was suppressed when proteolysis of bacteriocin was countered by the absence of proteases (bacteriocin addition to cooked meat) or the presence of 1% soy flour (added to provide competing substrates). Further experiments confirmed that bacteriocin is sensitive to the action of proteolytic enzymes isolated from both Lactobacillus curvatus CWBI-B28wt and the meat matrix. Bacteriocin proteolysis thus emerges as a cause of Listeria growth rebound.     

植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)8-6产细菌素发酵条件的优化

对植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)8-6产细菌素的发酵条件进行了优化,分别研究了培养时间、温度、接种量、培养基起始pH值、培养基碳源、氮源等因素对细菌素产生的影响,通过单因素水平试验和正交试验,确定产细菌素的最佳培养基组合和最佳发酵条件为葡萄糖3%,胰蛋白胨2%,蛋白胨1%,酵母膏1%,硫酸镁0.058%,吐温-80 0.2%,30℃培养24h,培养基起始pH值为6.5,接种量2%。乳杆菌8-6优化后效价为1825.56IU/mL,比优化前提高了373.15%。