生物铁法处理维生素B1生产废水

生物铁法是一种新型的强化活性污泥工艺,处理高浓度、难生物降解维生素B1生产废水具有很大的优势.当进水COD维持在8 000 mg/L时,对COD的去除率可达94%以上,比普通活性污泥法高9.7%;当进水NH3-N维持在420 mg/L时,对NH3-N的去除率为59.7%,比普通活性污泥法高18.4%;部分颗粒化的生物铁污泥沉降效果好,能保证系统有较高浓度的回流污泥,从而提高了曝气池的污泥浓度.     

高盐度气田废水处理试验研究

以某污水厂好氧污泥为接种污泥,半软性纤维填料为载体,采用逐步提高盐度和有机负荷的方法对生物膜进行耐盐性和高有机负荷驯化。结果表明：经过一段时间驯化所得异养生物膜能够适应高盐度和高有机负荷的环境;生物膜对环境盐度变化的适应性有一定的波动;生物膜对有机物的降解能力随系统有机负荷增大而降低,连续进水、出水不回流且流量为0.292 L/h,HRT为24 h条件下,COD去除率最后保持在65％左右;COD去除率达到65％的时间与系统有机负荷呈线性正相关,相关系数为0.9112;驯化所得耐盐微生物对温度和酸碱度不太敏感,最佳生长温度为23℃,pH值为7～8。     

污水处理中CASS工艺活性污泥培养与驯化

通过重庆市大渡口污水处理厂工程,重点介绍了工程调试中活性污泥培养与驯化的情况。实践表明,采用接种法培养驯化活性污泥20d就能完成污泥培养驯化,COD、BOD、SS的去除率分别为77.8%～88.3%、88.4%～95.9%、83.1%～92.1%,各项出水水质指标达到或优于设计目标。最后对培养驯化过程中出现的泡沫、进水BOD低营养源不足、滗水后期有微弱曝气和污泥回流、排泥等问题提出了相应的解决措施。     

高盐度废水的生物除磷特性研究

利用批量试验研究了未驯化和驯化后的污泥在不同盐度下的除磷特性.结果表明,未驯化污泥在受到盐度冲击时,其厌氧释磷和好氧吸磷过程会受到明显的抑制,在高盐度冲击下,甚至会出现除磷能力完全丧失的现象;通过一段时间的驯化,污泥可以适应一定的盐度环境,驯化污泥对盐度较高的废水具有较好的除磷效果;当受到盐度冲击时,盐度的突然增加会对耐盐聚磷菌产生明显的抑制作用.     

PFS对处理DMF废水的活性污泥有机毒性的影响

以处理N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的序批式好氧活性污泥系统为研究对象,污泥经200 mg/L的DMF模拟废水驯化后,向系统中分别投加40和80 mg/L的聚合硫酸铁(PFS),考察PFS对污泥有机毒性的影响。结果表明,PFS对活性污泥系统的处理效能有一定的促进作用,投加PFS后出水COD浓度可降低50%左右,同时污泥毒性也可降低30%左右;与投加40 mg/L的PFS相比,投加80 mg/L的PFS时出水COD浓度要低20%左右,但污泥毒性略高。     

城市污水处理厂活性污泥系统仙女虫的产生与防治

针对某城市污水处理厂活性污泥系统中产生的仙女虫进行防治对策研究.由于仙女虫的吞噬作用使得活性污泥的絮体结构遭到破坏,造成二沉池表面出现浮泥,出水悬浮物浓度高达116 mg/L,生物反应池内污泥浓度大幅降低,对COD、氮和磷的去除效率下降.采用排除二沉池表面的浮泥、减小污泥龄、降低曝气池中的溶解氧浓度和添加初沉池污泥等措施后,仙女虫消失,污泥浓度逐渐增加到2 252 mg/L,出水SS降低至20 mg/L以下,系统恢复正常.通过投加初沉池污泥以提高有机负荷是防治仙女虫的有效途径.     

盐度阶段性提升驯化耐盐活性污泥技术研究

取盐度(污水中NaCl的质量分数)为0%的活性污泥进行驯化培养,按照质量分数为1%、2%、3%的梯度逐渐提升盐度,考察了盐度阶段性提升对活性污泥去除效果的影响,为深入研究高盐废水脱氮提供数据支撑。试验结果表明,NO_2~--N和NO_3~--N的出水浓度受盐度提升的影响较大,当盐度为3%时,NO_2~--N和NO_3~--N的出水浓度分别为50mg/L和4mg/L左右。COD受盐度提升放入影响较小,NH4+-N的去除率在盐度提升初期波动较大,待系统稳定后,NH_4~+-N的去除率依然稳定在90%以上。     

微电解/曝气生物流化床工艺处理高盐废水的研究

采用微电解/曝气生物流化床(ABFT)组合工艺处理高盐化工废水,考察高盐条件下ABFT系统内污泥浓度和生物群落的变化以及对COD和NH_4~+ -N的去除效果。试验结果表明,高盐(盐度为2%)化工废水经预处理后,40 d可完成ABFT系统的生物驯化培养,污泥中耐盐生物菌群数量增多,出水COD和NH_4~+ -N分别稳定在300和15 mg/L以下,对COD和NH_4~+ -N的去除率分别为81. 5%和92%。     

餐厨废水强化EGSB反应器处理焦化废水的启动

为确定餐厨废水强化EGSB反应器处理焦化废水的快速启动和污泥颗粒化可行性,对驯化阶段的挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、产甲烷活性和污泥颗粒化程度(SGR)等指标进行分析。结果表明,在初始有机负荷为1.76 kg COD/(m~3·d)、中温条件下,采用逐步提高有机负荷和投加少量餐厨废水的方式可以加速反应器的启动,EGSB经过69 d即成功启动,容积负荷可达2.66 kg COD/(m~3·d),对COD的去除率为34%;焦化废水对颗粒污泥活性的毒性抑制作用是可逆的,随着微生物逐渐适应焦化废水,产甲烷菌的活性得到部分恢复;成熟颗粒污泥以小粒径颗粒污泥居多,SGR由接种颗粒污泥的91.12%降为86.63%。     

果糖废水生物处理及中水回用工程

果糖废水具有pH值波动大、COD浓度高、波动大等特点。某食品企业产生的3 000m3/d果糖废水采用EGSB-活性污泥工艺处理,其中厌氧经历了驯化污泥、提高负荷及满负荷运行三个阶段成功启动,EGSB反应器负荷达到21 kgCOD/(m3·d)左右。活性污泥工艺在EGSB提高负荷阶段开始启动并随EGSB启动也随之稳定。生物处理启动后,出水部分进入中水回用系统,经过半个月的运行调节,回用系统出水水质达到回用要求。当系统稳定后,对COD、BOD5和SS去除率分别为98.5%、99.6%、96.5%,出水水质均达到或优于《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准;而进入中水回用处理系统经深度处理后,COD浓度<50 mg/L,SS去除率达到100%,实现回用。运行费用合计为1.81元/m3,经济效益较好。     

A/O除磷工艺丝状菌污泥膨胀的研究

丝状菌污泥膨胀是影响活性污泥法高效、稳定运行的重要因素。采用A/O生物除磷工艺中试装置处理实际生活污水,分析了污泥膨胀发生的原因及恢复系统性能的方法。结果显示,长期曝气不均匀是导致丝状菌污泥膨胀的重要原因,通过调控系统运行参数可以有效控制由低DO值或者高负荷引起的丝状菌污泥膨胀。当发生污泥膨胀后,首先降低负荷至0.45 kgCOD/(kgMLSS.d),调节回流比为83%,同时控制好氧池各段的DO分别为1.5、1.0、1.0 mg/L以淘汰丝状菌,在SVI值降至200 mL/g以下后继续降低回流比至53%,同时降低曝气量以形成1.0、0.5、0.5 mg/L的DO浓度梯度。采取上述调控措施后,SVI值由569.8 mL/g降至150 mL/g以下,污泥性状得以恢复;同时出水COD和TP分别在50、0.5 mg/L以下,去除率分别约为85%、95%。     

Textile Wastewater Treatment With Activated Sludge And Powdered Activated Carbon

The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of batch activated sludge process and powdered activated carbon adsorption for organic and color removal from textile wastewaters. Factors affecting treatment performance investigated in the study included raw wastewater strength, various combinations of dye to starch in the wastewater, aeration time. Synthetic wastewaters using starch solution and disperse-red-60 dye were used in the adsorption study. The 3 wastewater strengths used included low, medium and high strength. The 5 different dye to starch combinations used included 0% dye+100% starch, 25% dye+75% starch, 50% dye+50% starch, 75% dye+25% starch, and 100% dye+0% starch. The batch bio-oxidation was conducted for a period of 24 hours. The COD removal efficiency, color removal, bio-oxidation rate constant, F/M ratio, SVI, pH and temperature were determined. The results indicated that starch was much easier to remove by the batch activated sludge process compared to disperse-red-60 dye, which was virtually non-biodegradable. Wastewaters containing 100% starch had the highest COD removal efficiency. Increase in dye concentration in wastewater resulted in decrease in the COD removal efficiency. The COD removal efficiency ranged from 6 to 45% for low strength wastewater of 100mg/L COD, 27 to 80% for medium strength wastewater of 500mg/L COD, and 23 to 65% for high strength wastewater of 1000mg/L COD. The low strength wastewaters had the best settling characteristics, while the medium strength wastewaters had the worst. For high PAC dosage of 15g/L, high COD removal efficiencies of 88 to 98% removal and E * ab of 36 to 47 were obtained. It is recommended that activated sludge be used to remove high COD organic pollutants first, followed by PAC adsorption to remove dye waste in the treatment of textile wastewaters.     

Cultivation of anaerobic granular sludge in UASB reactors with aerobic activated sludge as seed

Methanogenic bacteria of 10⁸ g SS⁻¹ in the activated sludges from an aeration tank treating sewage and from a secondary sedimentation tank of an activated sludge plant treating textile dyeing wastewater were enumerated by the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique. By using the two activated sludges as the seed material, anaerobic granular sludges were obtained at 35°C in two lab-UASB reactors having volumes of 29 and 481, and treating a glucose molasses solution of 1000–3500 mg COD 1⁻¹ and citrate wastewater of 20,000–36,000 mg COD 1⁻¹ respectively. The characteristics of granulation using the activated sludge as the seed were similar to those using digested sewage sludge as the seed. It is shown that activated sludge is readily available seed material for an anaerobic reactor. The growth of methanogenic bacteria in the activated sludge can be attributed to the existence of some anaerobic nuclei in the activated sludge flocs. The factors for the cultivation of granular sludge by using the activated sludge are also discussed.     

常德市垃圾渗滤液处理厂SBR工艺雪灾后的端动

常德市垃圾渗滤液处理厂为实现SBR工艺的快速启动,采用接种城市污水厂污泥的方法,先对污泥进行强制驯化,然后进行工艺调试。结果表明,当进水量为50m3/d时,出水COD为400mg/L左右,氨氮<10mg/L。     

A simplified kinetic model to simulate soluble organic substances removal in an activated sludge aeration tank

A simple kinetic model for the removal of soluble organic substances, SOS, in the activated sludge aeration tank was proposed. The model consists of the instantaneous biosorption of SOS in the influent wastewater and the consecutive biooxidation of the remaining SOS in contact with the activated sludge under the aerated condition. By using samples taken from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, model parameters such as the amount of instantaneous biosorption and the rate of biooxidation, respectively, of SOS were empirically determined, and given as a function of soluble COD concentration. By combining the obtained kinetic data of SOS removal with the quantitative information of the liquid mixing characteristics in a multi-staged aeration tank, a mathematical model to simulate the distributions of SOS concentration in the aeration tank was presented. The simulation calculation was illustratively carried out and the results were shown in comparison with the experimental data in the same plant.     

硝化棉生产废水处理工程的启动

采用混凝/两段活性污泥法组合工艺处理硝化棉生产废水,经过一个月左右的调试运行后,高负荷曝气池和CASS池对COD的去除率分别为65%和50%,对BOD5的平均去除率分别为64%和75%,出水水质达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)的二级标准.     

曝气量对膜生物反应器污泥特性和膜污染的影响

设置M1、M2和M3等3个反应器的曝气量分别为150、200和300 L/h,研究了曝气量对膜生物反应器(MBR)的运行效果和污泥特性的影响.结果表明,随着曝气量的增加,对COD和NH4+-N的去除率提高,反应器内溶解氧浓度和污泥的比耗氧速率均增加,表明增加曝气量有助于提高污泥的活性.污泥絮体的粒径变小,溶解性微生物代谢产物(SMP)浓度则由M1的46.8mg/L增加到M3的71.0 mg/L,而且其中的成分也发生了变化,蛋白质与多糖的比值随着曝气量的增加而增加,M1的为1.5,M3的则增至1.9.随着曝气量的增加则膜污染速率加快,表明膜污染以SMP污染为主.     

低DO下曝气方式对分段进水脱氮工艺的影响

采用分段进水生物脱氮工艺处理小区生活污水,考察了在低DO条件下,不同曝气方式对硝化率及污泥沉降性能的影响。结果表明,在曝气量为0．27m^3／h、MLSS平均为2700mg／L左右、好氧区的DO为0．26～2．5mg／L的条件下,当进水氨氮为44～55mg／L时,对氨氮的去除率保持在95％以上,对COD的去除率〉90％;当控制好氧区第1、2格室的DO分别为0．5～0．7和1．0～1．2mg／L时,系统的硝化率维持在90％以上,出水中的氨氮〈2mg／L;在恒定曝气量下,向进水中投加有机碳源,当水质改变较快时,容易引起丝状菌污泥膨胀,但通过恒DO曝气控制,可使污泥的沉降性能得到改善。