硅树脂基复合材料的制备及耐热性能和弯曲强度

以氯硅烷为原料合成了一种新型的甲基苯基硅树脂,并制备了复合材料。通过热重分析、扫描电镜研究了复合材料的热性能和填料分布,分析了影响复合材料弯曲强度的可能因素。实验结果表明,复合材料的热稳定性优良,在N2气氛下升温至800℃时,热失重仅为4.4%;复合材料截面为连续相,填料在硅树脂中分散均匀,两者相容性较好;填料的添加量、硅树脂的苯基含量及凝胶化时间是材料弯曲强度的三个主要影响因素。     

超声波对硅树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料热性能的影响

采用超声波技术,原位插层聚合法制备了甲基苯基硅树脂/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料。X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)研究了复合材料内部结构以及超声波时间对蒙脱土分散性和复合材料热性能的影响。简单控制超声波时间15和30min,分别制备了不同OMMT质量分数的插层型和剥离型聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。加入OMMT,无论是插层型还是剥离型,复合材料的起始分解温度都有所下降,但热失重速率较平缓。插层型纳米复合材料耐热性能明显优于剥离型,温度500℃时,插层型热失重均小于纯硅树脂。当OMMT含量8%时,插层型PLS复合材料500℃的热失重均10%;而剥离型PLS复合材料500℃的热失重较大,超过15%。     

含亚苯基甲基苯基硅树脂的合成及表征

以甲基、苯基氯硅烷和1,4-二(羟基二甲基硅基)苯为原料,采用水解-缩聚法合成了主链含亚苯基的甲基苯基有机硅树脂,并对其结构和性能进行了研究。红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振(29Si NMR)分析表明,亚苯基被成功引入到硅树脂主链中。差式量热扫描(DSC)分析表明硅树脂为均聚物。热失重(TG)结果表明,在N2氛中,硅树脂在450℃失重约1%,优于普通甲基苯基硅树脂。硅树脂的清漆涂层在300℃下使用时,附着力、抗冲击、柔韧性能仍保持良好。电化学阻抗分析(EIS)结果表明,硅树脂的清漆涂层常温固化后、经300℃的高温烘烤后都具有优良的耐腐蚀性能。     

天线罩透波材料研究

主要进行了甲基硅树脂基透波材料介电性能研究,结果表明,采用甲基硅树脂做为透波材料基体研制的高性能透波复合材料介电性能优良,材料经800～1200℃高温处理后在电磁波频率为9.30GHz时测试的介电常数小于3.5、材料透波率高达90%以上,能够满足雷达天线罩在800～1200℃工作时对天线罩材料的电性能要求,是比较理想的耐高温高性能透波复合材料.     

聚氨酯/环氧树脂互穿网络半硬泡沫的热稳定性

制备了聚氨酯/环氧树脂互穿网络半硬泡沫,通过热重分析(TGA)研究了其热分解,计算了各分解阶段的热分解反应动力学参数。结果表明,氮气中,互穿聚合物网络(IPN)泡沫根据环氧树脂含量不同其分解过程有2~3个失重阶段,随着环氧含量增加,第一阶段的失重率减小,第二阶段的失重率增大。IPN泡沫在第一、二两阶段总的热失重率低于纯聚氨酯泡沫及纯环氧树脂。环氧树脂含量为30%(质量分数,下同)时泡沫的热稳定性最好。预测IPN半硬泡沫在100℃氮气中失重5%时的热老化寿命可达2.4E7年,表明IPN泡沫具有很好的热稳定性。     

短切碳纤维增强碳化硅复合材料的氧化性能研究

采用热压烧结法制备了致密的短切碳纤维增强碳化硅 (Csf/SiC) 复合材料.借助热重分析、XRD、SEM等手段对该材料等温氧化性能进行了研究.研究结果表明,该复合材料在900℃氧化时失重最为严重;之后,随着氧化温度升高,失重率逐渐减少;在1450℃以上则表现为增重.复合材料在低于900℃氧化时,主要是由于碳纤维氧化造成的失重;在900～1450℃氧化区间,复合材料表面的短切碳纤维被氧化,基体生成保护性的氧化膜,材料内部的短切碳纤维受到基体和氧化膜的有效保护,能够继续发挥增韧作用.因此,Csf/SiC复合材料在此温度范围内具有良好的抗氧化能力;当复合材料在1600℃氧化时,氧化反应剧烈,材料破坏严重,失去了抗氧化能力.     

SiO2 / 杉木粉复合材料的制备和表征

以人工林杉木粉为原料和正硅酸乙酯( TEOS) 为无机前驱体, 依据溶剂热法反应原理, 采用溶胶凝胶的方法制备了SiO₂ / 木材复合材料。通过红外光谱分析( FTIR) 、X射线衍射分析(XRD) 、热失重分析( TGA) 、扫描电子显微镜分析(SEM) 等方法, 研究了该复合材料的结构和性能。研究结果表明, 使用这种方法, 木材的增重率显著提高。木材中的羟基与正硅酸乙酯水解后的羟基发生了缩合反应, 体系中存在Si —O —C 交联网络, 微观上形成了纳米网络结构。木质纤维素的结晶被破坏, 结晶度从75. 37 %(纯木粉) 下降到37. 42 %(木材增重率为78 %的复合体系) 。交联网络的形成显著提高了该材料的耐热性能, 使失重10 %时的热分解温度从270 ℃(纯木粉) 提高到409 ℃。      

1800℃热处理对PIP法C/SiC复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM),研究氩气中1800℃热处理对先驱体浸渍-裂解(PIP)工艺制备三维编织C/SiC复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明:在1800℃热处理过程中,C/SiC复合材料的界面处发生了碳热还原反应和硅扩散,导致基体和纤维之间产生化学结合,纤维受到损伤;1800℃热处理后,PIP法C/SiC复合材料出现8%的失重率,力学性能急剧下降80%以上,断裂行为由韧性转变为脆性断裂。     

炭/炭复合材料磷酸盐涂层的抗氧化性能研究

为防止飞机刹车副用炭/炭(C/C)复合材料在刹车过程中氧化失效,研究了以磷酸、氧化硅和磷酸盐等为原料所制备的磷酸盐涂层的抗氧化性能,结果表明:涂覆有涂层的C/C复合材料在700 ℃氧化66 h后,其氧化失重率仅为1.11%;涂层试样在1 200 ℃氧化5 min后,失重率不超过0.8%;经900 ℃、3 min←→室温、2 min 100次热震后,涂层试件失重率为1.6%.涂层与基体结合牢固,一直保持完好,没有剥落,说明该涂料具有耐高温、热稳定性好等优点,适合作为C/C复合材料表面防氧化涂层.     

一种含马来酰亚胺苯并噁嗪的合成及性能

以4-氨基苯基马来酰亚胺、甲醛、苯酚为原料,采用两步法经中间产物三嗪(TMIPT)合成苯并噁嗪(MIPB),并借助红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)和元素分析(EA)等手段对产物MIPB进行了表征。通过差示扫描量热(DSC)、FT-IR和热重分析(TGA)对MIPB的热行为进行了研究,结果发现,MIPB化合物的熔点为113.3℃,相比于Ishida报道的MIB化合物147℃的熔点降低了33.7℃,MIPB在150℃的固化率大大增加,固化后的MIPB树脂5%热失重温度T5为348℃,10%热失重温度T10为368℃,800℃残炭率达到55.6%。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.