机织模袋混凝土配合比试验研究

本文介绍了大洼三角洲平原水库机织模袋护坡工程的原材料及混凝土配合比室内外试验研究成果，尤其是机织模袋混凝土抗冻性能以及粉煤灰掺量方面进行较深入的试验研究成果。     

新型材料──织物模袋混凝土介绍

新型材料──织物模袋混凝土介绍黄润松（广东省水利电力厅）机织上工布（锦纶等）模袋泵灌混凝土（简称模袋混凝土）。模袋是以锦纶等织物制成的袋装材料，代替浇注混凝土的模板。机织土工模袋是双层织物４层结构，上下层起模板作用，中间的２层接不同的厚度，而混织不同...     

机织模袋混凝土在防渗护坡中的应用

文章介绍了沈阳市浑蒲灌区总干渠机织模袋混凝土防渗护坡工程的设计、施工、质量控制与检测及运行跟踪观测 ,为机织模袋混凝土新技术积累了经验。     

机织模袋混凝土护坡新技术

机织模袋混凝土护坡(以下简称模袋护坡)是近年来出现的护坡新技术。因其具有施工方便、快捷,成型后整体性好,抗冲刷能力强等优点而倍受建设、设计和施工单位的青睐。现将该项技术作一介绍。1　模袋护坡原理和模袋产品1.1　模袋混凝土护坡原理模袋混凝土护坡就是以机织土工模袋作柔性模板,利用混凝土输送泵浆细石混凝土压入模袋,形成具有一定厚度,一定平面尺寸的混凝土单元,若干单元通过模袋布联结成整体,从而达到护坡的功能。1.2　模袋产品模袋属于土工合成材料,它是用高强化纤长丝,经机织而成的双层袋状织物。模袋上下2层之间,沿纵横2个方…     

平原水库土坝护坡结构型式分析及工程设计参数

对比分析了几种护坡结构的优缺点、适用条件和功效指标,提出了北方地区平原水库护坡优选的两种结构形式,即机织模袋混凝土和链锁混凝土板,并通过室内外试验及工程应用,得出了平原水库机织模袋混凝土护坡工程设计参数。     

模袋混凝土技术在水口库区防护工程中的应用

模袋混凝土是用高强机织土工模袋布缝制成袋，在其中充灌混凝土（或砂浆）而成型的一种新型的混凝土防护技术，我院首次将该技术应用于水口库区防护工程，模袋混凝土可采用水下施工，无需模板，抗冲刷性能强，施工机械化，质量有保证等优点，适合在水利工程中推广应用。     

机织化纤模袋混凝土在严寒地区护岸的应用效果

机织化纤模袋混凝土在严寒、软基地区护岸的效果十分显著     

模袋混凝土在嫩江白沙滩险工中的应用

文章介绍嫩江右岸白沙滩险工中机织土工模袋混凝土的配合比设计及施工工艺。     

控导工程铰链式模袋混凝土沉排

铰链式模袋混凝土沉排是使用新型机织化纤作模板，内充具有一定流动度的混凝土或砂浆，在灌浆压力的作用下．混凝土或砂浆中多余的水分从模袋内排出，形成高密度、高强度的固结体，以适应沙质河床的冲刷变形，提高工程的安全性，从而减少河道护岸工程出险机率。该项目工艺先进，施工不复杂，质量要求严格，机械化施程度高。控导工程铰链式模袋混凝土沉排     

机织模袋混凝土护坡技术在兰溪泉湖片堤防加固工程中的应用

用高强机织土工模袋布缝制成模袋,并在其中充灌混凝土（或砂浆）而成型的模袋混凝土是一种、新型的防护用混凝土。模袋混凝土护坡、护岸（护底）技术在兰溪泉湖片堤防加固工程中得到了成功的应用。对该项技术的实施程序及应注意的问题作了介绍。     

机织模袋在嫩江堤防中的应用

本文通过嫩江堤防工程的施工实例，详细介绍了机织模袋从设计到施工的整个过程及特点，以期机织模依的推广应用。     

Membrane Process Design for the Reduction of Wastewater Color of the Mazandaran Pulp-Paper Industry, Iran

The aim of this study is evaluate the use of membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment Mazandaran pulp and paper Industry. The qualification of wastewater is case study and Characteristics of this industry wastewater were determined by different experiments such as: COD, BOD, Color, densitometry, viscometry and TG/DTA analyzer. Also, the color creating agents in the investigated wastewater was characterized. Then In this study, flux, retention, and permeate quality of various Nanofiltration and low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes were investigated at two temperatures and by using a low shear (DSS Labstak M20®) and a high shear (CR250/2) filter. The overall aim was to study the suitability of Nanofiltration in purification of the discharge water from external activated sludge processes in the pulp and paper industry for reuse in the paper manufacturing process and to compare the results to Nanofiltration of paper machine process waters. The discharge waters were nanofiltered at a higher flux than paper machine process waters. The permeate was almost free of color and organic compounds but contained significantly more inorganic compounds than the permeate from the filtration of process waters. To successfully remove monovalent anions and inorganic carbon from the discharge water a low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane such as the TFC ULP membrane is needed. With that membrane the permeate flux is lower than for Nanofiltration membranes but the permeate quality is significantly better when considering inorganic ions such as sodium, chloride, nitrate and inorganic carbon (bicarbonate). The permeate flux was two times higher in the high shear filter than in the low shear filter but the retentions were significantly lower. The result of this study: decrease pollutants parameter in Tajan Rivers that is effluent because attention to surface water quality has limited in Iran.     

Water circuit closure with membrane technology in the pulp and paper industry.

In this study, membrane filtration as an internal purification method, "the kidney", in the pulp and paper industry is discussed. Membrane filtration is economically competitive and a very versatile process. It can be used to remove the enriched organic and/or inorganic loads either partially or totally from, for example, the mechanical pulping and paper making water circuits and it can be applied to various points within the process. With the so-called shear enhanced membrane modules very high fluxes, in ultrafiltration about 400 L/(m2h) and in nanofiltration fluxes almost 200 L/(m2h), have been obtained. Depending on the membrane, suspended solids (microfiltration), polysaccharides, extractives and high molar mass lignous substances (ultrafiltration) and multivalent salts (nanofiltration) can be removed. Ultrafiltration permeate can well be used in paper machine showers to replace fresh water. The quality of the nanofiltration permeate is significantly higher than that of ultrafiltration. The membrane processes can be enhanced by various pre-treatment techniques to produce higher permeate fluxes and to eliminate membrane fouling. Such pre-treatment methods are, e.g., chemical treatment, ozonation and biological treatment. The most cost-effective processes were chemical flocculation, pH adjustment and thermophilic aerobic biological treatment.     

Application of ultrafiltration in the pulp and paper industry: metals removal and whitewater reuse.

In the pulp and paper industry, the water use minimization is a constant target. One way to reduce water use is to recycle the effluent in a closed-cycle concept. In paper mills, the main source of liquid effluent is the so-called whitewater, which is the excess water, originated from pulp stock dewatering and other fibre contaminated water. This research studied the reuse of paper mill whitewater after membrane ultrafiltration (UF) in the paper machine and in the pulp bleach plant of an integrated mill. Contaminant removal and flux behaviour of the UF system were evaluated. The treatment by ultrafiltration was technically feasible and the treated whitewater had good potential to be reused in some processes in the paper machine. The reuse of ultrafiltered whitewater in the bleaching plant was not recommended because of the high level of soluble calcium present in this stream. Therefore, a combined treatment of the whitewater using the principle of precipitation and ultrafiltration was proposed showing good results and enabling the use of the treated whitewater in the bleach plant.     

某年产50万t合成氨工程捞渣机的设计及分析

介绍了造气装置用捞渣机的结构组成,阐述了该装置的运行工艺,给出了捞渣机容积、捞渣机链条张力、电动机功率的设计计算方法,对其技术特点进行了总结。     

Organic and detergent degradation in combined O3/UF for domestic laundry wastewater reclamation.

This paper focuses on the evaluation of organic and detergent degradation in a combined Ozone/UF system for domestic laundry wastewater reclamation. Formation of by-product was investigated by GC/MS for the reclaimed water. Ozone was injected into the raw wastewater in a 10 L contact tank and the wastewater was circulated through the membrane module for inner pressurized cross-flow filtration. The concentrate was returned back to the contact tank. The membrane used in this experiment was hollow fiber polysulfone UF membrane with MWCO 10,000. It has an effective filtration area of 0.06 m2. The experiment was carried out with intermittent ozone injection, 5 min injection and 10 min idling. Ozone was dosed at the concentration of 1.5 mg/L. The flux of the UF could be maintained at 0.24 m/d under filtration pressure 40-45 kPa and water temperature, 20-22 degrees C. The organic removal efficiency by the system was 90% in terms of COD. Ozone was considerably effective to degrade organics in the wastewater. Molecular weight of organics in the raw waste was mostly greater than 10,000 (72% of 950 mgCOD/L). However 86% of effluent COD (94-100 mg/L) was composed of organics smaller than MWCO 500 by ozone injection. No harmful by-products by ozone contact were detected from the analysis of treated water using GC/MS. It was identified that residual organics in the treated water were 1,1'-Oxybisbenzene, Octadecanoic acid, Squalene and Benzenmethanol, etc., which were additives contained originally in the detergent. Consequently the reclaimed water quality could be estimated safe enough to recycle for the rinsing cycle in a washing machine.     

基于小波核函数和支持向量机的大坝变形预测

支持向量机中核函数的选择对大坝监控模型预测精度具有较大影响。基于支持向量机结构风险最小化以及小波框架理论,提出用小波核函数代替高斯径向基核函数(RBF),并采用粒子群算法对支持向量机的参数进行寻优,得到一种新的大坝变形预测模型。针对某实际工程,基于监测数据,将该模型与采用RBF核函数的支持向量机模型以及统计回归模型做对比,结果显示采用小波核函数的支持向量机模型模拟精度更高,泛化能力更强。     

固液冲蚀部件表面波纹状磨损形貌的成因探讨

在固液两相流中工作的水力机械，经过一段时间的运行后，常发现原来光滑平整的材料表面出现不同发展形态的、类似波纹或鱼鳞坑的磨损形貌。国内外学者针对材料表面冲击波纹的形成机理及发展规律开展了一定的研究，本文系统介绍了这些研究结果，并根据多年的工程和试验研究结果，综合分析和研究部件表面流场的流动形态、磨粒性质和材料微观组织结构两大因素对表面磨损波纹形成过程的影响作用，探讨了固液两相流磨损条件下水力机械表面冲击波纹形貌的形成机理。     

人工免疫算法优化双支持向量机在拱坝变形预测中的应用

为了能够通过监测数据直观反映出坝体是否处于稳定运行状态,采用人工免疫算法优化的双支持向量机方法,对高拱坝变形数据进行了拟合预测分析,双支持向量机与标准支持向量机相比极大地提高了计算速度,在进行批量重复计算中计算效率明显提升。针对双支持向量机计算结果受参数影响较大且参数多的问题,引入人工免疫算法搜寻双支持向量机参数,人工免疫算法在遗传算法的基础上保留了一定数量的较优解,提升了算法的搜索效率。工程算例分析表明,参数对双支持向量机结果影响较大,通过人工免疫算法搜寻最优参数后,双支持向量机能够较好地拟合拱坝坝体变形数据,预测结果符合工程精度要求,最大误差仅为1 mm左右。     

水利工程国内外施工机械台时费对比分析

水利工程施工机械台时费的计算是工程造价的基础,也是合理确定工程投资的重要依据,进口施工机械对保证水利工程建设进度和质量以及提高投资效益发挥着重要的作用。分析了国外施工机械台时费的构成和计算方法,并与进口施工机械台时费计算方法进行了对比;针对二者在台时费的构成、分项与调整等方面存在的差异,提出了将资金成本列入进口施工机械台时费中,体现了资金成本对台时费有较为明显的影响,可为合理确定进口施工机械台时费提供参考。