浅谈石油钻杆损伤检测工艺的特点及应用

腐蚀疲劳与应力损伤足石油钻杆损坏的最主要原因,钻杆损伤检测可以有效地预防和减少钻具因失效而引起的质量事故。本文l喇述了石油钻杆损伤识别的关键问题,介绍了根据不同损伤结构原理采取超声波和电磁损伤定位定壁检测方法,通过实例验证了其对结构损伤诊断的有效性。     

油井管失效分析预测预防技术进展及发展方向

介绍了石油管材失效分析及预测预防工作发展概况,在石油管材失效分析预测预防程序与方法、钻具失效预测预防技术、套管和油管失效分预测预防技术进展等方面的主要技术进展,根据钻具和套管失效概况及原因分析,提出了研究思路与主要研究方向.     

检测螺纹锥度规的方法

在没有螺纹锥度规检定规程或校准规范的情况下,我们按照螺纹规检定规程检测螺纹锥度规.本人结合长期检测经验、现有的设备和锥度规制造数据,总结出一套螺纹锥度规校准方法,解决了石油钻具加工、检测中存在的难题.     

浅谈石油钻具的标准化使用与管理

石油钻井行业中,石油钻具(以下简称钻具)使用管理状况对钻井作业的成败至关重要。为了有效预防油气田勘探开发过程中由于钻具使用和管理不善导致的钻具失效等问题,搭建标准化智能钻具管理平台可实现人、机、物数据动态互联互通,提升钻具全生命周期标准化使用与管理水平。     

提高钻具维修质量的工艺措施

针对钻具在井下的工作环境越来越复杂,为延长钻具的使用寿命,降低钻井成本,在提高钻具的维修质量方面作了一些技术研究。研究成型刀车修螺纹技术,根据钻具螺纹各项技术参数,从成型刀的安装角度和安装位置入手,设计制造了成型刀具安装对刀样板,使其适合4Y1、4Y2、5Y3、4Y4及4Y5各种螺纹成型刀具的安装找正,提高车修螺纹质量;采用螺纹锥度检测仪,使钻具接头锥度检测数值化,保证检测的准确度。     

CAN总线在现场检测系统中的应用研究

CAN总线是一种主要用于各种现场检测和控制的现场总线网络,由于可靠性高、实时性好、成本较低,近年来已经广泛应用于各种工程检测与控制领域。在此介绍一种CAN总线在现场检测系统中应用的设计方案,并重点论述系统软硬件设计及通信协议的制定等方面内容。实际应用表明,系统通信在具有可靠性和稳定性之外,还有一定的扩展功能。     

建筑结构现场检测技术

建筑结构的现场检测,按结构、材料不同可分为混凝土和钢结构现场检测。通过对混凝土建筑结构、砌体结构及钢结构现场检测方法的总结、分析、评价,结合检测技术的现场应用,提出对结构现场检测技术的展望。     

酸性气田钻具常见失效形式

近些年来,随着酸性气田的不断勘探开发,钻具失效事故时有发生,阻碍了天然气的安全高效开发。在全面分析了酸性气田开发中存在的各种腐蚀环境后,对酸性气田中普遍存在的氧腐蚀、二氧化碳腐蚀和硫化氢腐蚀三种腐蚀失效机理进行了分析;并通过具体的酸性气田开发中出现的钻具失效案例,分析了钻具在氧气、二氧化碳和硫化氢三种不同的酸性腐蚀环境下的裂纹萌生与扩展特点以及失效形式;最后提出了预防钻具腐蚀失效的措施,对预防和减少酸性气田开发中钻具失效事故的发生具有指导意义。     

超声波测厚仪在石油钻具生产中的应用

钻具壁厚差是石油钻具生产的一项主要技术指标。我公司采用钻具壁厚差测试仪器:超声波测厚仪。超声波测厚仪是一种通用性无损检测仪器。在多年的实践操作中,我们注意到作为超声波测厚仪的现场使用,应注意以下几点:1.对超声波测厚仪的探头的选择我公司一般选用通用型标称频率为5MHz,接触面积Ф12mm双晶片结构探头,因为材料多为钢,超声波声速选在5900m/S。这类探头的基本结构包括晶片、阻尼块和保护膜三部分。探头采用压电效应原理进行电声转换,双晶片结构一个发射超声波,一个接受超声波,中间用隔声层隔开。这类探头灵敏度高,表面保护膜采用…     

石油企业计量设备的量传与溯源方案探讨

如何保证其计量准确度，包括减少量值传递与溯源过程中的准确度损失和确保检测数据的可靠性、如何应用计量质量保证方案保证计量检测质量便成为一个值得关注的中心课题。１石油企业计量检测设施的量传与溯源方案石油是重要的能源之一，若没有一个对计量检测设施的良好控制...     

利用超声波图像检测提取钻孔参数

利用超声波对钻成孔进行检测,可以直观地给出钻孔的垂直度、孔径等参数。但是,目前的超声波钻孔检测设备只能给出钻孔的观测图像,而要得到孔径和垂直度等参数,需要从回放的数据中读取（比如中科院东海研究站研制的UDM100Q钻孔检测仪）,或从打印输出的图纸上测量（比如进口的超声波钻孔检测仪）。通过对超声波成孔检测记录图用数字图像处理方法进行处理,提取出钻孔的孔壁线,并使其坐标映射到实际测量的坐标范围,从而能通过提取壁线的坐标计算出孔径、垂直度等参数。     

Microhole drilling through electrochemical processes: A review

Day-to-day interest is growing in the drilling of high aspect-ratio deep microholes in various hard-to-machine and newer materials. Besides cost-effectiveness in the manufacturing process, an accurate dimension with the good surface finish is essential for microhole drilling. The conventional methods encounter various problems such as residue stresses, heat generation near cutting zone, high tool-wear, etc. Electrochemical microdrilling (ECMD) is one of the cost-effective techniques, provide a better alternative in drilling microholes with reasonably accurate dimensions and good surface finish in various industrial applications especially in computer, electronic, and aerospace industries. This article reviews current researches and developments of electrochemical processes for circular microholes drilling. It highlights the effects of various key factors (such as the development of microtools, electrolyte, inter-electrode-gap monitoring and control, etc.) on the aspect-ratio and accuracy of circular microholes, produced by ECMD. For further research, it will open up various challenging opportunities, especially in the field of (i) development and handling of microtool electrodes, (ii) development and handling of electrolytes medium, (iii) development in monitoring and controlling techniques of inter-electrode-gap, and (iv) development in strategies for process control for drilling high quality, deep and high aspect-ratio circular microholes into hard-to-machine materials using ECMD.     

工程建设中理化检验实验室监督检查中的误区

针对不同监理人员在实际监理过程中对施工承包商实验室监督检查时出现的不同理解及误区进行了系统分析,提出了基本解决方法,并指出了如何针对不同实验室(如土建实验室、金属实验室以及一方检测实验室、二方检测实验室和第三方检测实验室)开展实验室的监督及管理工作。此种问题的解决,有利于工程建设的顺利进行,同时可规范监理人员的监理活动,提高监理效率。     

无损检测在木材应用中的现状及发展趋势

无损检测技术在木材检测中的地位日益重要,本文主要从应力波检测、超声波检测、X射线检测和机械应力检测四个方面介绍了无损检测在木材中的应用,阐述了其基本原理和特点,概述了发展历史和研究现状,并展望了未来研究方向及工作重点。     

Role of Fuzzy Approach towards Fault Detection for Distributed Components

Component-based software development is rapidly introducing numerous new paradigms and possibilities to deliver highly customized software in a distributed environment. Among other communication, teamwork, and coordination problems in global software development, the detection of faults is seen as the key challenge. Thus, there is a need to ensure the reliability of component-based applications requirements. Distributed device detection faults applied to tracked components from various sources and failed to keep track of all the large number of components from different locations. In this study, we propose an approach for fault detection from component-based systems requirements using the fuzzy logic approach and historical information during acceptance testing. This approach identified error-prone components selection for test case extraction and for prioritization of test cases to validate components in acceptance testing. For the evaluation, we used empirical study, and results depicted that the proposed approach significantly outperforms in component selection and acceptance testing. The comparison to the conventional procedures, i.e., requirement criteria, and communication coverage criteria without irrelevancy and redundancy successfully outperform other procedures. Consequently, the F-measures of the proposed approach define the accurate selection of components, and faults identification increases in components using the proposed approach were higher (i.e., more than 80 percent) than requirement criteria, and code coverage criteria procedures (i.e., less than 80 percent), respectively. Similarly, the rate of fault detection in the proposed approach increases, i.e., 92.80 compared to existing methods i.e., less than 80 percent. The proposed approach will provide a comprehensive guideline and roadmap for practitioners and researchers.     

Industrial leak testing of dangerous goods packagings

The Dangerous Goods Regulations currently do not include limit leakage rates or sensitivity requirements for industrial leak testing procedures that are equivalent to the bubble test, which is the prescribed test method for design type testing of dangerous goods packagings. During series production of such packagings, various methods are used, which often do not meet the requirements of the bubble test with regard to important criteria. Sensitivity, flow direction, pressure level and automatability are particularly important factors when selecting a suitable industrial leak testing method. The following methods are in principle both suitable and equally effective as the bubble test: pressure rise test (vacuum chamber), ultrasonic bubble leak detection and gas detection methods (pressure technique by accumulation and vacuum chamber technique). To ensure a uniform test level during design type testing and production line leak testing and therefore a comparable safety level as required by the Dangerous Goods Regulations, it is necessary to include a more precise specification in these regulations. This requires, on the one hand, information about the sensitivity of the bubble test and, on the other hand, the inclusion of a list of suitable, equally effective industrial test methods with their specific boundary conditions.     

电阻点焊质量检测技术研究现状

电阻点焊过程由于受到各种因素的影响,熔核区域容易出现裂纹、缩孔、未熔合等缺陷,焊点质量直接影响焊接部件的使用寿命,因此对焊点的缺陷检测与质量评定非常重要.对电阻点焊原理进行概述,总结了电阻点焊质量检测技术最新研究成果及应用,分析了焊接过程参数监控方法、焊后无损检测方法的检测机理、质量评定方法及其在实际应用中的优缺点,对...     

C/SiC复合材料的定量红外热波无损检测

在C/SiC复合材料板上钻直径和深度不同的盲孔,模拟材料表面下的孔洞缺陷。利用红外热波检测技术对C/SiC缺陷试样盲孔缺陷的孔径和深度做定量检测,并与X射线照相及CT检测结果相比较。结果表明：红外热波检测适合C/SiC复合材料内部缺陷的检测,可同时定量检测C/SiC复合材料中缺陷的大小和深度,并能弥补X射线照相及CT检测的不足。缺陷直径测量误差随着缺陷孔径的增大而减小,随着缺陷深度的增加而增大;缺陷深度测量误差随着缺陷孔径的增大而减小,但在一定范围内随着缺陷深度的增加而减小。红外热波检测C/SiC复合材料孔洞缺陷存在定量测量的下限。     

An Efficient Online Monitoring Method for High-Dimensional Data Streams

Monitoring high-dimensional data streams has become increasingly important for real-time detection of abnormal activities in many data-rich applications. We are interested in detecting an occurring event as soon as possible, but we do not know which subset of data streams is affected by the event. By connecting to the problem of detecting heterogenous mixtures, a new control chart is developed based on a powerful goodness-of-fit test of the local cumulative sum statistics from each data stream. Numerical results show that the proposed method is able to balance the detection of various fractions of affected streams, and generally outperforms existing methods. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头缺陷的超声检测方法研究综述

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊技术广泛运用于航空航天、汽车、船舶等制造领域,在国防工业的发展中扮演着重要角色,而超声波检测技术在对搅拌摩擦焊接头质量评估和控制方面起着不可或缺的作用。综述了铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头缺陷的超声检测方法。介绍了接头缺陷的复杂多样的特点,分别阐述了超声检测A信号分析,超声C扫检测和超声相控阵检测方法在搅拌摩擦焊缺陷检测的应用,并介绍了3种检测方法检测能力,明确了搅拌摩擦焊缺陷超声检测尚需解决的突出问题并展望了未来研究的发展方向。