304奥氏体不锈钢拉伸过程的数值模拟

不锈钢板材在拉伸成形过程中应变硬化严重,影响因素复杂,易出现起皱、破裂、粘模等现象。运用有限元软件,对不同拉伸工艺条件下304奥氏体不锈钢圆筒件的拉伸成形过程进行了数值模拟分析。     

激光熔凝对304奥氏体不锈钢拉伸力学性能的影响

采用5 kW横流CO2激光器,分别在常温空气冷却、冰水快速冷却条件下对304奥氏体不锈钢的上下表面进行熔凝试验,并对比分析其显微组织和拉伸力学性能.结果表明:经激光熔凝处理后,熔凝层组织形态由里及表依次为平面晶、胞状晶、树枝晶和等轴晶;组织明显得到细化,常温空气冷却和冰水快速冷却的熔凝层组织分别比基体组织细化约14倍和18倍;经两种不同的处理方式得到的试件,其拉伸力学性能均得到增强,且随熔凝层冷却速度的增加,相应的拉伸力学性能指标提高的幅度也增加.其中,经冰水快速冷却激光熔凝处理后的试件屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别可提高约22.4％、16.4％和15.7％     

304奥氏体不锈钢摩擦学实验研究

针对304奥氏体不锈钢的摩擦性能进行研究。采用洛高温真空硬度计测它在不同温度下的硬度变化,使用万能摩擦试验机,将不同材料的钢球(304球、316球、GCr15球、陶瓷球)分别与304奥氏体不锈钢盘组成摩擦副,进行球盘式摩擦实验,并利用三维形貌仪对盘的摩擦表面进行观测;最后使用高温摩擦磨损试验机研究高温情况下的球盘摩擦性能。实验结果表明:在干摩擦条件下,304不锈钢的耐磨性能弱于316钢、GCr15钢、陶瓷;随着温度的升高,304不锈钢内部组织变软,摩擦因数逐渐下降;同时在摩擦过程中发现试样之间的黏着现象随温度增加逐渐严重,这也符合摩擦因数的变化趋势。     

304不锈钢高温力学性能研究

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机,测试了700~1400℃时304不锈钢的高温强度及塑性随温度的变化规律,确定了该钢种的零强度温度(ZST)与零塑性温度(ZDT)。结果表明:304不锈钢的ZST为1370℃,ZDT为1350℃左右;高温屈服强度及抗拉强度随温度的升高而降低,1250℃之后屈服强度及抗拉强度都降低至25MPa以下,强度变差;第一脆性区的温度为1250℃到熔点,第三脆性区的温度为950~1050℃,在1050~1200℃内断面收缩率均在65%以上,塑性较好。     

409L铁素体不锈钢的高温拉伸行为和形变组织研究

利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、EPMA、拉伸试验机研究铸态409L铁素体不锈钢在高温下的力学性能和变形组织特征.结果表明,随着温度的升高,409L不锈钢的强度在300～800℃迅速下降,800～1150℃下降变缓;伸长率在1000℃时达到最大,为131.44%;断面收缩率在800℃时最大,为97.71%.409L不锈钢的再结晶温度在950℃左右.通过XRD鉴定表明,409L不锈钢中主要组成物相为铁素体、Fe-Cr系合金和游离Cr元素.EPMA结果显示,409L不锈钢中含有的黑色点状第二相颗粒主要是Ti(C、N),此种粒子可提高钢铁材料的综合性能.     

304奥氏体不锈钢固溶渗氮的研究

在氮气中对304奥氏体不锈钢进行固溶渗氮，用电子探针测定了渗氮层的氮浓度分布，用扫描电子显微镜观察了渗氮层的金相组织。结果表明，固溶渗氮可以使304奥氏体不锈钢获得高氮奥氏体层；表面氮浓度随渗氮温度的升高和氮气压力的增大而增加，渗氮层深度随渗氮温度的升高和保温时间的延长而增加；渗氮后空冷和水冷时氮为固溶状态，炉冷时会析出氮化物。     

304Cu奥氏体不锈钢热变形本构模型

利用Gleebe-3800热模拟机对304Cu奥氏体不锈钢进行单道次高温压缩试验,研究其在1000～1200℃、0.1～10 s-1条件的流变行为,利用Johnson-Cook方程建立该材料的热变形本构模型.研究表明,温度和应变速率对304Cu奥氏体不锈钢的流变应力影响显著,流变应力随温度升高而减小,随应变速率增加而增大;基于Johnson-Cook方程的本构模型预测值与实验值较吻合,平均绝对误差为8.67％.     

冷变形对304奥氏体不锈钢组织及氢脆敏感性的影响

304奥氏体不锈钢是储氢的候选材料,其在冷变形过程中的氢脆敏感性存在争议.本文研究固溶态和两种冷变形状态下304奥氏体不锈钢的微观组织和氢脆敏感性.结果 表明:与固溶态的相比,冷轧304不锈钢产生了应变诱导马氏体及变形位错,强度增加,氢脆敏感性也增加;冷轧变形量越大,马氏体含量越多,强度越高,氢脆敏感性也越高.冷变形和...     

304NG奥氏体不锈钢在超临界水环境中的腐蚀行为

采用腐蚀增重法研究了304NG奥氏体不锈钢在550~650℃/25 MPa的超临界水(SCW)中的腐蚀行为。使用SEM和EDS分析了材料的氧化动力学、氧化膜表面形貌、氧化膜截面形貌和合金元素分布。结果表明:304NG奥氏体不锈钢在SCW中的腐蚀增重服从抛物线生长规律;在550℃的SCW中具有较好的抗腐蚀性能,当温度升高到650℃时,腐蚀增重速率急剧升高;304NG奥氏体不锈钢在SCW中腐蚀初期形成薄而致密的氧化膜,之后则会出现疖状腐蚀,并且腐蚀岛的尺寸随着腐蚀时间的延长而逐渐增大,650℃时尤为明显;腐蚀生成的氧化膜形态为典型的双层结构。     

304奥氏体不锈钢薄板拉伸时粘结瘤形成原因及改进措施

从润滑状态及拉伸速度入手,分析了304奥氏体不锈钢拉伸时粘结瘤形成原因,结合项目合作单位的实际情况提出了改进措施,配制了合适的润滑剂。     

Influence of Strain Rate on Tensile Characteristics of SUS304 Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel

The microstructure characteristics and plastic deformation behavior of SUS304 metastable austenitic stainless steel sheets have been investigated during tensile process at different strain rates at room temperature. The yield stress continuously increases with strain rates due to low fraction of martensite transformed from austenite at 0.2% plastic stain. While the ultimate tensile stress （UTS） and elongation gradually decreases and then slightly increases with increase in strain rate from 0.0005 s-1 to 0.i s-1, which is attributed to the variation of the martensite fraction that is affected seriously by adiabatic heating. A higher temperature increase in the tensile specimens restricts the martensitic transformation at high strain rate. The strain rate of 0.1 s-1 is considered as a transition deformation rate from quasi-static state to plastic forming, where the transformed martensitic content is very small in a higher strain rate range. Anomalous stress peaks in the later half stage of deformation occur at a very low strain rate （i.e., 0.0005 s-1） result from X-shaped strain localization repeatedly sweeping over the specimen. With increasing strain rates, the variation of dimple number density follows similar trend as that of UTS and ductility because martensite fraction mostly influences void nucleation and growth.     

新型奥氏体不锈钢室温拉伸性能研究

研究了新型奥氏体不锈钢24Mn18Cr3Ni0.62N在室温下的拉伸性能。结果表明,该钢具有优良的室温拉伸性能,σ0.2=525MPa,σb=890MPa,δ=41%,ψ=57%,n=0.421。室温下断裂为韧性断裂,夹杂物为裂纹发源地之一,净化材料可以进一步提高材料的抗拉强度。     

新型奥氏体不锈钢室温拉伸性能研究

研究了新型奥氏体不锈钢24Mn18Cr3Ni0．62N在室温下的拉伸性能。结果表明．该钢具有优良的室温拉伸性能，σ0.2=525MPa，σb=890MPa，δ=41％，ψ=57％，n=0.421。室温下断裂为韧性断裂，夹杂物为裂纹发源地之一，净化材料可以进一步提高材料的抗拉强度。     

固溶处理温度对304奥氏体不锈钢敏化与晶间腐蚀的影响

采用电化学动电位再活化法(EPR)研究了经950℃和1050℃固溶处理304奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏化度Ir/Ia、敏化时间t和敏化温度T之间关系,根据腐蚀速率Rmpy与微观腐蚀形貌绘制了304不锈钢敏化的TTS曲线,探讨了固溶处理温度改变对TTS曲线的影响。结果表明,1050℃固溶处理试样的耐晶间腐蚀性能优于950℃固溶处理试样。     

High-temperature Tensile Behavior in Coarse-grained and Fine-grained Nb-containing 25Cr-20Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel

In this study, tensile behavior of Nb-containing 25Cr-20Ni austenitic stainless steels composed of coarse or fine grains has been investigated at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 900 °C. Results show that the tensile strength of fine-grained specimens decreases faster than that of coarse-grained specimens, as the test temperature increases from 600 °C to 800 °C. The rapidly decreasing tensile strength is attributed to the enhanced dynamic recovery and recrystallization, because additional slip systems are activated, and cross-slipping is accelerated during deformation in fine-grained specimens. After tensile testing at 700-900 °C, sigma phases are formed concurrently with dynamic recrystallization in fine-grained specimens. The precipitation of sigma phases is induced by simultaneous recrystallization as the diffusion of alloying elements is accelerated during the recrystallization process. Additionally, the minimum ductility is observed in coarse-grained specimens at 800 °C, which is caused by the formation of M₂₃C₆ precipitates at the grain boundaries.     

304奥氏体不锈钢拉深过程有限元模拟

不锈钢制品由于其美观的外表和良好的使用性能,在国民经济各行各业被广泛使用,但不锈钢在拉深过程中硬化严重,易出现起皱、破裂现象,使成品率降低。本文应用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟了304奥氏体不锈钢圆筒件在不同摩擦条件下的拉深成形过程,分析了摩擦系数对304不锈钢圆筒件拉深成形过程的影响。结果表明,304奥氏体不锈钢圆筒件拉深过程中,较适宜的摩擦系数为0.08～0.15。当摩擦系数过小时,将在坯料与凹模圆角处发生破裂;而摩擦系数过大,则严重影响坯料的拉深极限。     

Antibacterial Property and Precipitation Behavior of Ag-Added 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

A 304 stainless steel with the addition of 0.27 wt% Ag was found to exhibit excellent antibacterial properties. Based on Thermo-Calc calculation, a special heat treatment was introduced to obtain Ag precipitate in this steel. Anti- bacterial experiments show that the alloy can kill the adhering Escherichia coli effectively. Since the Ag element plays a key role in killing the adhered bacteria, microstructures of Ag and Ag-rich compounds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Ag-rich compounds with the size of a few microns were found to be embedded within the matrix and along grain boundaries, Moreover, pure Ag particles with a lattice parameter of 0.422 nm were found within the austenite matrix. The orientation relationship between the matrix and Ag particles was identified. Nano-sized Ag particles were precipitated during heat treatment, and the interfacial energy between Ag precipitates and matrix was determined by Becket＇s model calculation.