VO2薄膜的制备及其热致相变特性研究

以双氧水和V2O5粉末为前驱体制备出V2O5溶胶,然后在云母基底上成膜,通过后续热处理退火得到优异相变性能的VO2薄膜。采用SEM、XRD分析薄膜形貌和微观结构,利用FT-IR等检测薄膜的光学性质。实验表明,VO2薄膜在云母基底上沿(011)晶面择优取向生长,颗粒生长致密且大小分布均匀。薄膜具有优异的相变陡然性,相变温度及滞后温宽都较低。在红外波段,相变前后透过率及反射率变化都较大,对红外光调节性能较好;在可见光波段,薄膜在相变前后都具有较高可见光透过率。     

W-Mo复合离子掺杂VO2薄膜热滞回线的热调制现象

以单晶Si(100)为基底,采用无机溶胶–凝胶法在其表面制备W-Mo复合离子掺杂VO2薄膜。采用SEM、XRD等手段分析了薄膜的表面形貌和晶体结构。在热驱动下,利用原位FTIR分析了W-Mo复合离子掺杂VO2薄膜半导体–金属相变性能。结果显示:单晶Si(100)表面VO2薄膜具有(011)择优生长取向,W6+、Mo6+取代了V4+在晶格中的位置,实现置换掺杂。热滞回线分析表明,与未掺杂VO2薄膜相比,V1-x-yMoxWyO2薄膜相变温度降低,滞后温宽减小,同时相变陡然性变差,相变温宽增大;在相变温度区间内,温度路径对红外透过率具有调制效果,其调制作用受原始热滞回线的制约。     

合成条件对多孔VO2薄膜形貌和光学性能的影响

以云母(001)为衬底,采用无机溶胶-凝胶法,通过加入表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),在不同条件下制备了多孔VO2薄膜。采用SEM、FT-IR等手段分析了薄膜的表面形貌和热致相变性能。结果表明,膜的热处理工艺参数等对薄膜的表面形貌、颗粒尺寸及光学性能有重要影响,多孔VO2薄膜的形成与退火温度、保温时间及退火环境有关。     

无机盐离子对多孔VO_2薄膜微观形貌及热致相变性能的影响

以云母(001)为衬底,采用无机溶胶-凝胶法,通过添加表面活性剂十二烷三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),以及加入同一元素族、不同粒径的无机盐离子Li+、Na+、K+和同一周期、不同价态的Na+、Mg2+、Al3+制备多孔VO2薄膜。采用SEM、FT-IR等手段分析薄膜的微观形貌特征和热致相变性能。结果表明,不同化合价、不同粒径的无机盐离子对多孔VO2薄膜的颗粒尺寸分布、微观形貌以及热致相变性能产生影响。     

磁控溅射制备Cu2O和Cu2O/TiO2复合膜及其光催化活性

采用直流反应磁控溅射的方法在普通玻璃上沉积得到Cu2O、TiO2和Cu2O/TiO2复合薄膜.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对薄膜的晶体结构、表面形态和薄膜元素组成进行了分析.XRD结果表明,当反应溅射时间为5 min时,Cu2O薄膜由单一的(111)晶面组成;反应时间的延长促进了Cu2O(110)和(220)晶面的生长.通过计算得出Cu2O(111)更有利于对O2的吸附.进一步使用氙灯作为光源,用薄膜对亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解率来表征光催化活性.结果表明,Cu2O/TiO2复合薄膜的光催化效果随着Cu2O含量的增加升高而后降低,当Cu2O含量为2.6mol%时,光催化活性最高.光催化效率的提高主要归因于Cu2O的加入引起光生电子-空穴的分离,而过量的Cu2O会延长光生电子迁移到Cu2O/TiO2界面和空穴迁移至表面所需要的时间,使电子和空穴复合的几率增大,从而降低了量子效率.     

TiO2/CuInS2复合纳米棒阵列的制备及其光电性能

采用两步溶剂热法在氧化氟锡(FTO)导电玻璃基底上制备了CuInS2敏化TiO2纳米棒阵列复合薄膜光阳极.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了复合阵列薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌,同时采用紫外可见吸收分光光度计(UV-Vis)及光电流电压(I-V)曲线研究了CuInS2敏化TiO2纳米阵列薄膜的光学及光电化学性质.研究结果表明,TiO2纳米棒阵列薄膜被CuInS2敏化后在可见光区的吸收有明显的增强.在模拟太阳光照射下(100 mW/cm2),利用这种复合薄膜作为光阳极组装的量子点敏化太阳能电池的开路电压为0.29 V,短路电流密度为0.15 mA/cm2,具有一定的光电转换能力.     

热致变色VO2薄膜的制备及光学性能研究

利用等离子体发射光谱监测系统(PEM)控制钒的等离子强度,在石英基底上磁控溅射制备了VO2薄膜。采用XRD、XPS、SEM、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计及傅立叶红外分光光度计研究薄膜的结构、光学及相变特性。结果表明,所制备的VO2薄膜具有(011)取向,VO2薄膜的热滞回线宽度为25℃,可见光透过率和太阳光调节率分别可达Tlum,l=34.1%、Tlum,h=35.3%和ΔTsol=6.8%,相变前后,红外光区的反射率变化最大值可达44.4%。     

碳热还原法制备VO2/云母复合粉体研究

首先采用溶胶-凝胶法和喷雾干燥法在云母微粉表面包覆VO25,然后与炭黑混合均匀,通过高温退火还原获得VO2/云母复合粉体.利用XRD、SEM、FT-IR等手段对其进行表征,结果表明,碳热还原法制备的VO2/云母复合粉体相变温度为68℃,滞后温宽为16℃,在波长λ=4.55μm(波数=2200cm-1)的红外光波段,加入...     

CdSe/TiO2复合薄膜的制备及光电性能研究

以SeO2,CdCl2.5/2H2O,H2SO4为原料,采用三电极体系,分别在ITO玻璃和TiO2纳米管阵列基底上沉积CdSe薄膜。研究了不同沉积电压(-0.6,-0.7,-0.8,-0.9V,均相对于SCE)下制备的复合薄膜的晶体结构和微观形貌,并测试了其光电性能。结果表明:制备出的纳米粒子呈不均匀团聚状态;随沉积电压的增大,光吸收增强,光响应电流增大,在沉积电压为-0.8V时复合薄膜的光响应电流达到最大值,但此沉积电压下的薄膜容易剥落。综合考虑薄膜质量和光响应电流,沉积电压为-0.7V时制备的复合薄膜最佳。     

云母衬底上W掺杂VO_2薄膜的光学和变色性能研究

在云母衬底上采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺钨VO2薄膜,采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和色差等检测手段,对掺杂薄膜物相、表面形貌、相变温度和热致变色性能进行分析。结果表明,掺钨后其相变温度降低到室温以下,并保持良好的红外透过率随温度变化性能;相变前后颜色发生了改变,色差最大值为5.9。     

K2(Rb2,Cs2,Tl2)TeBr6(I6) and Rb3(Cs3)Sb2(Bi2)Br9(I9) perovskite compounds

We systematize available experimental data on the crystal structure of the ternary halides K₂(Rb₂,Cs₂,Tl₂)TeBr₆(I₆) and Rb₃(Cs₃)Sb₂(Bi₂)Br₉(I₉), analyze the general trends in the properties of their single crystals, and examine the key features of the physicochemical interaction in related systems.     

Natural and persistent superhydrophilicity of SiO2/TiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 bi-layer films

Sol-gel SiO₂/TiO₂ and TiO₂/SiO₂ bi-layer films have been deposited from a polymeric SiO₂ solution and either a polymeric TiO₂ mother solution (MS) or a derived TiO₂ crystalline suspension (CS). The chemical and structural properties of MS and CS bi-layer films heat-treated at 500 °C have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscospy. Water contact angle measurements show that MS SiO₂/TiO₂ and CS TiO₂/SiO₂ bi-layer films exhibit a natural superhydrophilicity, but cannot maintain a zero contact angle for a long time over film aging. In contrast, CS SiO₂/TiO₂ bi-layer films exhibit a natural, persistent, and regenerable superhydrophilicity without the need of UV light. Superhydrophilic properties of bi-layer films are discussed with respect to the nature of the TiO₂ single-layer component and arrangement of the bi-layer structure, i.e. TiO₂ underlayer or overlayer.     

The role of TiO2 and ZrO2 in Na2OMO2SiO2 glasses

The glass transition temperatures of $\text{(1?x)}\text{Na}{}_2\text{O}\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{x}\text{MO}{}_2\text{·2}\text{SiO}{}_2$ and Na₂O·xMO₂·(2 ?x)SiO₂ glasses, with M = Ti or Zr, have been related to the structural role and coordination of Ti and Zr. The role of network-former, intermediate or modifier of a cation has been fundamentally linked to ionic field strength; T_g values depend on ionic field strength and coordination. Titanium behaves like an intermediate oxide; its coordination ranges between four and six, depending on $\text{Ti}\text{Si}$ ratio. The role of zirconium changes according to the degree of substitution for Na or Si and progressively approaches that of a modifier ion.     

Crystal Structure of (H3O)2[(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)2](H2O)3.5

Crystals of (H₃O)₂[(UO₂)₂(SeO₄)₃(H₂O)₂](H₂O)_3.5 were prepared from aqueous solutions by evaporation. The crystal structure [monoclinic system, space group P2₁/m, a = 11.9402(11), b = 13.6452(14), c = 13.7271(12) Å, β = 109.436(7)°, V = 2109.1(3) ų] was solved by the direct method and refined to R ₁ = 0. 048 (wR ₂ = 0. 082) for 3677 reflections with |F _hkl |F _hkl |. The structure consists of [(UO₂)₂(SeO₄)₃(H₂O)₂]₂₋ layers arranged parallel to the (010) plane. The layers are formed by uranium and selenium coordination polyhedra sharing common vertices and are linked with each other by hydrogen bonds through the H₂O and H₃O⁺ groups arranged between the layers. __________ Translated from Radiokhimiya, Vol. 47, No. 5, 2005, pp. 412–414. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Krivovichev, Kahlenberg.     

Syntheses and structures of Ta2(WO2)0.87H0.26(PO4)4 and Ta2(MoO2)(PO4)4

Tantalum hydrogen phosphate, β-TaH(PO₄)₂, has a three-dimensional structure that is stable to remarkably high temperature (∼600 °C) presumably due to the presence of strong hydrogen bonds. Impedance measurements indicate a low conductivity, 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ S/cm at 200 °C in 5% H₂. In further studies aimed at enhancing the conductivity by aliovalent doping, we have investigated systematically the synthesis of compounds in the TaH(PO₄)₂-W₂P₂O₁₁ system at 380 °C. As a result, a new phase, Ta₂(WO₂)_0.87H_0.26(PO₄)₄, was identified and subsequently the molybdenum analog Ta₂(MoO₂)(PO₄)₄ was also prepared. The structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The structures of Ta₂(WO₂)_0.87H_0.26(PO₄)₄ and Ta₂(MoO₂)(PO₄)₄ can be formally derived from the structure of β-TaH(PO₄)₂ by the replacement of two P-OH protons with an MO₂²⁺ (M = Mo and W) group together with a change in the orientation of some phosphate tetrahedra.     

Al2O3/SiO2 and HfO2/SiO2 dichroic mirrors for UV solid-state lasers

HfO₂/SiO₂ and Al₂O₃/SiO₂ multilayers to be employed as high reflectance end mirrors in Cerium-doped fluoride solid-state lasers were produced by radio frequency sputtering. The components were designed to have high transmittance at the pumping wavelength and high reflectance in a wavelength band corresponding to the active medium emission. A photoacoustic beam deflection technique and inspection of the irradiated area under a microscope were used to measure the laser induced damage threshold of the mirrors at the pumping wavelength. These coatings were tested in a laser cavity.     

超临界流体干燥法制备TiO2/ Fe2O3 和TiO2/ Fe2O3/ SiO2 复合纳米粒子及光催化性能

以TiCl₄ 、Fe (NO₃ )₃·9H₂O 和Na₂SiO₃19H₂O 为原料, 采用溶胶凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥法(SCFD)制备了纳米级TiO₂/ Fe₂O₃ 和TiO₂/ Fe₂O₃/ SiO₂ 复合光催化剂。以光催化降解苯酚对所得催化剂的催化活性进行了评价。结果表明, 纳米TiO₂/ Fe₂O₃ 复合粒子与单组分TiO₂ 比较, 复合粒子光催化活性高于单组分的TiO₂, 6h 苯酚降解率高达95.9 %。SiO₂ 的加入可以抑制纳米粒子粒径的长大和晶相的转变, 增强TiO₂ 纳米粒子的热稳定性。复合光催化剂中Fe₂O₃ 最佳掺入量为0.06 %, SiO₂ 最佳掺入量为10 %(摩尔分数) 。并用XRD、TEM 和FTIR 等手段进行了表征。TiO₂ 以锐钛矿型形式存在, SiO₂ 以无定性形式存在。比较了不同制备方法制得的TiO₂/ Fe₂O₃ 复合光催化剂, 得出超临界干燥法制备的光催化剂具有粒径小、比表面积大、分散性好、光催化活性高等特点。采用超临界流体干燥可直接得锐钛型纳米复合光催化剂。     

Reactivity of the H2O2/TiO2 system

The reactivity of the H₂O₂/TiO₂ system for samples treated at atmospheric pressure is studied by means of Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The most significant changes on the TiO₂ ‘final’ state are: (i) The I(O)/I(Ti) peak-to-peak ratio is diminished by 15%. (ii) The LMV transition suffers an energy shift of +2 eV, whereas the peak-to-peak width diminishes 1.5 eV. (iii) Its structure changes with respect to that of the TiO₂ ‘initial’ state although it is not identified with any one of the known stoichiometric oxides. (iv) When the samples that represent the ‘final’ state are heated up to 650 K, the AES spectrum matches quite well that of the TiO₂ ‘initial’ state.     

Investigation on solar photocatalytic activity of TiO2 loaded composite: TiO2/Eggshell, TiO2/Clamshell and TiO2/CaCO3

The TiO₂/Eggshell, TiO₂/Clamshell and TiO₂/CaCO₃ loaded composites were prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by XRD and SEM. Their photocatalytic activities were measured through the degradation of Acid Red B under solar light irradiation. The influences of TiO₂ loaded content, heat-treated temperature and time on the photocatalytic activities were reviewed. The effects of irradiation time and dye initial concentration on the photocatalytic degradation were also investigated. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity can be greatly enhanced by appropriate TiO₂ loaded content.     

纳米-Al2O3/SiO2加入量对MgO-Al2O3-SiO2复相陶瓷烧结机理的影响

为了探究纳米-Al₂O₃/SiO₂加入量对MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂复相陶瓷烧结行为的作用机理。以微米级MgO、纳米级Al₂O₃和SiO₂为主要原料制备陶瓷基复合材料。通过XRD和 SEM等检测手段对烧后试样的物相组成和微观结构进行测试与表征,重点研究Al₂O₃/SiO₂的加入对复相陶瓷物相组成、微观结构及烧结性能的影响。结果表明:随着Al₂O₃/SiO₂加入量的增大,试样烧后相对密度和烧后线变化率呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势,加入15%Al₂O₃/SiO₂(质量分数)的试样经1 500 ℃烧结后,其相对密度可以达到94%。引入的Al₂O₃/SiO₂与基体中的MgO生成镁铝尖晶石与镁橄榄石相,原位反应伴随的体积膨胀,抵消部分烧结过程中的体积收缩。Al₂O₃/SiO₂加入量为75%(质量分数)的试样经1 400 ℃烧结后,基体中有大量堇青石相生成,随着煅烧温度提高到1 500 ℃,堇青石分解所产生的高温液相促进了试样的烧结收缩。