共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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以煤为原料合成醋酸乙烯具有成本低的优点,二醋酸亚乙酯(EDA)是合成醋酸乙烯的中间产物.在机械搅拌反应釜中,采用三碘化铑为主催化剂,碘化锂和碘甲烷为助催化剂,以二甲醚、CO和H2为原料合成二醋酸亚乙酯,考察了反应温度、二甲醚量、CO分压和H2分压对反应的影响,在反应温度180℃、CO分压2.2 MPa、H2分压2.2 MPa和二甲醚量0.05 mol的条件下反应8h,二甲醚转化率为60.00%,醋酸甲酯选择性为31.43%,二醋酸亚乙酯选择性为68.56%.研究结果表明,反应温度和原料配比对二甲醚转化率和EDA选择性影响较大,根据实验现象,研究了二甲醚与合成气制取二醋酸亚乙酯的反应机理. 相似文献
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利用醋酸稀溶液生产绿色化学品——醋酸钙镁盐的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
结合醋酸稀溶液的合理回收和利用 ,以生产绿色化学品———醋酸钙镁盐 (CMA)为目的 ,采用化学萃取将醋酸富集于萃取剂相 ,再用钙镁氧化物为反萃剂 ,反萃生成CMA为工艺路线 ,系统地进行了负载醋酸有机相反萃性能的研究。考察了以三烷基胺 (Alamine 3 3 6) 正辛醇 煤油为萃取剂 ,CaO、MgO及其混合物为反萃剂时 ,反萃剂浓度、负载醋酸初始浓度、相比以及反萃液中醋酸盐初始浓度对反萃率的影响 ,并对反萃过程的机理及CMA中钙镁比例的影响因素进行了讨论。实验结果表明 ,钙镁氧化物可有效地反萃溶剂中的醋酸溶质 ,以生产绿色化学品———醋酸钙镁盐 ;当反萃液pH值大于 6.5时 ,萃取分配常数为 5 ,可有效地预测不同实验条件下的反萃率 ,误差小于± 15 % ;反萃液中Ca∶Mg的值与多种因素有关 ,生产中应注意调节起始的Ca∶Mg比例 ,以保持反萃液中合适的钙镁比例。 相似文献
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二步法甲酸/醋酸催化玉米芯生产糠醛工艺的水解过程会产生少量的醋酸和甲酸,因此水解液中醋酸和甲酸的质量分数不断增加。为了使糠醛生产中甲酸和醋酸质量分数适合工艺条件,文中采用反应精馏法回收该工艺中过量的醋酸和甲酸。分别考察了回流比、酸水进料流量、甲醇与醋酸进料摩尔比、醋酸质量分数和甲酸质量分数等因素对反应精馏回收甲酸和醋酸效果的影响。通过实验得出了适宜的工艺条件:对甲酸质量分数在0.5%以上、醋酸质量分数20%以下的水解液,酸水进料流量在9.0 mL/min、甲醇醋酸进料摩尔比为3∶1和回流比为5等条件下的处理效果最佳。最佳反应条件下对于醋酸质量分数为20%的水解液,醋酸转化率为50.4%,同时甲酸质量分数降低到0.5%。实验证明此方法在满足二步法生产糠醛工艺对水解液甲酸和醋酸质量分数的要求的同时,可回收过量的甲酸和醋酸。 相似文献
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提出以病死畜禽为原料制备氨基酸镁新工艺,主要过程是先将病死畜禽尸体水解为富含大量氨基酸的营养液,并进一步加入无机镁盐使Mg2+与氨基酸螯合成氨基酸镁。通过单因素实验,确定了病死鸡的最佳催化水解条件,并进一步探究了水解氨基酸制备氨基酸镁的反应条件。水解反应的最佳条件是:甲酸加入量10 mL,水加入量75 mL,病死鸡尸体组织加入量50 g,反应温度为96℃,水解时间为5 h,加料方式为多次加料。螯合反应的最佳条件是:pH=3.0,反应时间为1 h,反应温度为50℃,n(氨基酸)∶n(氯化镁)=1∶1,在最佳反应条件下,氨基酸镁螯合率可达到93.49%。 相似文献
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以乙炔和醋酸为原料,采用工业用醋酸锌/活性炭为催化剂,在微型固定床反应器中系统地考察了常压下空速、催化剂粒径、温度和乙炔与醋酸物质的量之比对醋酸乙烯合成的影响.结果表明,以粒径为0.177~0.250 mm的醋酸锌/活性炭为催化剂,乙炔与醋酸物质的量之比2.4~6.4,常压,温度150~225℃和空速900~5 000 h-1的条件下反应,反应器内外扩散阻力可忽略,催化剂具有良好的催化活性和稳定性.采用幂函数模型研究该条件下乙炔法合成醋酸乙烯的本征动力学,复相关指数达0.962 1,乙炔法合成醋酸乙烯过程中乙炔的反应级数为1.0,醋酸的反应级数为-0.5,指前因子为0.152 5(mol0.5m1.5)/(kg·s),反应活化能为8.767 3×104J/mol. 相似文献
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R. del Valle‐Zermeño J.M. Chimenos J. Formosa A.I. Fernández 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2012,87(12):1702-1708
BACKGROUND: Low grade magnesium oxide (LG‐MgO) is a by‐product from the calcination of natural magnesite that is currently hydrated to magnesium hydroxide by storing it in the open for up to 6 months. It is eight to ten times cheaper than pure magnesium oxide and therefore the revalorization of this by‐product is very attractive for those applications requiring great quantities of magnesium hydroxide for which high purity is not required. Here the hydration of LG‐MgO is studied as a function of two parameters: hydrating agent and temperature. RESULTS: Addition of acetic acid during the hydration of LG‐MgO improved the effectiveness of treatment. At 50 °C, the maximum percentage hydration was 40% in pure water and increased to 65% and 70% using aqueous solutions of 0.5 and 1.0 mol L?1 acetic acid. Increase of temperature also had a positive effect on the final degree of hydration. When the treatment was carried out with 0.5 mol L?1 acetic acid, the hydration increased from 50 to 65 and 80% at 25, 50 and 90 °C respectively. Accordingly under the optimum conditions of 90 °C and 0.5 mol L?1 acetic acid 80% hydration was achieved within 8 h. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that much shorter hydration times are possible and therefore an industrial alternative to the spontaneous process could satisfy an increasing demand for magnesium hydroxide. Moreover, agitation is not needed as the reaction is chemically controlled. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Kgabo P Matabola Elizabet M van der Merwe Christien A Strydom Frederick J W Labuschagne 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2010,85(12):1569-1574
BACKGROUND: The influence of different hydrating agents on the pH of the hydrating solutions, rate of hydration of MgO to Mg(OH)2 and product surface area was studied as a function of temperature of hydration. Hydrating agents used were aqueous solutions of ammonium chloride, magnesium acetate, magnesium nitrate, nitric acid, acetic acid, magnesium chloride, sodium acetate and hydrochloric acid and distilled water as control. These were chosen to determine either the effect of addition of a common ion, the effect of changing the solution pH or due to the presence of an acetate ion, found earlier to have a beneficial effect on the hydration of MgO. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the hydration behaviour of the hydrating agents up to 50 °C, where less than 10% of magnesium hydroxide was formed. The amount of hydroxide increased at temperatures above 60 °C. When compared with the hydration in water, all the hydrating agents, with the exception of sodium acetate, showed a significant increase in the degree of hydration. Sodium acetate formed the lowest amount of magnesium hydroxide, ranging between 1.2 and 12.2% magnesium hydroxide. The largest percentage (56.7%) of magnesium hydroxide was formed from hydration in magnesium acetate. CONCLUSION: It seems that MgO hydration is a dissolution‐precipitation process controlled by the dissolution of MgO. The increased degree of hydration in magnesium acetate is possibly due to the presence of acetate and Mg2+ ions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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采用浸渍法制备硅胶(SG)/对甲苯磺酸(p-TSA)催化剂,并用XRD对其进行了表征。利用冰醋酸和无水乙醇为原料,以SG/p-TSA为催化剂合成乙酸乙酯。考察了反应时间,催化剂的用量,原料配比等对该反应的影响。最佳合成条件为:反应温度为100℃,反应时间为100 min,酸醇摩尔比为1.0∶1.9,催化剂用量为5%,产率为95.40%。催化剂不经处理可重复使用,使用3次以后的产率为81.11%。 相似文献
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ASPEN模拟反应精馏生产醋酸甲酯及工业化探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用Aspen Plus软件模拟催化反应精馏生产醋酸甲酯的工艺过程。考察操作压力、醋酸进料位置、回流比和醋酸/甲醇进料比对反应精馏塔塔顶醋酸甲酯纯度的影响。得出反应精馏塔优化操作条件为:操作压力1atm、醋酸在第5块板进料、回流比为1.9、酸醇比为1.6。在模拟计算的基础上,初步探讨工业化装置设计的技术关键点。 相似文献
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采用浆态鼓泡床反应器,改性阳离子交换树脂作催化剂,正丁醇和冰乙酸为原料,对乙酸正丁酯的合成工艺进行了研究,确定了最佳工艺条件:反应温度为110℃,反应时间75min,原料摩尔比n(正丁醇)∶n(乙酸)=1.2∶1,催化剂用量占乙酸用量的40%,乙酸正丁酯的产率可达到98%以上。 相似文献