表面改性活性炭对CO2的吸附性能

研究了用Ｈ２Ｏ２，ＨＮＯ３加醋酸铜溶液进行表面改性后的活性炭对ＣＯ２的吸附性能，分析了改性前后的活性炭的表面化学性质，测定了２７３Ｋ下的吸附等温线，用Ｄ－Ａ方程对吸附等温线进行了很好的拟合，探讨了表面改性对活性炭表面化学性质的影响及其表面化党性民吸附性能之间的关系。     

活性炭向生物活性炭转化过程中溴酸盐的控制

为了比较活性炭与生物活性炭对溴酸盐的去除效果,采用水厂中试模型试验考察了活性炭表面的生物量及溴酸盐去除率的变化.结果表明:新鲜活性炭对溴酸盐的去除率为57.1%,在活性炭向生物活性炭转化的过程中,随着活性炭表面生物量的增加,炭柱对溴酸盐的去除效果逐渐提高.经过8个月的中试模型连续运行,溴酸盐的去除率提高至75.4%,成熟生物活性炭对溴酸盐的去除效果稳定,从而证明生物活性炭比活性炭更有利于溴酸盐的去除.     

活性炭表面改性及其苯酚吸附性能研究

采用稀硝酸氧化和氮气气氛高温处理两种方法对市售活性炭进行表面改性,采用比表面分析仪、红外吸收光谱和Boehm滴定对改性前后活性炭进行表征,并测定活性炭对苯酚的吸附等温线,探讨影响活性炭对苯酚吸附能力的因素。结果表明：表面改性不仅增加了活性炭的比表面积和孔容,还改变了其表面化学性质。活性炭表面化学性质对苯酚吸附能力有着更重要影响,随着活性炭表面酸性官能团的增加,活性炭对苯酚吸附能力下降;酸性官能团数量减少,吸附能力增加。     

微波再生对颗粒活性炭吸附性能的影响

采用正交试验,研究了颗粒活性炭(GAC)微波再生的最佳条件,考察了再生后GAC的孔径与表面官能团的变化.以十二烷基苯磺酸钠和腐植酸为吸附质,对比了GAC再生前后的吸附效果.结果表明:再生影响因素依次为微波功率、微波时间、载气速率,最佳条件为微波功率730,W,微波时间180,s,载气速率0.54,L/min;随着再生次数的增加,碘值减小,亚甲基蓝值增加;以N2为载气,再生后GAC的碱性官能团数量增多.再生GAC对有机物的吸附容量减少.     

温度对活性炭纤维吸附气体中醋酸丁酯的影响

通过对试验结果的分析,讨论了空塔速度和气体中醋酸丁酯浓度不变时,温度变化对活性炭纤维吸附气体中醋酸丁酯的影响。     

活性炭吸附水中六价铬机理及影响因素

重金属因其潜在的生物毒性和高污染风险给水源地水质安全与城市饮用水安全保障带来严重威胁。活性炭吸附法去除水中重金属离子较其他方法具有高效性、化学污泥减量化、低温适应能力强、可实现重金属回收等优点而得到广泛应用。本文以六价铬为典型污染物,分析其化学特性及毒理学性质,阐述活性炭吸附水中Cr（Ⅵ）的表面接触还原作用、表面结合作用和表面沉积作用等主要吸附机理,并对pH值、离子强度、活性炭表面积及孔径分布、表面官能团特性、腐植酸类物质对活性炭吸附水中Cr（VI）效能的影响进行探讨。     

改性活性炭对苯酚的吸附研究

研究初始浓度,温度,pH值对氨水改性后活性炭吸附苯酚效果的影响.随着苯酚初始浓度的增加,对苯酚的吸附量也相应增加;温度会影响吸附效果,当温度从20℃增加到45℃,相同条件下,苯酚的吸附量有所下降;微酸性有利于吸附,pH值为6左右时,活性炭对苯酚的吸附效果最佳.     

浊质对活性炭吸附性能的影响

本文以动态实验和辅助测试为基础,探讨浊度对活性炭吸附性能影响的实质,并对活性炭滤柱的过滤吸附作用进行了分析研究,从而得出沉淀池出水在一定条件下可直接进入活性炭滤池的结论。     

活性炭纤维间歇吸附系统表面扩散模型与孔扩散模型的比较

比较了活性炭纤维间歇系统当吸附等温方程为Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ型时表面扩散模型与孔扩散模型，获得了两模型扩散系数可相互转换的条件，分析了用间歇吸附实验研究溶质在活性炭纤维内扩散机理的可行性，同时给出当吸附等温方程为矩型时两模型的解析解。通过实验验证了部分结论。     

柚子皮活性炭对刚果红吸附性能试验

采用氯化锌浸渍法制备柚子皮活性炭,研究了该活性炭对染料废水中刚果红的吸附性能。结果表明：在pH＝11时,吸附效果最好;投加量越大,单位质量活性炭对刚果红的吸附量越小;吸附量随溶液初始浓度的升高而增加;刚果红的吸附在90 min内基本可以达到平衡,柚子皮活性炭对刚果红的吸附是物理性质的、自发的;等温吸附可采用Langmuir等温模型拟合且相关性显著;动力学吸附过程很好地遵循准二级动力学模型,刚果红在柚子皮活性炭孔隙中的扩散不是唯一的速率控制步骤,可能有多个步骤共同控制该吸附过程。     

Bromate removal by activated carbon adsorption:material selection and impact factors study

Studies are conducted by using activated carbon process aimed at bromate removal from the raw water.Screening of activated carbon for bromate removal was performed in different activated carbons.GAC Merck possesses the highest iodine number and surface area,the highest number of basic groups and Vmeso,thereby contains the highest adsorption velocity and adsorption capacity.Impact factors of bromate removal on activated carbon were studied.Through static absorption experiments we studied the effect of adsorption time,pH,temperature,anions and organic matter on bromate removal.With the decrease of pH,removal of bromate enhanced,suggests that it may be possible to increase bromate reduction through pH control.The increase of temperature will be favorable to adsorption of bromate on activated carbon.Anions and organic matter can inhibit the adsorption of bromate on activated carbon through competing active sites.Bromate removal can be improved by controlling key water quality parameters.     

Effect of surface modification of activated carbon on its adsorption capacity for NH3

To investigate the effects of carbon surface characteristics on NH3 adsorption, coal-based and coconut shell activated carbons were modified by treatment with oxidants. The surface properties of the carbons were characterized by low temperature nitrogen sorption, by Boehm's titrations and by XPS techniques. NH3 adsorption isotherms of the original and the modified carbons were determined. The results show that the carbons were oxidized by HNO3 and (NH4)2S2O8, and that there was an increase in oxygen containing functional groups on the surface. However, the pore-size distribution of the coal-based carbons was changed after KMnO4 treatment. It was found that the NH3 adsorption capacity of the modified carbons was enhanced and that the most pronounced enhancement results from (NH4)2S2O8 oxidation. Under our experimental conditions, the capacity is positively corrected to the number of surface functional groups containing oxygen, and to the number of micro-pores. Furthermore, an empirical model of the relationship between NH3 adsorption and multiple factors on the carbon surface was fit using a complex regression method.     

A simplified adsorption model for water vapor adsorption on activated carbon

A simplified model was developed to describe the water vapor adsorption on activated carbon. The development of the simplified model was started from the original model proposed by DO and his co-workers. Two different kinds of carbon materials were prepared for water vapor adsorption, and the adsorption experiments were conducted at different temperatures（20-50 °C） and relative humidities（5%-99%） to test the model. It is shown that the amount of adsorbed water vapor in micropore decreases with the temperature increasing, and the water molecules form larger water clusters around the functional group as the temperature is up to a higher value. The simplified model describes reasonably well for all the experimental data. According to the fitted values, the parameters of simplified model were represented by the temperature and then the model was used to calculate the water vapor adsorption amount at 25 °C and 35 °C. The results show that the model can get relatively accurate values to calculate the water vapor adsorption on activated carbon.     

活性炭吸附丙酮及其脱附规律的实验研究

为认识吸附剂物质脱附规律,实验测试了在不同真空度、温度、吸附入口浓度和不同脱附初始浓度下活性炭C40／4对丙酮吸附及脱附的性能曲线,实验得出：吸附性能曲线斜率受进口浓度、操作压力的影响;脱附性能曲线斜率受脱附出口初始与脱附平衡浓度差、操作压力的影响;而温度、床层高度、吸附空塔速度只是让穿透曲线左右平移;脱附时真空度越大,脱附气体浓度越大,但脱附速度相应变小;在真空下脱附的脱附柱的出口浓度达到初始脱附浓度的一半时,脱附速度大大减缓,并且由于吸附剂微孔内的毛细管现象作用,在低于0．06～0．07MPa时,脱附出口浓度开始出现较长时间的反弹和维持,然后才缓慢下降;各种因素所引起的操作温度变化不大,对吸附和脱附的速度影响不大。     

煤基活性炭比表面积表征研究

为了建立适用于不同类型及孔结构煤基活性炭比表面积的科学计算方法,用物理吸附分析法对宁夏煤基活性炭比表面进行表征,通过研究Langmuir比表面积和BET比表面积理论模型,探讨了两种比表面积表征结果的特点和原因．结果表明,同一材料的Langmuir比表面积大于BET比表面积,本质上是由于依据Langmuir方程得到的单层吸附量大于依据BET理论所求得的单层吸附量．     

磁性活性炭的制备及其吸附性能

为改善粉末活性炭的可分离性,采用化学共沉淀法制备新型磁性活性炭,以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物配制染料废水,对粉末态磁性活性炭对目标污染物的处理效能进行探讨,并与粉末活性炭处理效果进行对比,考察p H、接触时间以及污染物质量浓度对其处理效能的影响.结果表明:合成的粉末态磁性活性炭吸附能力高于粉末活性炭,p H为影响其处理效能的关键因素,偏碱性的p H和适宜的接触时间有利于污染物的去除.当亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、磁性活性炭投量为0.4 g/L、p H为9、反应时间为300 min时,亚甲基蓝的去除率达98.9%.亚甲基蓝在磁性活性炭上的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线和Elovich动力学模型,热力学分析表明,该吸附过程为自发进行的单分子层吸热反应,且以化学吸附为主.该磁性活性炭具有很好的分离性能,在自然重力沉降条件下10 min内沉淀完全,而在外强磁场作用下30 s内可实现快速分离.     

化学混凝与活性炭吸附联用处理水源水研究

化学混凝法和活性炭吸附是水处理的常用工艺,其中化学混凝法效率较低,活性炭吸附成本较高,然而这两种工艺联用是否经济有效并不清楚.本研究探讨了粒状/粉末活性炭吸附、化学混凝法、混凝-活性炭吸附3种工艺处理大明山水源水的效率和成本.结果表明：在各工艺的最优条件下,混凝-粉末活性炭工艺的效率最高,其最优条件是不调节原水pH （pH=6.35～6.69）,三氯化铁（40 mg/L）混凝,0.2 mg/mL粉末活性炭吸附.经此工艺处理后原水的色度（35度～37度）降为1.5度, 浊度（4NTU～6 NTU）降为0.5 NTU,COD（19 mg/L～22 mg/L）降为4.5 mg/L,去除率分别达到95.7％,91.6％,79.4％,已达到生活饮用水标准,并且此工艺成本仅相当于单纯粉末活性炭工艺的37.2％.综上,选择混凝-粉末活性炭工艺处理南宁大明山水源水在技术和经济上具有可行性.