Novel semi-blind ICI equalization algorithm for wireless OFDM systems

Intercarrier interference is deemed as one of the crucial problems in the wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The conventional ICI mitigation schemes involve the frequency-domain channel estimation or the additional coding, both of which require the spectral overhead and hence lead to the significant throughput reduction. Besides, the OFDM receivers using the ICI estimation rely on a large-dimensional matrix inverter with high computational complexity especially for many subcarriers such as digital video broadcasting (DVB) systems and wireless metropolitan-area networks (WMAN). To the best of our knowledge, no semi-blind ICI equalization has been addressed in the existing literature. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel semi-blind ICI equalization scheme using the joint multiple matrix diagonalization (JMMD) algorithm to greatly reduce the intercarrier interference in OFDM. However, the well-known phase and permutation indeterminacies emerge in all blind equalization schemes. Hence we also design a few OFDM pilot blocks and propose an iterative identification method to determine the corresponding phase and permutation variants in our semi-blind scheme. Our semi-blind ICI equalization algorithm integrating the JMMD with the additional pilot-based iterative identification is very promising for the future high-throughput OFDM systems. Through Monte Carlo simulations, the QPSK-OFDM system with our proposed semi-blind ICI equalizer can achieve significantly better performance with symbol error rate reduction in several orders-of-magnitude. For the 16QAM-OFDM system, our scheme can also improve the performance over the plain OFDM system to some extent.     

快速收敛的正交振幅调制信号半盲均衡算法

针对传输正交幅度调制信号的多输入多输出频率选择性衰落无线通信系统中的信号间干扰与信号内部的码间干扰问题, 提出了一种改进的软决策算法.该方法精确地利用了正交振幅调制(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM)信号星座图信息, 避免了经典恒模算法、多模算法中存在的误调问题, 提高了均衡性能.对代价函数采用梯度牛顿法进行优化, 与常用的梯度类算法相比, 其具有更快的收敛速度.通过均方误差和最大信道扭曲分析和验证了该算法的可靠性和有效性.     

A pseudorandom postfix OFDM modulator - semi-blind channel estimation and equalization

This paper details a new orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) modulator based on the use of a pseudorandom postfix (PRP)-OFDM and discusses low-complexity equalization and channel estimation/tracking architectures. The main property of this new modulation scheme is the ability to estimate and track the channel variations semi-blindly using order-one statistics of the received signal. Compared with known cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) pilot-symbol-assisted modulation (PSAM) schemes, the pilot overhead is avoided: The channel estimation is performed based on the exploitation of pseudorandomly weighted postfix sequences replacing the guard interval contents of CP-OFDM. PRP-OFDM is shown to be of advantage if the target application requires 1) a minimum pilot overhead, 2) low-complexity channel tracking (e.g., high mobility context), and 3) adjustable receiver complexity/performance trade-offs (available due to the similarities of PRP-OFDM to the zero-padded OFDM (ZP-OFDM) modulation scheme) without requiring any feedback loop to the transmitter.     

一种改进的OFDM载波干扰自消除算法

OFDM系统因采用正交子载波技术使得对频率偏移非常敏感,尤其是当频率偏移较大时,误码率性能严重恶化.在分析由Zhao等提出的ICI自消除算法及其改进算法的基础上,提出一种收发端权重因子联合优化算法,该算法极大地提高了OFDM系统的载干比(CIR,carrier-to-interference power ratio)性能.仿真表明,该算法不仅实现简单,而且在频率偏移较大时仍然具有很好的性能.     

Novel ICI cancellation algorithm in OFDM systems

The Bit Error Rate (BER) caused by Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) increases greatly with the increase of frequency offset in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems.According to a typical OFDM signal model,this letter proves that the coefficient matrix of ICI is a unitary matrix whose inverse matrix is much easier to get,and then proposes a new ICI cancellation method with less computation complexity by sending typical pilot symbols.Compared with two existing ICI cancellation methods,self-cancellation and windowing cancellation,it is shown that the proposed algorithm can cancel ICI better and overcome the limitation of the two traditional methods.     

光正交频分复用系统时域均衡算法研究

提出了时域DD-LMS均衡法在O-OFDM系统中的应用。理论分析了DD-LMS均衡原理,实验验证了在直接检测O-OFDM系统中用DD-LMS均衡法比用LS均衡法的系统的平均功率代价降低了1dB;在相同接收功率下,使用DD-LMS均衡方法的系统误码率比使用LS均衡系统误码率降低很多,相应信号星座图也较收敛。     

OFDM系统基于导频的联合信道估计与干扰抵消算法

对OFDM(orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing)系统中由于时频双选信道产生的载波间干扰进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了一种新的OFDM导频符号结构及信道估计方法,从而实现了在一个OFDM符号内时域信道估计和干扰抵消。仿真结果表明:提出的信道估计与干扰抵消相结合的联合算法不仅可以给出精度较高的信道信息,而且可以明显提高系统的性能。     

一种基于特征值求解的OFDM信道均衡算法

在OFDM系统中，时域均衡器用来抵消因循环前缀长度不足而引起的码间串扰。本文提出了一种新的时域均衡器的设计方法，该方法同时考虑了码间串扰和噪声对传输速率的影响。最佳均衡器的系数通过快速傅立叶变换在频域进行计算，并可通过求取矩阵的特，征向量来获得。仿真结果表明所提出来的方法能有效地提高系统传输速率。     

频率选择性衰落OFDM的半盲信道估计算法研究

从系统性能分析和设计的角度详细地研究了基于无线HIPERLAN2通信协议的OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing，正交频分多路复用技术)系统信道估计与均衡的一种半盲算法，提出了结合直接法和Cholesky分解法的切换盲算法。这种半盲算法综合了全盲算法得到的信息与已知导频符号，充分利用了原发信号的统计特性和OFDM帧结构中插入的导频符号，克服了全盲和导频训练序列存在的问题^[6,7]，且不需额外的带宽。仿真结果表明，在误比特率和收敛性方面，该算法比现有的主要三种全盲算法有更好的收敛和抗干扰特性。     

Blind and semi-blind equalization for generalized space-time block codes

This paper presents a general framework for space-time codes (STCs) that encompasses a number of previously proposed STC schemes as special cases. The STCs considered are block codes that employ arbitrary redundant linear precoding of a given data sequence together with embedded training symbols, if any. The redundancy introduced by the linear precoding imposes structure on the received data that under certain conditions can be exploited for blind or semi-blind estimation of the transmitted sequence, a linear receiver that recovers the sequence, or both simultaneously. Algorithms based on this observation are developed for the single-user flat-fading case and then extended to handle multiple users, frequency-selective fading, as well as situations where the channel is rank deficient, or there are fewer receive than transmit antennas.     

Blind and semi-blind equalization: methods and algorithms

Channel identification techniques that do not require the use of a training sequence (blind methods), or that can operate with very short training sequence (semiblind methods) are a topic of major concern for modern communication applications. This paper presents a review of channel identification methods that are applicable in this context, with a strong emphasis on second-order subspace-based and maximum likelihood (Ml) estimation schemes. The main focus of the paper is on: (i) providing a clear picture of the principle and theory associated with subspace-based methods in the blind and semi-blind contexts; (ii) describing algorithmic solutions, sometimes based on novel results, that are suitable for carrying out the delicate likelihood optimization task associated withMl estimation.     

OFDM系统中ICI自消除算法的研究

OFDM系统对相位噪声极其敏感，会引入共同相位误差CPE（Common Phase Error）和载渡间干扰ICI（Intercarrier Interference），严重降低系统性能。对ICI自消除算法进行了研究，分析比较了数据取反（data—conversion）ICI自消除算法和数据共轭（data—conjugate）ICI自消除算法性能，并基于此提出了一种改进的取反相位噪声自消除算法。仿真结果表明，该算法实施起来非常简单，且可以有效的降低相位噪声的影响。     

OFDM系统中载波间干扰抑制方法

在高速移动通信环境下,OFDM系统在传输过程中出现的多普勒频移和收发两端本地振荡器之间的频率偏差,形成子载波间干扰(ICI)并造成系统性能降低。在分析子载波间干扰机制的基础上,讨论了自消除方法和分段均衡方法,并提出一种利用加窗技术改进的分段均衡方法。仿真结果表明,采用该改进的分段均衡方法能更好地改善系统的性能,有约2 dB的信道估计增益。     

Theoretical analysis of ICI self-cancellation in OFDM systems over Rayleigh flat-fading channels

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely used for its robustness against multipath fading and low-complexity implementation. However, OFDM system, especially with large number of subcarriers and high modulation order, is severely affected by the phase noise of oscillators and carrier frequency offset (CFO). On the other hand, self-cancellation schemes have received a lot of attention due to their simple implementation and high efficiency to suppress inter-carrier interference (ICI) in OFDM systems. Among those ICI self-cancellation methods, symmetric conjugate symbol repetition (SCSR) has been proven to have the best bit error ratio (BER) performance for phase noise suppression. In this paper, the performance of OFDM systems with SCSR ICI self-cancellation in the presence of both phase noise (PHN) and CFO are investigated, and analytical expressions are derived to calculate error probability evaluated by symbol error ratio (SER) over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh flat fading channels. An approach of second order approximation of PHN/CFO has been performed to estimate the residual ICI, which could provide more accurate results. Simulation results show perfect agreement with those obtained by theoretical analysis, which could be used to estimate OFDM system error probability, facilitating the design of the overall system.     

General ICI self-cancellation scheme for OFDM systems

One of the challenges in designing orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is their inherent sensitivity to any frequency shift in the signal. A frequency offset between the local oscillators at the transmitter and receiver causes a single frequency shift in the signal, while a time-varying channel can cause a spread of frequency shifts known as the Doppler spread. Frequency shifts ruin the orthogonality of OFDM subcarriers and cause intercarrier interference (ICI); therefore, quickly diminishing the performance of the system. ICI self-cancellation schemes have been proposed to reduce the sensitivity of OFDM systems to frequency shifts. These schemes use signal processing and frequency domain coding to reduce the amount of ICI generated as a result of frequency shifts, with little additional computational complexity. These methods can be used as an alternative to the fine frequency-offset estimation methods to battle oscillator frequency offset or simply be used as an ICI mitigation technique when the system is operating over time-varying channels. We propose a general ICI self-cancellation scheme that can be implemented through windowing at the transmitter and receiver. We show that the previously proposed self-cancellation schemes are equivalent to special cases of this method. Through theoretical analysis of the signal-to-interference ratio and bit-error rate and the use of Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed system considerably outperforms the existing systems in the presence of frequency offset or time variations in the channel. We consider both coherent and noncoherent systems.     

移动WIMAX下OFDM载波间干扰消除

高速移动WIMAX下的信道变化使得OFDM的正交性遭到破坏，从而产生载波间干扰，导致系统估计性能明显降低，为了降低ICI的影响，文中提出了一种基于泰勒级数逼近的ICI消除算法，并以此进行了时域迭代消除信道估计，仿真结果表面估计算法在高速移动环境具有良好的估计性能，ICI消除效果好，计算复杂度低。     

基于粒子滤波的大气激光OFDM时变信道半盲估计

为了有效改善大气激光正交频分复用通信系统接收端的符号检测性能,采用现有的混合粒子滤波算法对大气激光正交频分复用时变信道进行半盲估计,并进行了理论分析与实验验证.与传统的基于导频的时变信道估计方法相比,该方法可有效改善接收端的符号检测性能,并通过MATLAB仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.结果表明,在相同的信噪比下,所用方...     

Per-tone equalization for MIMO OFDM systems

This paper focuses on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with channel order larger than the cyclic prefix (CP) length. Writing the demodulating fast Fourier transform (FFT) as a sliding FFT followed by a downsampling operation, we show in this paper that by swapping the filtering operations of the MIMO channel and the sliding FFT, the data model for the temporally smoothened received signal of each individual tone of the MIMO OFDM system is very similar to the data model for the temporally smoothened received signal of a MIMO single-carrier (SC) system. As a result, to recover the data symbol vectors, the conventional equalization approach for MIMO SC systems can be applied to each individual tone of the MIMO OFDM system. This so-called per-tone equalization (PTEQ) approach for MIMO OFDM systems is an attractive alternative to the recently developed time-domain equalization (TEQ) approach for MIMO OFDM systems. In the second part of this paper, we focus on direct per-tone equalizer design and adapt an existing semi-blind equalizer design method for space-time block coding (STBC) SC systems to the corresponding semi-blind per-tone equalizer design method for STBC OFDM systems.