两亲高分子对液膜分离体系的稳定作用

用丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸十二酯共聚合成了一种两亲高分子。将其作为稳定剂加入到由Span -80、环己烷和水等组成的W /O型乳液膜中。结果发现乳液膜的稳定性显著提高 ,并用空间稳定作用对结果作了解释。     

两亲高分子对液膜分离体系的稳定作用

用丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸十二酯共聚合成了一种两亲高分子,将其作为稳定剂加入到由Span-80、环己烷和水等组成的W／O型乳液膜中。结果发现乳液膜的稳定性显著提高,并用空间稳定作用对结果作了解释。     

用含两亲高分子的乳液膜体系迁移痕量Cd^2＋

将两亲高分子聚（丙烯酸－甲基丙烯酸十二酯）作为膜稳定剂加到由Span-80、煤油、液体石蜡和水等组成的W／O型乳液膜中，研究了此液蓦地痕量Cd^2 的迁移作用，结果表明，由于两亲高分子的空间稳定作用而导致乳液膜对Cd^2 具有较高的迁移效率。     

水体系中含卟啉基团的两亲高分子的自组装行为和性质的研究

在文中合成了两种不同的卟啉单体5-(4-acryloyloxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrinate zinc(II)(ZnAOTCPP)和5-(4-acrylo-yloxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-methoxycarboxylphenyl)porphyrinate zinc(II)(ZnMeAOTCPP),它们分别与丙烯酰胺(Acrylamide,AM)聚合得到含有卟啉基团的两亲高分子.与对应的单体相比,含有三羧酸卟啉基团的高分子在水中形成了一个新的紫外吸收峰和一个新的荧光发射峰,而含有三羧酸甲酯卟啉基团的高分子除此之外在更长波的方向上还另外出现了一个新的紫外吸收峰和一个新的荧光发射峰.随着高分子水溶液浓度的提高,高分子中卟啉基团的光谱性质的变化趋势显示高分子在水中的自组装行为可以分为分子间缔合和分子内缔合的两种情况.此外,实验结果显示含有三羧酸甲酯卟啉基团的高分子相对于含有三羧酸卟啉基团的高分子更加有利于卟啉缔合物的形成.     

用含两亲高分子的乳液膜体系迁移痕量Cd2+

将两亲高分子聚 (丙烯酸—甲基丙烯酸十二酯 )作为膜稳定剂加到由Span 80、煤油、液体石蜡和水等组成的W /O型乳液膜中 ,研究了此液膜对痕量Cd2 + 的迁移作用。结果表明 ,由于两亲高分子的空间稳定作用而导致乳液膜对Cd2 + 具有较高的迁移效率     

一种基于胆固醇衍生物的两亲分子的合成及其聚集行为

合成了以胆固醇为疏水基、双甘肽为亲水基的两亲分子N-胆固醇甲酰基双甘肽钾盐(Chol-GG-K)。利用透射电镜(TEM)、激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)等手段研究了该分子在水中的聚集行为,发现其在水中形成了多分散的囊泡结构。胆固醇的范德华力形成强疏水作用和聚集能力,亲水基的氢键作用也是产生聚集作用的驱动力。     

两亲聚合物化学驱油体系微观性能研究进展

在油气田开发的化学驱油实践中,新型两亲聚合物化学驱油体系在增黏、乳化、抗剪切及跨体系协同等方面均具有明显优势。然而,随着油藏物性参数的愈发严苛,国际油价的起伏波动以及新冠疫情等的持续影响,油田对化学驱油体系不断提出新的、更高的要求。为此,对与两亲聚合物驱油性能相关的自体系微观聚集性能、跨体系微观协同性能以及乳状液微观界面活性研究进展进行综述,以期为两亲聚合物驱油剂的合成及应用创新提供思路。     

基于自组织的两亲聚合物驱油剂的渗流特性研究

针对大庆油田所应用的两亲聚合物,利用化学驱模拟评价装置研究了其渗流特性,得出了其在多孔介质中的渗流规律以及部分影响因素。结果表明,同浓度的两亲聚合物比HPAM的阻力系数和残余阻力系数更大;两亲聚合物比HPAM具有更大的粘弹性,具有更强的抗剪切性,并且在多孔介质中流动存在胀流性的行为;两亲聚合物的浓度越高,阻力系数和残余阻力系数越高;粘度随着老化时间的增长先增加后减小,在增加阶段,老化时间越长,阻力系数和残余阻力系数越大;岩心的渗透率越小,残余阻力系数越大。     

两亲高分子的乳化与降粘性质研究

以丙烯酰胺与自制的两亲功能单体进行无规共聚,合成了两亲高分子稠油降粘剂(APVR)。通过扫描电镜、光学显微镜和测定接触角等手段对APVR在溶液中的聚集形态及其对原油的乳化性能和降粘性能进行表征和分析。结果表明,APVR乳化稠油的能力优于模拟二元复合驱、普通水解聚丙烯酰胺、模拟注入水3种体系;在浓度为600 mg/L、温度为50℃时,APVR对胜利稠油的降粘率高达96%以上。     

两亲共聚物合成研究的进展

综述了两亲共聚物合成研究的进展和现状,重点介绍了两亲接枝共聚物的制备方法     

梳型两亲聚合物的溶液性能研究

对自制的梳型两亲聚合物,聚(苯乙烯-co-马来酸酐)-g-(聚乙二醇单甲醚)(A)、聚(苯乙烯-co-马来酸酐)-g - C12H25OH(B)和聚(苯乙烯-co-马来酸酐)-g-(聚乙二醇单甲醚+C12H25OH)(C)进行了溶液聚集行为、流变性能和对炭黑的分散性能的研究.结果表明,样品水溶液中可以形成粒径为数十至数百纳米的多分散性球形聚集体,粒径分布较宽;25℃时,对不同质量浓度的样品A,B和C水溶液进行了流变性能研究,在相同质量浓度下,样品的疏水性越强,其溶液的剪切变稀行为越强烈;在相同条件下,3.种样品对炭黑的分散性能依次为B＞C＞A,分散性能随着样品疏水性和溶液质量浓度的增加而增强.     

Synthesis and morphology transformation of amphiphilic diblock polyurethane copolymers in aqueous solution

Amphiphilic block copolymers possess both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties and can form versatile micellar structures in aqueous solution. The aim of the research presented was to prepare a series of non‐ionic amphiphilic diblock polyurethane copolymers (PUn) based on isophorone diisocyanate, monoallyl‐end‐capped poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), followed by an investigation of their micellization properties and morphology transformation in aqueous solution. The PUn samples were synthesized by condensation polymerization. These polyurethanes exhibit surface tension as low as 33.7–37.0 mN m^?1. There is an obvious decrease in critical micelle concentration as the hydrophobic PPO molecular weight increases. According to transmission electron microscopy, the morphology of aggregates of the copolymers can be tuned by varying the concentration in aqueous solution rather than organic solvent. For example, for PU7, large compound micelles are produced instead of vesicles. For PU17, the concentration can be used to control the size and thickness of vesicles. Vesicle size increases from 60 to 500 nm and vesicle thickness from 40 to 60 nm with concentration ranging from 0.003 to 0.03 wt%. The study shows that the copolymers in aqueous solution have excellent surface activities. In addition, they can self‐assemble into large compound micelles or vesicles at certain concentrations. Moreover, the synthesis method described allows one to obtain a desired morphology of aggregates by adjusting the composition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments, which provides a novel and simple way to obtain particles on the nanometer scale. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of hydrophilic chain length on the aqueous solution behavior of block amphiphilic copolymers PMMA‐b‐PDMAEMA

A series of amphiphilic block copolymers, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)‐b‐poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA), were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. Surface tension, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies were performed to investigate the aqueous micellar behavior of these block amphiphiles. At a fixed degree of polymerization (DP) of PMMA block (DP = 55), the PDMAEMA block length was found to have a significant influence on the critical micelle concentration (cmc) values and hydrodynamic size of aggregates. An increase in the DP of PDMAEMA from 11 to 337, resulted in a decrease in the cmc from 1.44 × 10^?5 to 5.81 × 10^?7 M (a factor of almost 24.8), and a decrease in the Z (2R_h) from 85.5 to 15.5 nm (pH = 4), respectively. TEM and AFM results indicated that by changing the soluble block lengths, spherical, short rod, crew‐cut, vesicles or large aggregates can be observed in the solution. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

聚丙烯酰胺水溶液的流变特性

通过测定聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)水溶液不同状态下的表观黏度,研究了质量浓度、剪切速率和温度对PAM溶液流变特性的影响。结果表明,在浓度范围1.0～4.0 g/L时,PAM溶液表观黏度随浓度的增加呈线性递增。在浓度范围2.0～4.0 g/L时,PAM溶液表现为假塑性流体特性,其表观黏度随剪切速率的升高而降低,且两者的对数值呈线性关系,非牛顿指数n随稠度系数K的增加而降低;溶液表观黏度随温度的升高而降低,其黏流活化能约为10 kJ/mol。PAM溶液表现为明显的正触变性。     

Surface properties and aggregation behaviors of amphiphilic highly-branched block polyethers in aqueous solution

A series of new highly-branched block polyethers, PA-PO-EO, were synthesized via anion ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide (PO) and ethylene oxide (EO), using phenol-amine resin (PA) as the initiator. The molecular structures were confirmed by end group analysis, FT-IR and ¹H NMR. The surface properties and self-assembly behaviors in aqueous solution were investigated by surface tension, fluorescence spectroscopy, UV–vis spectra and TEM. The results indicated that the CMC of polyethers aqueous solution presented a wide range, and the scope of CMC corresponded to the content of EO. Moreover, the proportion of PA had a great effect on the properties of the whole polymer molecules, and the number of blocks was a critical factor to the process of self-assembly. A corresponding critical size of the spherical micelles formed by different samples was presented from TEM photographs. Accordingly, the possible self-assembly mechanisms were put forward to explain the formation of all kinds of aggregates. In a word, the PA and PPO blocks aggregated to form a relatively hydrophobic core, which was stabilized by a hydrophilic PEO corona.     

Synthesis of biodegradable amphiphilic thermo‐responsive multiblock polycarbonate and its self‐aggregation behavior in aqueous solution

Amphiphilic thermo‐responsive multiblock polycarbonates consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) were facilely synthesized using triphosgene as coupling agent. The structures and molecular characteristics of the polycarbonates were confirmed by ¹H‐NMR, FT‐IR and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The crystallization behavior and thermal properties of the polycarbonates were studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Surface tension measurements confirmed that the critical micelles concentration of polymeric micelles were concentration ranges, which varied from about 2–70 mg/L to 5–40 mg/L with increasing PEO/PPO composition ratio from 0.8 to 1. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments showed bimodal size distributions, the aggregates size increased with increasing the concentration of the polycarbonates aqueous solutions. The size of the aggregates acquired from TEM was smaller than that from DLS owing to the fact that TEM gave size of the aggregates in dry state rather than the hydrodynamic diameter. The degradation process revealed that the degradation rate of the aggregates could be accelerated with an increase in temperature. Moreover, the more the polycarbonate was hydrophilic, the faster was its degradation. Rheological measurements suggested that these multiblock polycarbonates were thermo‐responsive and by regulating the PEO/PPO composition ratio they could form a gel at 37°C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Molecular size and aggregation behavior of Erwinia gum in aqueous solution

Erwinia (E) gum, a stabilizer and thickening agent of food, is composed of glucose, fucose, galactose, and glucuronic acid (1 : 0.1 : 0.05 : 0.3 by molar ratio). The apparent weight‐average molecular weight M_w and intrinsic viscosity [η] in 0.2 M NaCl aqueous solution were measured to be 7.83 × 10⁵ and 268 mL g⁻¹, respectively, by light scattering and viscometry. The aggregation behavior of E gum in aqueous solution was investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and dynamic light scattering. The results showed that 7.5% E gum exists as an aggregate, whose diameter is 12 times greater than single‐stranded chain, in aqueous solution at 25°C, and the aggregates' content decreased with increasing temperature or decreasing polymer concentration. The aggregates at higher temperature were more readily broken than in exceeding dilute solution. GPC analysis proved that a significant shoulder, corresponding to a fraction of higher molecular weight due to chain aggregation, appeared in the chromatogram of E gum in 0.05 M KH₂PO₄/5.7 × 10⁻³ M NaOH aqueous solution (pH 6.0) at 35°C, and decreased with increasing temperature, finally disappeared at 90°C. The disaggregation process of E gum in aqueous solution can be described as follows: with increasing temperature, large aggregates first were changed into the middle, then disrupted step by step into single‐stranded chains. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 1083–1088, 2000     

羧酸盐表面活性剂与两亲聚合物相互作用研究

根据黏度和表面张力的测定数据研究了羧酸盐表面活性剂(HF-E)与两亲聚合物的相互作用,结果表明,HF-E/两亲聚合物混合溶液的表观黏度随HF-E质量浓度的增加先升高后下降;两亲聚合物的质量浓度越大,HF-E/两亲聚合物混合溶液表面张力越高;随着水的矿化度的升高,HF-E/两亲聚合物混合溶液的表观黏度先略有增加,到一定值后反而降低,而表面张力则随矿化度的增加而降低;温度升高,HF-E/两亲聚合物混合溶液的表观黏度随之降低而其与大庆模拟油间的界面张力则升高。优化后的高黏度低界面张力二元体系配方为HF-E和两亲聚合物的质量浓度分别为3和1.5 g·L-1;此外,还加入质量浓度为1 g·L-1的烷基醇酰胺(NS)。     

Grain-Boundary Viscosity of BaO-Doped SiC

Internal friction characterization of the viscosity of a residual SiO₂/BaO glass, segregated to grain boundaries of polycrystalline SiC, is presented. The anelastic relaxation peak of internal friction, arising from viscous slip along grain boundaries wetted by a glass phase, is analyzed. Two SiC polycrystals, containing SiO₂/BaO glasses with different compositions, are studied and compared with a SiC polycrystal containing only pure SiO₂. The internal friction peak is first analyzed with respect to its shift upon frequency change. This analysis allows quantitative assessment of both the intrinsic viscosity and the activation energy for viscous flow of the grain-boundary phase. Both parameters markedly decrease with increasing amounts of BaO dopant, which is consistent with data reported in the literature on SiO₂ and SiO₂/BaO bulk glasses with the same nominal composition. Analysis of the peak morphology is also attempted, considering the evolution of peak width while varying the grain-boundary glass composition. Moreover, the role of microstructural parameters, such as the distributions of grain size and grain-boundary angles, on the broadening of the internal friction peak is addressed, and a procedure is proposed that allows quantitative evaluation of the activation energy for viscous flow of intergranular glass merely from the width of the internal friction peak.     

Effect of solvent interactions on swelling and microstructure of amphiphilic polyurethane networks

Amphiphilic polyurethane (PU) ionomer networks were synthesized by urethane acrylate anionomer (UAA) precursor chains. These networks were prepared with water, dioxane (DO), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and exhibited very different swelling behaviors in water/DO (UAADG) and water/DMSO (UAASG) solvent mixtures, which was due to the different solvent interactions between water/DO and water/DMSO. The additional important factor influencing the swelling behavior in water/aprotic solvent mixtures was the hydrophilicity of the UAA networks, which was different than the water–UAA network interaction. The microstructure of UAA networks prepared with the water/aprotic solvent mixtures was greatly influenced by the water–solvent interactions. Unlike the water/DO mixtures, which had a relatively weak water–DO interaction, the strong water–DMSO interaction largely restricted the ability of DMSO to solvate the UAA chain, which resulted in an increase in the aggregation of the hydrophobic segment and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic microphase separation. Thus, UAASG and UAADG networks showed very different swelling behaviors in the same swelling medium because of the microstructural difference between these gels, which was confirmed by dynamic mechanical measurements. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 608–620, 2001