以风险分析为基础完善食品安全标准体系

一、风险分析的概念和内涵 1.风险分析概念的提出和发展风险分析最早应用于环境危害控制领导。1991年,FAO/WHO食品标准、化学品及贸易会议通过了“在食品安全评价时继续以适当的科学原则为基础并进行风险评估”的决议,第19届CAC会议采纳了此决议。 1995、1997、1999,FAO/WHO三次召开了主题为“风险分析在食品标准中的应用”     

新书简介

作者:罗祎定价:46.00元出版日期:2012-11食品安全风险分析是食品安全控制和制定食品安全标准的基础,已经为世界许多国家和组织所采用,也是我国面对食品安全形势的内在需求及参与国际食品贸易的必然选择。《食品安全风险分析化学危害评估》一书对食品安全风险分析的三个方面:风险评估、风险管理和风险交流进行了深入系统的阐述。     

“进出口食品安全风险控制技术研究”通过专家组验收

近日,国家“十五”重大专项“食品安全关键技术研究”的“进出口食品安全风险控制技术研究”课题在北京通过专家组验收。这项成果填补了我国进出口食品安全风险分析领域的空白,标志着我国食品安全风险分析正从理论研究阶段进入实践应用阶段,进出口食品检验与监管工作步入更加科学化、规范化和标准化管理的新阶段。“进出口食品安全风险控制技术研究”是在国际各国争相建立、施行、完善风险分析的基础上结合我国实际情况提出的。其基本目的就是在我国建立起食品安全的风险分析体系,最大限度地打破国外贸易技术壁垒,为管理者提供科学的决策依…     

国外食品安全保障措施借鉴

日本引进"风险分析"概念日本现行《食品安全基本法》规定了国家和地方公共团体以及食品业界的责任和义务,并提出应积极发挥消费者的作用。根据该法,日本内阁府设立了食品安全委员会,引进了"风险分析"的概念,委员会在评价食品对健康的影响时,会对食品中影响健康的物质进行定量和定性,并根据这一物质的摄取量,推测消费者健康受到损害的程度。     

日本食品安全监管体系

<正> 1 日本传统的食品安全管理体系在日本传统的食品安全监管体系中,食品安全政府主管部门为厚生劳动省、农林水产省以及刚刚成立的消费者厅。以往日本传统的食品监管理念中对于风险分析是被动式开展,政府、行业、业者、消费者缺乏充分的信息交流和沟通,政府的风险分析工作也缺乏     

加拿大重大食品安全危机的处理与食品召回综述

2006年10月30日至11月24日，国家质检总局食品生产监管司、进出口食品安全局、中国标准化研究院、中国检验检疫科学研究院一行6人，参加了在加拿大渥太华举办为期4周的关于“重大食品安全危机的处理、食品召回和营养标签、风险分析”的培训。以下重点介绍食品安全紧急事件处理与食品召回的培训情况以及对我国的启示。     

食品安全微生物风险分析的原则和应用

食品安全风险分析是当前国际社会普遍应用的食品安全宏观管理模式,也是进行食品安全宏观管理的有效工具。风险分析最早应用于环境危害控制领域。1991年,FAO/WHO食品标准、化学品及贸易会议通过了“在食品安全评价时继续以适当的科学原则为基础并进行风险评估”的决议,第19届CAC会议采纳了此决议。1995、1997、1999,FAO/WHO三次召开了主题为“风险     

日本食品监管体系中的认证概念

一、日本传统的食品安全管理体系在日本传统的食品安全监管体系中,食品安全的政府主管部门为厚生劳动省、农林水产省以及刚刚成立的消费者厅。以往,日本传统的食品监管理念对于风险分析是被动式开展的,政府、行业、消费者     

日本进口加工食品自主管理指导方针

按照日本的食品安全管理理念,食品安全管理是依靠全社会共同参与,共担责任,协调管理,而且强调自律和诚信。各个食品安全相关方都被赋予了相关责任。首先,日本要求国家食品安全风险分析机构和监管机构实施风险分析,制定食品安全法律法规和年度监控指导计划,对进口食品实施监控检查或处罚,组织信息交流和普及食品安全知识。要求食品相关业者遵守食品卫生法,负起食品安全的第一责任,掌握和提高食品生产加工等技术,实施自主检查。消费者则被要求学习掌握必要的食品安全知识。由此,在日本形成了政府、业者、消费者共同管理、责任共担的食品安全管理机制。     

食品接触材料安全性现状和发展趋势

一、前言 食品接触材料、容器与食品安全密切相关,国家在食品安全市场准入制度中规定只有合格的原材料、食品添加剂、包装材料和容器才能生产出符合质量安全要求的食品,因此食品接触材料、容器的安全性是食品安全的重要组成部分。     

A Grid as Smart as the Internet

A new era of electricity is dawning that combines the decarbonization of the grid with the extensive electrification of all sectors of society. A grid as smart as the internet is needed to harness the full potential of renewables, accommodate technology disruptions, embrace the rise of prosumers, and seamlessly integrate nano-, mini-, and micro-grids. The internet is built upon a layered architecture that facilitates technology innovations, and its intelligence is distributed throughout a hierarchy of networks. Fundamental differences between data flows and power flows are examined. The current operating paradigm of the grid is based on the conviction that a centralized grid operator is necessary to maintain instantaneous power balance on the grid. A new distributed paradigm can be realized by distributing this responsibility to sub-grids and requiring each sub-grid to maintain its net power balance. A grid as smart as the internet based on this new paradigm, as well as a hierarchical network structure and a layered architecture of operating principles, is presented.     

A 'green' chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite as a heterogeneous as well as micro-heterogeneous catalyst

In this paper, we report on the catalytic activity of a new metal nanoparticle-polymer composite consisting of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and environmentally friendly ('green') chitosan. The polymer (chitosan) not only acted as the reducing agent for the metal ions, but also stabilized the product NPs by anchoring them. The majority of the particles produced in this way had sizes less than 5?nm. The catalytic activity of the composite was investigated photometrically by monitoring the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4NP) in the presence of excess NaBH(4) in water, under both heterogeneous and micro-heterogeneous conditions. The reaction was first order with respect to the concentration of 4NP. We also observed that the apparent rate constant, k(app), for the reaction was linearly dependent on the amount of Ag NPs present in the composite. Moreover, the turn-over frequency (TOF) of the catalyst was found to be (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10(-3)?s(-1), when the reaction was carried out under heterogeneous conditions. The Ag NPs in the composite retained their catalytic activities even after using them for ten cycles. Our observations also suggest that the catalytic efficiency under micro-heterogeneous conditions is much higher than under heterogeneous conditions. Thus the composite we have represents an ideal case of an environmentally friendly and stable catalyst, which works under heterogeneous as well as micro-heterogeneous conditions with the advantage of nanoscopic particles as the catalyst.     

Mission success with components not as good as new

It is shown how the probability of mission success can be determined for cases of components which are not as good as new at the beginning of a mission and are not repaired during the mission. After a short definition of the appropriate conditional distribution functions of components lives, a few typical examples of plausible missions for redundant systems are discussed. Among these are such that are time-critical or—concerning flights—space-critical. Since only (advanced) probabilistic reasoning is used, there are no limitations as to the types of life distributions.     

凝胶成型法制备多孔羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷及其性能研究

介绍了一种新型的凝胶成型法来制备多孔羟基磷灰石支架材料.利用体视显微镜等对制备的多孔羟基磷灰石孔洞结构进行观察.结果表明这种方法可以很好地控制多孔支架材料的孔洞结构与大小.孔分布均匀且内部连通,孔径在300μm～500μm之间.体外模拟试验表明羟基磷灰石具有良好的生物相容性,这种孔洞结构的特点更有利于骨细胞的生长.对压缩性能和孔隙率的测定结果表明,压缩强度和孔隙率随不同工艺参数的变化而变化.     

Designer as chameleon

The roles adopted by a design engineer during a design project are examined. The case for ‘role switching’ is presented, and the different roles are described where some relate to particular phases of the design process and others are more general. Situations likely to cause ‘role overload’ are explored for single and multiple projects, and the paper demonstrates that the complexity of the design process is wholly misrepresented by the common ‘drawing office image’.