Influence of silicon on the microstructures,mechanical properties and stretch-flangeability of dual phase steels

Uniaxial tension tests and hole-expansion tests were carried out to determine the influence of silicon on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and stretch-flangeability of conventional dual-phase steels. Compared to 0.03wt% silicon, the addition of 1.08wt% silicon induced the formation of finer ferrite grains （6.8μm ） and a higher carbon content of martensite （Cm≈ 0.32wt%）. AS the silicon level increased, the initial strain-hardening rate （n value） and the uniform elongation increased, whereas the yield strength, yield ratio, and stretch-flangeability decreased. The microstructures were observed after hole-expansion tests. The results showed that low carbon content martensite （Cm ≈ 0.19wt%） can easily deform in coordination with ferrite. The relationship between the mechanical properties and stretch-flangeability indicated that the steel with large post-uniform elongation has good stretch-flangeability due to a closer plastic incom- patibility of the ferrite and martensite phases, which can effectively delay the production and decohesion of microvoids.     

High temperature strength and ductility of the （C＋N） strengthening Fe-Cr-Mn（W, V） steels

Fe-Cr-Mn(W, V) austenite steels used as low radioactive structural materials in fusion reactor have been investigated. The resuits show that the high temperature strength and the creep fracture life of Fe-Cr-Mn(W, V) steels can be effectively improved through (C N) complex-strengthening, so can be the high temperature ductility. The strength and ductility of the steels are superior to that of SUS316 steels and JPCAS below 673 K. The relationship between strength, ductility and the formation temperature is related to the evolution of deformation microstructure. The fracture and microstructure observation above 673 K indicates that the main way to further improve ductility at high temperature is the control of carbide coarsening at the grain boundaries.     

Effect of microstructure on the low temperature toughness of high strength pipeline steels

Microstructure observations and drop-weight tear test were performed to study the microstructures and mechanical properties of two kinds of industrial X70 and two kinds of industrial X80 grade pipeline...     

齐平式端板连接组合节点温度场分布研究

通过有限元方法分析了平端板组合节点连接在升温过程中的温度场分布情况,总结了端板组合节点在高温下温度分布特性,并且结合理论方法给出了此类组合节点温度场实用计算公式,为组合节点抗火性能研究奠定基础。     

Carbon spheres prepared via solvent-thermal reaction method and their microstructures after high temperature treatment

Carbon spheres with size of 50–300 nm were synthesized via a solvent-thermal reaction with calcium carbide and chloroform as reactants in a sealed autoclave. The morphologies and microstructures of carbon spheres before and after high temperature treatment (HTT) were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The formation mechanism of carbon spheres was discussed. The results indicate that the carbon spheres convert to hollow polyhedron through HTT. Carbon spheres are composed of entangled and curve graphitic layers with short range order similar to cotton structure, and carbon polyhedron with dimension of 50–250 nm and shell thickness of 15–30 nm. The change of solid spheres to hollow polyhedron with branches gives a new evidence for formation mechanism of hollow carbon spheres.     

高温应力时效后T91钢组织与性能的演变

为研究电站高温金属部件在高温应力作用下显微组织老化损伤程度的演化规律,设计了高温应力时效老化试验,对供货态T91钢在不同温度不同应力条件下进行高温时效老化.用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、定量金相和显微硬度等试验方法研究组织性能变化.结果表明,T91经不同温度老化后的微观组织随着温度和应力的升高,回火马氏体位向特征分散,晶界和晶内沉淀相粒子尺寸粗化,沉淀相颗粒Feret直径从原始供货态0.200μm增加到0.435μm.在相同温度下应力对组织老化的影响明显,马氏体板条内位错密度降低,板条亚结构退化,马氏体板条特征逐渐消失.随着温度的提高硬度呈现加速下降变化趋势,硬度的下降与析出相颗粒尺寸的增加同步变化,且变化趋势相似.     

Investigation on the morphology of martensite in carbon steels

The effect of carbon content on the morphology of martensite in carbon steels has been studied in depth. It is found that not all the packet martensites obtained in carbon steels quenched from elevated temperature are lath martensite. The packet martensite obtained thus should be divided into two categories: packet thin plate martensite (i. e. lath martensite) and packet plate martensite. The former is only found in low carbon steels, the latter mainly in medium and high carbon steels. The morphology of martensite in steels with different carbon contents has been researched in detail using optical microscopy, SEM and TEM. A new criterion is proposed for identifying the category of martensite. Based on this new criterion, it is found that as-quenched steels withC _c⩽0.2% contains lath martensite; that with 0.2%<C _c<0.4% contains a mixture of lath and plate martensite. The structure of as-quenched steels withC _c⩾0.4% is completely of plate martensite. The curve of the relative volume percentage of martensite without internal twins versus carbon content has been redetermined. Finally, the misinterpretation of experimental results by previous investigators is analysed. Project supported by the Science and Technalogy Committee of Hunan Province Synopsis of the first author He Yuehui, professor, born in Sept., 1963, received Ph D degree in 1994, majoring in metallurgy of non-ferrous, powder metallurgy, heat treatment of metals, metal product, and intermetallic compounds, has published more than 100 scientific articles.     

银川市体感温度分析和预报方法的研究

分析了环境温度、风、辐射以及气候条件对人体温度感觉的影响，建立了银川市体感温度计算方法，该方法考虑了气候特征和着装变化对体感温度的影响，因此可供宁夏地区各市县气象台、站参考使用．另外，对同一时刻阳光下和遮蔽处体感温度的区分，可使预报结果更具有实用价值．     

氮对新型无镍高氮奥氏体不锈钢塑性流变行为的影响

利用Ludw igson模型研究了两种氮含量不同的无镍奥氏体不锈钢18Cr-12Mn-0.55N（质量分数/%）和18Cr-18Mn-0.63N在室温快速拉伸时的塑性流变行为.结果表明,由于N含量的增大,实验钢18Cr-18Mn-0.63N的加工硬化能力明显强于实验钢18Cr-12Mn-0.55N.N促进CrMnN奥氏体不锈钢中的短程有序,使位错在更高的应变水平进行单系滑移和平面滑移,推迟位错的多系滑移和交滑移,因而提高CrMnN奥氏体不锈钢的加工硬化能力.     

10CrMo910钢在高温高压水蒸汽中形成的氧化膜的特征分析

利用扫描电镜、电子探针和X射线衍射技术对某电厂高温高压水蒸汽工况下运行15万h的10CrMo910钢主蒸汽管形成的氧化膜进行形貌、结构、成分及物相分析,结果表明:氧化膜外表面形貌呈丘状或蘑菇云状,低倍下横断面呈石状,有明显分层,层间存在大量孔隙;内层氧化膜结构致密,外层氧化膜结构疏松,但无贯穿内、外氧化层的缝隙或孔洞链;氧化膜晶粒大多为纳米晶粒,少量为微米晶粒,部分晶粒之间存在较大尺寸的片状晶粒;在氧化膜横断面上,O、Fe的分布较为均匀;外层氧化膜中的Cr、Mo含量较低,且分布均匀;内层氧化膜中的Cr、Mo含量显著高于外层氧化膜,较外层氧化膜有一突变,且Cr、Mo分布存在浓度梯度,在靠近内层-外层氧化膜结合处,内层Cr、Mo含量最高,然后依次降低;Cr、Mo的分布特征与氧化膜的形成、元素扩散及其挥发有关;氧化膜产物为Fe3O4和FeCr2O4.     

Effects of low temperature on properties of structural steels

The experiments were carried out to measure the mechanical properties of three grades of structural steels (Q235A, 16Mn and Q390E steel ) at low temperature. It was shown that the strength of the steels increases while the plasticity and toughness decrease as temperature drops. In the transitional area the toughness drops rapidly with temperature. Among the three structural steels, Q390E steel has the best toughness and the lowest sensitivity.     

一种高压开关柜温度预测的改进方法

对一种Elman神经网络进行高压开关柜温度预测的方法进行改进,融合小波包分析的方法对温度样本进行硬阈值平滑优化,与Elman神经网络松耦合组成松散型小波神经网络进行超短期温度预测。仿真结果表明,改进方法相比单一的Elman神经网络有效预测比率提高,均方根误差下降,其结果与实测温度值更加吻合,提高了预测的准确率和精确程度。     

微合金化钢的动态再结晶及其显微组织的研究

应用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ－１５００热模拟试验机测定了微合金化钢在不同终轧温度下的真应力－－真应变曲线，研究了终轧温度及微合金元素含量对动态再结晶的影响，研究结果表明，Ｖ，Ｎｂ可显著抑制微合金化钢轧制过程中形变奥氏体的动态再结晶，因此，在较高的终轧温度下，仍能得到细小而均匀的显微组织。     

硫铝水泥和胶乳对水泥乳化沥青砂浆低温硬化性能的影响

通过分析水泥乳化沥青砂浆（CA砂浆）冬季低温病害的产生原因,研究了硫铝酸盐水泥、胶乳对CA砂浆低温凝结和灌注质量的影响。结果表明,低温导致CA砂浆超长缓凝,使体系稳定性变差,并引起泌水和揭板起皮等病害;掺入硫铝水泥能加快CA砂浆的低温凝结过程,随替代量增加,凝结时间逐渐缩短;随温度升高,胶乳水泥流态体系可搅拌时间呈降低趋势,选用低温稠化性能合适的的胶乳,可改善新拌CA砂浆的低温均匀稳定性;复掺10%硫铝水泥和8%胶乳的CA砂浆在24 h的强度和膨胀率符合要求,在实测0.5~7.7 ℃的低温环境中,揭板检查CA砂浆断面均匀、表面平整无起皮,符合上道要求。     

回火温度对高强度容器钢组织结构与性能的影响

通过回火试验,研究了回火温度对高强度容器钢组织结构与力学性能的影响。研究表明：在550～670℃范围内,随着回火温度升高,钢板抗拉强度和屈服强度先增大后减小,延伸率和冲击韧性先减小后增大,这源于索氏体组织和碳化物的共同作用。     

煅烧温度对高岭土性质的影响

对湖北某地红岩崖的块状沉积型高岭土矿石进行化学成分分析、物相分析以及热重分析,原矿中高岭石含量达90%以上.探索了煅烧温度对产品白度、pH值的影响,结果显示最佳的煅烧温度区间为875～950℃,煅烧后产品白度≥80%,100g/L的高岭土产品悬浊液pH≤7,产品高岭土组分为偏高岭石.根据实验结果设定950℃的煅烧温度在某有限公司生产线进行了连续7天稳定生产的工业试验,得到白度为（82±1）、pH值为（6.20±0.2）,质量稳定且符合国家工业标准的产品.     

环境温度对沥青混合料高温稳定性的影响

分别对基质沥青和改性沥青不同温度下的车辙试验结果进行分析,分析结果表明：环境温度对沥青混合料的高温稳定性有显著影响,特别是当路面温度达到沥青软化点附近时,沥青混合料的动稳定度将出现大幅度下降。因此,软化点是工程中选用沥青的重要指标;同时提高沥青软化点或降低沥青路面温度是提高沥青路面抗车辙性能的有效途径。     

Research on seasonal correlation of wavelet packet energy spectrum and temperature of Runyang Suspension Bridge

In order to establish an environmental-condition-normalized structural damage alarming method, the seasonal correlation analysis of wavelet packet energy spectrum (WPES) and temperature of Runyang Suspension Bridge is performed by means of the 236-day health monitoring data. The analysis results reveal that the measured WPES has remarkable seasonal correlation with the environmental temperature. The seasonal change of environmental temperature accounts for the variation of the damage alarming parameter I _p of the dominant frequency bands with an averaged variance of 200%. The statistical modeling technique using a 6th-order polynomial is adopted to formulate the correlation between the WPES and temperature, on the basis of which the abnormal changes of measured damage alarming parameter I _p are detected using the mean value control chart. It is found that the proposed method can effectively eliminate temperature complications from the time series of WPES and exhibit good capability for detecting the damage-induced 10% variances of the damage alarming parameter I _p . And the proposed WPES-based method is superior the modal frequency and hence is more suitable for online real-time damage alarming for long-span bridges. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50725828, 50808041) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK2008312)     

高温下混凝土施工应注意的问题

针对混凝土的搅拌、运输、浇筑、养护和质量检查，提出了炎热气候下混凝土施工应注意的一些问题。     

烧成温度和锆英石对轻骨料镁尖晶石材料性能和显微结构的影响

以方镁石-尖晶石微孔陶瓷骨料、电熔镁砂、电熔尖晶石、α—Al2O3微粉等为原料,制备含轻骨料镁尖晶石材料,研究了烧成温度和锆英石加入量对试样性能和显微结构的影响。结果表明,随着烧成温度的升高,试样的致密化程度逐步提高;试样强度先增大后减小,在1600℃时达到最大值。在1600℃热处理下,随着ω（ZrSiO4）的增加,试样的体积密度增大,显气孔率变小,试样力学强度在ω（ZrSiO4）为4％时达到最大值。ω（ZrSiO4）为4％的试样整体显微结构致密,固相直接结合程度提高;并且方镁石和尖晶石晶粒的晶粒尺寸粗大,晶粒发育比较完整。