收视价值的迷失 高端人群在远离卫视 2008目睹中国电视之怪现状

近两个月来,本刊网站的论坛里又不太安静。有个叫"高清迷"的香港网友遭到了广东一些网友的质疑。彼此论战的焦点大部分在说香港电视好看或不好看。"高清迷"网友说大陆电视越来越好,水平已经超过香港的电视节目。广东网友们则是缅怀香港电视的辉煌历史。这原本是简单的我说你好你说我好,互相捧场的事情,但是网络的奇妙性在于事情并没有朝积极的方向发展,其结果是吵架不可避免的发生了。外来的和尚是不是会念经,我们先不去管他。重要的是我们要弄清楚自己是怎么回事。本文,是专业电视人对我国各省卫视台做的调查评估。让我们了解一下我国的电视台的现状吧。     

上海慕尼黑电子展暨同期展会见闻

2007年3月21日～23日的上海新国际博览中心是格外的热闹,超过2万名来自电子行业的专业观众汇聚与此.吸引他们来到这里的原因就是慕尼黑上海电子展,慕尼黑上海激光、光电展(LASER. World of Photonics China)、中国国际半导体设备、材料、生产和服务展览暨研讨会(SEMICON China),以及中国国际电子电路展览会(CPCA Show)四大电子业权威品牌展联合在此举行.     

ADSL服务

现在使用ADSL上宽带网的用户是越来越多了,对ADSL设备的维护也成了一个不容忽视的问题.只有维护保养好它,不但让你的"宽带之旅"省心又省力,还能延长其寿命.ADSL的维护可分为软件和硬件两个方面来分析,软件主要是PPPOE协议的问题,和计算机本身的气操作系统,和网卡方面的事情.硬件主要是局端的节点设备,和用户端猫的问题.还有通信的线路等一些因素.     

命题逻辑中代数学的影子

命题逻辑是一个以命题为基本研究对象的数学化的逻辑系统,命题逻辑是数理逻辑的基础,也是计算机科学与技术的理论基础.为了深入理解命题逻辑,将命题逻辑与一般的代数学进行比较,从6个方面简要总结和论述命题逻辑中代数学的一些思想和方法,使得读者能从中体会到代数学的一些思想和方法在命题逻辑中的应用.     

从跨国公司CEO扎堆访华说起

11月1日,似乎是个好日子!来自英特尔、EMC、思科的3位跨国公司CEO均选在这一天访华,并宣布其在中国市场大手笔的战略投入. 11月2日,来自全球最大显卡芯片厂商NVIDIA公司的联合创始人、总裁兼CEO黄仁勋借访华之际,在清华大学美术学院报告厅进行了"GPU--还原一个真世界"的演讲.     

不一样的热插拔(hot swap)控制器

引言 热插拔(hot swapping)的定义是从一块正在通电运作中的背板(backplane)上插入或移除电路板.这项技术被广泛应用在电信服务器(telecom servers)、USB界面、火线(firewire)界面和 CompactPCI应用等[参考1].这种技术可在维持系统背板的电压下,更换发生故障的电路板,而同时系统中其它正常的电路板仍可保持运作.     

FEW-NNN: A Fuzzy Entropy Weighted Natural Nearest Neighbor Method for Flow-Based Network Traffic Attack Detection

Attacks such as APT usually hide communication data in massive legitimate network traffic, and mining structurally complex and latent relationships among flow-based network traffic to detect attacks has become the focus of many initiatives. Effectively analyzing massive network security data with high dimensions for suspicious flow diagnosis is a huge challenge. In addition, the uneven distribution of network traffic does not fully reflect the differences of class sample features, resulting in the low accuracy of attack detection. To solve these problems, a novel approach called the fuzzy entropy weighted natural nearest neighbor(FEW-NNN) method is proposed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of flowbased network traffic attack detection. First, the FEW-NNN method uses the Fisher score and deep graph feature learning algorithm to remove unimportant features and reduce the data dimension. Then, according to the proposed natural nearest neighbor searching algorithm(NNN_Searching), the density of data points, each class center and the smallest enclosing sphere radius are determined correspondingly. Finally, a fuzzy entropy weighted KNN classification method based on affinity is proposed, which mainly includes the following three steps: 1、 the feature weights of samples are calculated based on fuzzy entropy values, 2、 the fuzzy memberships of samples are determined based on affinity among samples, and 3、 K-neighbors are selected according to the class-conditional weighted Euclidean distance, the fuzzy membership value of the testing sample is calculated based on the membership of k-neighbors, and then all testing samples are classified according to the fuzzy membership value of the samples belonging to each class;that is, the attack type is determined. The method has been applied to the problem of attack detection and validated based on the famous KDD99 and CICIDS-2017 datasets. From the experimental results shown in this paper, it is observed that the FEW-NNN method improves the accuracy and efficiency of flow-based network traffic attack detection.     

追日

去年10月一个温暖的早晨,在澳大利亚内陆深处,14名麻省理工学院的学生和校友上午6点就爬出了他们的睡袋,准备车队,进行又一天的艰苦驾驶,在护卫队的护送下,他们驶过一段平坦、笔直、炎热、灰尘弥漫的道路.领头的车辆迎着其他车流,形成了一个缓冲带,一辆货车断后以监测整个队伍的进程.     

Design of Diode Type Un-Cooled Infrared Focal Plane Array Readout Circuit

The diode infrared focal plane array uses the silicon diodes as a sensitive device for infrared signal measurement. By the infrared radiation, the infrared focal plane can produces small voltage signals. For the traditional readout circuit structures are designed to process current signals, they cannot be applied to it. In this paper,a new readout circuit for the diode un-cooled infrared focal plane array is developed. The principle of detector array signal readout and small signal amplification is given in detail. The readout circuit is designed and simulated by using the Central Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (CSMC) 0.5 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (CMOS) technology library. Cadence Spectre simulation results show that the scheme can be applied to the CMOS readout integrated circuit (ROIC) with a larger array, such as 320×240 size array.     

产业化新年迈出第一步龙芯3000万欲卖5年产销权

2007年的元旦前,业界对商品化"中国芯"的最后一丝担忧得到了舒缓. 12月27日,神州龙芯集成电路设计有限公司对外公布,中科院计算所已选择与欧洲最大的半导体公司意法半导体,将就龙芯2E的生产和销售展开合作.双方合作细节至今未见披露,但知情人士向透露,双方已经达成初步意向,即意法半导体将出资3000万元购买龙芯2E处理器5年产销权,在此期间,这家法国公司每销售一枚处理器将向北京神州龙芯公司提交2美元的专利许可费.中科院计算所所长李国杰向证实,正式确认合作的时刻将等到今年3月,届时双方将齐聚人民大会堂公布合作详情.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

避免MOS管在测试时受EOS损坏的方法

由于MOS管是浅结系列产品,极有可能在测试时遭到静电击穿或过压过流而损坏。文中主要介绍MOS管在测试过程中,会造成实际测试时器件加上了允许的最大电压、电流或功率而导致器件损坏的情况。例如,在测试过程中电源连接不良,测试片与器件接触不良,管脚接错,在测试程序中未设置正确的电压和电流钳位或DUT板损坏等。然后,针对此类现象的发生,提出了在测试过程中应采取的相应措施,从而有效地保证产品质量。     

Design and nonlinearity compensation of Fabry-Perot type tunable optical filters for dynamic strain sensing systems

The collected spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating （FBG） and the loss of the detected optical power are discussed with respect to the 3-dB bandwidth of a Fabry-Perot （F-P） type tunable optical filter （TOF）, respectively. And the optimized parameters of the TOF are obtained consequently. It is demonstrated that the relationship between the transmission wave- length of the TOF and its drive voltage is nonlinear. A new method to compensate the nonlinearity of the TOF is proposed. The linear sweeping of the transmission wavelength of the TOF is achieved through modifying the drive voltage using interpolation algorithm. It is observed that the average error and the maximum error of the transmission wavelength are reduced sharply under linear fit. The dynamic strain sensing is realized by use of a reference FBG and moving averaging algorithm in this system.     

一种改善LED背光亮度均匀性的新型反射膜研究

在LCD的LED背光腔体的底面设计了新型曲面形状及性能的反光膜,将扩散膜反射回灯腔底部的光重新反射回出光口以改善亮度均匀性能;在侧面设计了镜面反射膜,将位于LED矩阵边缘区域由LED射向灯腔侧壁的光反射重新射向出光口,增加了LED背光边缘区域的亮度,从而改善了背光边缘区域较暗的亮度不均匀状况.根据此类反射膜的设计完成了反射膜的制备,并应用于38 cm LED背光源样品.测试结果显示,设置反射膜的LED背光的亮度均匀性值为10.2%,明显优于未设置反射膜的值16.8%,亮度提高了29%左右,表明该种新型反射膜可以提高亮度并改善亮度均匀性.     

圆球微腔对水蒸汽的敏感特性仿真实验研究

研究了圆球微腔在水蒸汽传感中应用的可行性。通过测试在有/无水蒸汽的气室环境下,圆球微腔透射光谱的变化来对气室水蒸汽浓度情况进行传感测试。仿真实验结果显示:在有无水蒸汽干扰的条件下系统输出光强有明显的变化,即研制基于圆球微腔的传感器是可行的。     

位屏蔽多叉树搜索射频识别防碰撞算法

针对RFID树型防碰撞算法中时隙数多、数据通行量大等问题,提出了一种改进的多叉树防碰撞算法,阅读器准确检测碰撞位并向标签反馈碰撞位信息,标签对阅读器已知的ID位进行屏蔽,把ID号转换成连续碰撞的序列号.阅读器利用屏蔽位信息和标签返回的碰撞位编码信息,对标签进行分层分类搜索.通过对标签ID进行屏蔽,阅读器和标签间仅发送对方不知道的碰撞位信息.该算法减少了碰撞时隙和识别时隙,避免了空闲时隙,减少了阅读器和标签间的数据通信量.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法减少了系统的时隙总数和数据通信量,提高了阅读器的识别效率.     

Characteristics of gradually doped LWIR diodes by hydrogenation

The hydrogenation effects on HgCdTe diode performance are presented and the mechanism of hydrogenation is revealed. By the hydrogenation, R₀A is increased by 30 times and photo-response is also improved. It is supposed that these are explained by the increased minority carrier lifetime by the hydrogenation. However, it is found from LBIC measurements that the minority carrier lifetime doesn’t increase by the hydrogenation. An important clue that explains the hydrogenation effects is found from Hall measurements. It is found that, after the hydrogenation, the doping concentration of Hg-vacancy doped substrate decreases and the mobility increases. For the heavily hydrogenated bulk substrate, it is also found that the hydrogen passivates the whole Hg-vacancy and reveals the residual impurity and p-type doping concentration is exponentially graded. From these measurements, the diffusion current model of gradually doped diode is proposed. This model shows that the diffusion current of the graded junction diode is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of the abrupt junction diode, which clearly explains the R₀A increase by the hydrogenation. Medicisimulation to investigate the change of LBIC signal by the doping grading also coincides with the measurements. From these measurements and model, the hydrogenation effects are attributed to the grading of Hg-vacancy doped p-type substrate by the diffused hydrogen.