分流制排水系统中组合式初雨调蓄池的设计与优化

分流制排水系统雨水径流排湖对水体生态环境的破坏日益严重,建设调蓄池截流污染较重的初期雨水逐渐受到重视和应用。结合武汉某初期雨水调蓄池设计实例,介绍了分流制系统中调蓄池有效容积计算方法、组合式初雨调蓄池布置形式。通过优化冲洗系统、巡视通道及采光井的设计改善了调蓄池后期运维中的节能效果及便捷性,可为分流制排水系统中初雨调蓄池的设计提供参考。     

浅谈调蓄池在天津市初期雨水污染治理中的应用

调蓄池是控制初期雨水污染的重要设施之一。参考国内外调蓄池应用研究,结合天津市排水系统现状及初期雨水污染情况,提出先锋河和新开河调蓄池设计方案,并进行效益分析。在先锋河及新开河下修建2座调蓄池,初期实现25 mm降雨径流的截流,总体截流78%的年均径流量,雨水溢流污染物削减率约为90%,在削减污染物排河量及提高城市防汛能力方面发挥重要作用。     

基于SWMM的工业园区初期雨水截流调蓄池设计功效研究

随着工业园区数量的增加,园区内各类污染负荷汇集到径流雨水中,对周边水体造成严重污染,需采取措施进行治理。以湖北省荆州市某工业园区为研究对象,建立SWMM模型,围绕研究区域概化、模型参数确定和率定等方面验证模型的可靠性。根据园区地理位置建立初期雨水截流调蓄池概化模型,选用智能一体化截流提升井收集初期雨水;采用湖北省沙市暴雨强度公式和芝加哥雨型,合成不同重现期下的设计降雨过程线,并计算不同重现期下的初期雨水截流调蓄池容积。研究结果表明,各重现期下初期雨水截流效率均达到了40%以上,说明初期雨水截流调蓄池功效良好。     

初期雨水水质水量在线监测系统优化及初步应用

以苏州河沿岸修建了调蓄池的合流制和分流制两个排水系统为研究对象,构建了自动化水质水量在线监测及远程控制系统。针对该系统在运行过程中存在的不足,从进水单元、监测指标、分析仪表、采样模式、系统安全、统计分析等方面进行了优化,并扩展运用到污水输送干线调蓄池所在系统。优化的初期雨水水质、水量在线监测系统在排水系统背景水质、降雨初期径流水质、降雨径流过程监测及初雨调蓄减排环境效应统计等方面均得到了较好的应用效果。     

基于MIKE+水质模型的径流污染控制研究

以南昌市前湖水系为研究对象,根据片区规划设计情况构建基于MIKE+平台的区域管网、河网、汇水区及水质模型,模型中包含了初期雨水截流管道、智能截流井、调蓄池等径流污染控制措施。采用污染物累积/冲刷模型,分析了单次降雨的径流污染情况。对智能截流井的3种控制方式进行了对比分析,并讨论了截流系统对径流污染的控制效果。模拟结果表明,径流污染具有明显的初期效应。智能截流井根据调蓄池水位进行控制时,既能发挥调蓄池的全部能力,又能较好地保证初期雨水不被稀释。截流系统对河道水质具有一定的保护作用,不同污染物的控制效果与其冲刷特性关系密切。     

基于管网水力模型的雨水调蓄池运行效率评估

初期雨水调蓄池是合流制溢流污染控制的主要措施.结合合肥市杏花排水系统调蓄池工程的初步设计,以InfoWorks CS排水管网水力模型为工具,探讨合理的调蓄池设计与运行参数,分析不同截流倍数与调蓄规模下溢流控制设施的长期运行效果.结果表明,该排水系统调蓄池合理的最高蓄满水位和开闸水位均为8.5 m;在现状2倍截流倍数下,调蓄池宜采用4～5 mm径流深度的容积;在有限范围内增加截流倍数对溢流污染削减效果的提高作用不显著;综合考虑系统运行效果和实际应用的可操作性,推荐采用2倍截流倍数和较大的调蓄容积来达到溢流控制目标.     

连续时序降雨量法在雨水调蓄池设计中的应用

针对雨水调蓄池有效容积的传统计算方法存在的不足,提出了一种基于连续时序降雨量的新计算方法,该方法以区域实际降雨情况为依据,通过对调蓄池周期性工作过程的模拟,确定调蓄池降雨截流率拟合曲线及模拟方程,并根据雨水截流率目标确定调蓄池的容积。将该方法应用于昆明市主城区东南片两座雨水调蓄池的设计中,结果表明,由该方法确定的调蓄池有效容积能够达到相关去除效果的要求。     

上海市成都路雨水调蓄池的设计和运行效能分析

上海市成都路雨水调蓄池的主要作用是截流储存成都路服务区的初期雨水,以减少泵站的雨天排江水量和排江负荷.详细介绍了调蓄池容积的计算方法以及调蓄池池体、池底和进出水系统的设计方法.提出了调蓄池的合理运行模式,对2007年调蓄池汛期运行效能进行了分析,阐述了影响调蓄池效能的关键因素,并就其发挥更大效能提出了合理化建议.     

浅谈雨水调蓄池的设计方法

邯郸市某公园内雨水调蓄池的主要作用是截流储存该服务区的初期雨水,以减少泵站的雨天排河水量和排河负荷。论文详细介绍了调蓄池容积的计算方法以及调蓄池池体、池底和进出水系统的设计方法。     

合肥市塘西河上游初期雨水污染治理工程实践

如何根据城市降雨规律进行初期雨水调蓄工程标准的选择,严重影响着初期雨水调蓄处理工程的设计及运行,对工程环境效益的发挥也有着重要意义.通过对合肥市20年的降雨资料及塘西河上游初期雨水水质监测分析,结合现状区域情况及已建设施,提出塘西河上游初期雨水污染解决措施,根据相关计算及标准的比选,确定合适的初期雨水截流标准及调蓄处理能力,可为相关工程提供一定的参考.     

初期雨水调蓄池在城市排水系统中的应用

随着对生态环境的重视,很多城市已经对初期雨水进行了控制,在建设雨水泵房的同时设置初期雨水调蓄池,可减少初期雨水直接排河造成的污染。结合上海某泵站的建设实例,介绍了城市排水系统中初期雨水调蓄池的布置形式、容积计算、冲洗方式、运行模式等,对今后同类项目初期雨水调蓄池的应用具有借鉴意义。     

合肥市清一冲、清二冲初期雨水径流污染控制方案

合肥市中心城区初期雨水径流污染问题突出,已成为影响地表水环境质量的主要因素之一。在排水系统末端设置调蓄池,可经济有效地控制初期雨水径流污染,降低面源污染对受纳水体水质的影响。以合肥市清一冲、清二冲初期雨水调蓄池设计为例,从设计规模、总体布置形式、进出水设计、冲洗系统设计和除臭设计等5个方面对调蓄池的工艺设计进行阐述,并对调蓄池运行模式和工程设计特点进行分析介绍,旨在为同类初期雨水调蓄池的设计和运行管理提供参考。     

An evaluation of the benefits of source control measures at the regional scale

Source control measures include rainwater tanks, infiltration trenches, grassed swales, detention basins and constructed wetlands that can be used in housing allotments and subdivisions. A methodology for evaluating the regional economic benefits due to implementation of source control measures is presented and illustrated for two case studies in the Lower Hunter and Central Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia. It is demonstrated that use of rainwater tanks to supplement mains water supply for toilet, hot water and outdoor uses can very significantly reduce demand on mains water supply. Reductions in regional water demand will enable deferment of water supply headworks augmentation, while reductions in peak mains water demand will extend the life of water supply distribution infrastructure. In addition, substantial reduction of stormwater discharge from allotments can be realised. For the Lower Hunter region with an urban population of about 450,000 it is shown that construction of new water supply headworks infrastructure can be delayed by up to 34 years. Compared with the traditional provision of mains water and stormwater disposal, the use of rainwater tanks along with other source control measures can produce present worth savings to the Lower Hunter region conservatively estimated to be up to $67 million. Similar results were found for the Central Coast region.     

城市的蓄水囊--滞留池和储水池在美国园林设计中的应用

滞留池和储水池作为雨水控制结构,几乎用于美国的每一个新建项目中.阐述了滞留池、扩展型滞留池和储水池的特点、用途和设计结构.并通过实例说明滞留池尺寸的基本计算方法.在实践中,风景园林师通过湿地植物配置,可以将这种雨水控制结构与园林设计相结合,创造出雨水湿地.介绍了雨水湿地的种类、特点和植物选择.     

特立尼达和多巴哥西班牙港国家艺术中心雨水系统设计

在特立尼达和多巴哥西班牙港国家艺术中心室外雨水系统的设计中,根据当地排水部门的要求,项目建成前后的基地雨水排放不能增加市政排放系统的流量,为此根据当地暴雨强度公式,对比了项目建成前后的雨水排放量,通过设置雨水调节池的方式调蓄了洪峰径流量,并就如何确定调节池的容积进行了探讨.     

美国景观设计中雨水管理的艺术

自然界通过蒸发、渗透、径流的共同作用来完成对雨水的管理.美国雨水管理理论认为雨水管理应该模拟自然界的雨水管理过程,根据暴雨的发生率、质量、频率、持续时间和暴雨量等进行分流设计.雨水管理的过程包括收集、截留传送和容纳.每个过程通过艺术化的雨水设计,使雨水管理设施不再是简单的排水设施,而是具有多种价值、多种功能、多种属性的福利设施和娱乐设施.结合2个实例介绍了美国雨水管理和雨水艺术设计的理论,为我国雨水管理实践提供借鉴.     

水质调蓄池在分流、合流制排水系统中的应用

在水质型缺水的城市,设置水质调蓄池,可以减少雨水或合流污水排放至河道的量;在降雨历时较短、降雨总量较小时,还可以做到雨水或合流污水对河道的零排放,从而减小排入水体的污染物总量。结合上海市大定海排水系统工程设计实例,介绍了水质调蓄池在分流、合流制排水系统中的作用、有效容积计算、定性和定量地分析截污效果。最后介绍了水质调蓄池运行模式。     

Roof-harvested rainwater for potable purposes: Application of solar collector disinfection (SOCO-DIS)

The efficiency of solar disinfection (SODIS), recommended by the World Health Organization, has been determined for rainwater disinfection, and potential benefits and limitations discussed. The limitations of SODIS have now been overcome by the use of solar collector disinfection (SOCO-DIS), for potential use of rainwater as a small-scale potable water supply, especially in developing countries. Rainwater samples collected from the underground storage tanks of a rooftop rainwater harvesting (RWH) system were exposed to different conditions of sunlight radiation in 2-L polyethylene terephthalate bottles in a solar collector with rectangular base and reflective open wings. Total and fecal coliforms were used, together with Escherichia coli and heterotrophic plate counts, as basic microbial and indicator organisms of water quality for disinfection efficiency evaluation. In the SOCO-DIS system, disinfection improved by 20–30% compared with the SODIS system, and rainwater was fully disinfected even under moderate weather conditions, due to the effects of concentrated sunlight radiation and the synergistic effects of thermal and optical inactivation. The SOCO-DIS system was optimized based on the collector configuration and the reflective base: an inclined position led to an increased disinfection efficiency of 10–15%. Microbial inactivation increased by 10–20% simply by reducing the initial pH value of the rainwater to 5. High turbidities also affected the SOCO-DIS system; the disinfection efficiency decreased by 10–15%, which indicated that rainwater needed to be filtered before treatment. The problem of microbial regrowth was significantly reduced in the SOCO-DIS system compared with the SODIS system because of residual sunlight effects. Only total coliform regrowth was detected at higher turbidities. The SOCO-DIS system was ineffective only under poor weather conditions, when longer exposure times or other practical means of reducing the pH were required for the treatment of stored rainwater for potable purposes.     

Assessing integrated water management options for urban developments – Canberra case study

Urban water services in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) are currently provided through conventional centralised systems, involving large-scale water distribution, wastewater collection, water and wastewater treatment. A study was conducted to assist Environment ACT in setting broad policies for future water services in Canberra. The current paper presents the outcomes of a study examining the effects of various water servicing options on water resources and the environment, for two townships in Canberra, one existing and one greenfield site. Three modelling tools were used to predict the effects of various alternative water servicing scenarios, including demand management options, rainwater tanks, greywater use, on-site detention tanks, gross pollutant traps, swales and ponds. The results show that potable water reductions are best achieved by demand management tools or a combination of greywater and rainwater use for existing suburbs, while third pipe systems are preferred for greenfield sites. For this specific climatic region and end use demands, modelling predicted increased water savings from raintanks compared to greywater systems alone, with raintanks providing the additional benefit of reduced peak stormwater flows at the allotment scale. Rainwater and stormwater reuse from stormwater ponds within the catchments was found to provide the highest reduction in nutrient discharge from the case study areas. Environment ACT amended planning controls to facilitate installation of raintanks and greywater systems, and commenced a Government funded rebate scheme for raintanks as a result of this study.     

基于低影响开发的城市园林绿地雨水管理系统新常态

针对传统城市绿地规划中着眼于景观化和服务游人功能化,城市雨洪、水污染却被忽略的问题,将LID(低影响开发)应用于城市绿地规划中,改变现状,建设海绵城市。LID技术是能够快速实现城市雨水的收集、净化和再利用的生态技术体系,是一种通过对源头进行分散控制的雨水管理实践形式。基于LID技术,分别将雨水源头控制、雨水过滤处理以及雨水的储存再利用同植物群落截留、透水铺装与绿色停车场、雨水花园和调蓄池等绿地规划的方法和技术相结合,形成以LID 为技术支撑,以园林设计方法为依托,能够接近自然水文循环的城市绿地雨水管理系统新常态。